• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• v.23 no.8
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• pp.794-802
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• 2022

Objective: To evaluate the feasibility of single-shot whole thoracic time-resolved MR angiography (TR-MRA) to identify the feeding arteries of pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVMs) and reperfusion of the lesion after embolization in patients with multiple PAVMs. Materials and Methods: Nine patients (8 females and 1 male; age range, 23-65 years) with a total of 62 PAVMs who underwent percutaneous embolization for multiple PAVMs and were subsequently followed up using TR-MRA and CT obtained within 6 months from each other were retrospectively reviewed. All imaging analyses were performed by two independent readers blinded to clinical information. The visibility of the feeding arteries on maximum intensity projection (MIP) reconstruction and multiplanar reconstruction (MPR) TR-MRA images was evaluated by comparing them to CT as a reference. The accuracy of TR-MRA for diagnosing reperfusion of the PAVM after embolization was assessed in a subgroup with angiographic confirmation. The reliability between the readers in interpreting the TR-MRA results was analyzed using kappa (κ) statistics. Results: Feeding arteries were visible on the original MIP images of TR-MRA in 82.3% (51/62) and 85.5% (53/62) of readers 1 and 2, respectively. Using the MPR, the rates increased to 93.5% (58/62) and 95.2% (59/62), respectively (κ = 0.760 and 0.792, respectively). Factors for invisibility were the course of feeding arteries in the anteroposterior plane, proximity to large enhancing vessels, adjacency to the chest wall, pulsation of the heart, and small feeding arteries. Thirty-seven PAVMs in five patients had angiographic confirmation of reperfusion status after embolization (32 occlusions and 5 reperfusions). TR-MRA showed 100% (5/5) sensitivity and 100% (32/32, including three cases in which the feeding arteries were not visible on TR-MRA) specificity for both readers. Conclusion: Single-shot whole thoracic TR-MRA with MPR showed good visibility of the feeding arteries of PAVMs and high accuracy in diagnosing reperfusion after embolization. Single-shot whole thoracic TR-MRA may be a feasible method for the follow-up of patients with multiple PAVMs.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.387-396
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• 2003

This experiment was carried out to compare the effects of feeding commercial formula feed and rice straw separately (control) versus a total mixed ration (TMR) on productivity of Hanwoo steers in late stage of fattening and on ruminal fermentation characteristics and digestibilities. Ruminal digesta from the cannulated cattle were sampled at 0, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8 hour after feeding. The steers fed TMR consumed 7.4kg per day and there was no difference between feeding systems. Daily weight gain was not significantly (P>0.05) between feeding systems, however, TMR group showed lower daily gain than control group. The amount of feed consumption per kg weight gain was higher in TMR group than control group (10.5kg and 9.7kg, respectively), resulting in a greater efficiency of feed utilization for gain. In the result of appearance rates of quality grade A were 33% higher for TMR group than those in control group. Appearance rates of grade 1 showed 56% and 75% when fed the control and TMR, respectively. Digestibilities of dry matter, crude protein, crude fiber and gross energy for TMR treatment were significantly higher (P<0.01) than those of control. Prior to feeding (0 h) and each subsequent hour, the TMR resulted in higher rumen pH (P<0.05) when compared with control ration. The concentration of NH3-N for TMR treatment maintained at higher level up to 8hr after feeding, especially increased up to 28.2mg/$d\ell$ during 1-2 hour which was two times (P<0.05) more than control. The amount of total VFA showed same trends between feeding systems. However, the ratios of branched chained fatty acid such as iso-butyric acid and iso-valeric acid for TMR treatment were significantly(P<0.01) higher than control for 3-5hr. Results showed that TMR in these trials is effective feeding system for fattening Hanwoo steers in the respect of ruminal characteristics, total tract digestibility and productivities.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.11-22
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• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of an education program for mothers of late-preterm infants on parenting confidence, breastfeeding rate, and infants' growth and readmission rate. Methods: The participants were 53 mothers of late-preterm infants (26 in the experimental group and 27 in the control group). The experimental group was administered the late-preterm care education program while the control group received standard care. The program consisted of two sessions during hospitalization after birth, one session at the time of discharge, and telephone and social networking service consultations at weekly intervals for the month following discharge. The collected data were analyzed using the t-test, x² test, and repeated-measures analysis of variance. Results: Parenting confidence and the breastfeeding rate were significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group. However, there was no significant difference in the late-preterm infants' growth and readmission rates between the experimental and control groups. Conclusion: A care education program for mothers of late-preterm infants can be a useful nursing intervention in clinical practice.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.516-530
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• 1989

A 44-day metabolic study was conducted to compare the effects of soy protein and meat protein on N, Ca, P, and Mg metabolism in young Korean males. Meat protein diet(MPD) and soy protin diet(SPD) were provided for 3 weeks each. For MPD, meat protein Supplied 50.3% of total protein and mean daily suplies of Ca, P, and Mg were 33.28mg, 1013.01mg, 226.81mg respectively. For SPD, soy protein supplied 51.8% of total protein and mean contents of Ca, P and Mg were 737.86mg, 1261.76mg, and 451.3mg. Mean daily fecal and urinary excretions of Ca were 350.6mg and 113.3mg for MPD and 515.0mg and 118.3mg for SPD. Apparent absorption rates in MPD and SPD were 4.2mg in MPD and 700.4mg and 475.1mg SPD. Apparent absorption rates were 65.6% in MPD and 44.5% in SPD(p<0.01). For Mg, fecal and urinary excretions were 144.8mg and 81.2mg in MPD and 292.4mg and 65.5mg in SPD. Apparent absorption rates were 37.5% in MPD and 35.2% in SPD. The correlations between urinary Ca, P, and their balance were significant (p<0.001) in MPD, but not in SPD. Urinary Ca was significantly correlated with urinary N, P, Mg(p<0.001) in MPD, but not in SPD. From these results, meat protein seems to increase the excretions of major minerals compared to soy protein.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.23-36
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• 1983

This study was devised to observe the nutritional effects of the diets supplemented with the leaf or trunk in rats. The male albino rats (110 heads), Sprague-Dowley strain weighing 75g to 79g, were used as the experimental aninl mils. The animals were divided into twelve diet groups and maintained with corresponding diet for 40 days, and then sacrificed. The growth rate, the consumption and efficiency ratios of the food and protein, the absorption rates of carbohydrate, lipid and protein, and the utilization rates of energy were determined during the feeding term. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1) The growth rate, the consumption and efficiency ratios of the food and protein in each experimental diet group added ginseng steamed leaf or trunk were higher than those in experimental group A which has the diet supplemented with ginseng raw leaf of trunk. 2) The absorption rates of the carbohydrate were above 96%, higher than those or the control group, But those of fat, protein and the utilization rate of energy in each experimental diet group were generally lower than those in the control group.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.53 no.6
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• pp.918-924
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• 2020

This study investigated diurnal fasting and postprandial total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) excretion rates in juvenile Oplegnathus fasciatus (rock bream; mean body weight 45.8±1.1 g) at three temperatures (15, 20, and 25℃) in a recirculating system (three replicates). The fish were hand-fed twice daily (09:00 and 17:00 h) with commercial food (46.7% protein) until satiation. The results showed that the fasting and postprandial TAN excretion rates were temperature-dependent. The mean hourly rates were 7.7 (15℃), 10.2 (20℃), and 11.9 (25℃) mg kg fish-1 h-1 for fasting and 34.0 (15℃), 47.8 (20℃), and 60.2 (25℃) mg kg fish-1 h-1 for postprandial. At each temperature, two postprandial TAN excretion peaks were observed 2-4 h after feeding; the second peak was always higher. The TAN loss to nitrogen consumption ratio was 41.1-46.8 % and increased significantly with increasing temperature. Temperature affected fasting and postprandial TAN excretion in juvenile rock bream, providing insight for culture management.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.68-81
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• 1986

This experiment was conducted to find out the effects of the six different feeding methods on the development of body weight, testis, comb and pituitary gland, and the sexual maturity of White Plymouth Rock cockerels. From hatching to 22 weeks of age, the weights of whole body, testis, comb and pituitary gland, and the histological changes of testis and the semen characteristics were checked every other week. The results obtained in this expeniment were as follows: 1. The growth rates of the self-feeding groups were faster than those of the limited feeding groups (70 percent of the self-feeding) by about 2 weeks. The weights of testis and comb showed the most marked increase at 20 weeks of age in the self-feeding groups and at 22 weeks of age in the limited feeding groups, respectively. 2. The weights of pituitary gland from hatching to 22 weeks of age at all observation weeks were not recognized significantly among the compared groups except 4, 14 and 16 weeks of age. 3. Correlations between week of age, body weight, testis, comb and pituitary gland, in the course of 22 weeks, were highly significant. 4. The diameters of lumina and tubules in the seminiferous tubules increased very slowly until 10 weeks of age. They showed the most marked increase at 12 weeks of age in the self-feeding groups and at 14 weeks of age in the limited feeding groups, and then continueously increased until 22 weeks of age. 5. Primary spermatocytes appeared at first at 8 weeks in the all treatment groups. Secondary spermatocytes appeared at first at 10 weeks in the self-feeding groups and at 12 weeks in the limited feeding groups. At 14 weeks of age spermatids and spermatozoa were found at first in the self-feeding groups but spermatids were found in the limited feeding groups. 6. Age of the first ejaculation was between 14 and 16 weeks of age in the all treatment groups. The average semen volume and sperm concentration ranged from $0.1{\sim}0.2m{\ell}/ejaculate$ and $5.6{\sim}9.8{\times}10^8sperm/m{\ell}$ at the age of the first ejaculation but $0.30{\sim}0.35m{\ell}/ejaculate$ and $22.4{\sim}42.7{\times}10^8sperm/m{\ell}$ at the 20 weeks of age in the all treatment groups.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.183-190
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• 2002

To determine the effect of body size on the clearance rate and ingestion rate of small intertidal bivalves, Glauconome chinensis, feeding experiments were conducted on individuals of 12 different size classes, from 4 to 16 mm in shell length. Relationships between morphological parameters were also determined. The clearance and ingestion rates of G. chinensis responded similarly to their body size, ranging from 1.3 to 28.2 mL/hr/ind. and from 24.0 to 458.5, ${\mu}gC/hr/ind$., respectively. Both rates increased significantly (p<0.001) as shell length increased from 4 to 9 mm, although neither rate changed significantly when shell length was in the range from 12 to 16 mm. The weight-specific clearance rate $(CR_w)$ and ingestion rate $(IR_w)$ decreased with increasing body size, with values from 1.0 to 3.1 L/hr/g and from 17.9 to 51.3 mgC/hr/g, respectively. The $CR_w$ of G. chinensis was intermediate compared to those of larger bivalve species. The clearance rate (CR) relative to flesh dry weight (FDW) of G. chinensis were fitted well to the power function: $CR=0.43\times(FDW)^{0.71}\;(r^2=0.89)$. The exponent of fitting equation (0.71) of G. chinensis was higher than those of Mytilus edulis (Walne, 1972), Crassostrea gigas (Walne, 1972), and Placopecten magellanicus (MacDonald and Thompson, 1986).

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.53 no.4
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• pp.530-537
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• 2020

This study compared the survival rates, growth, and fatty acid content of larval Pacific cod Gadus macrocephalus fed with rotifers raised on different enrichment diets. We used four commercial rotifer enrichment products (one domestic, ER1, and three imported, ER2, ER3 and ER4). Twelve 200-L tanks were used, with three replicates per treatment. Larvae were fed rotifers 3 times daily at a rate of 5 rotifers/ml/feeding from 7 to 21 days post-hatch. At the end of the feeding trial, the survival rate and total length of larvae fed ER3 were greater than those of larvae fed ER1, ER2, or ER4. ER3 had the highest proportions of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and polyunsaturated acid (PUFA). Partially reflecting this composition, larvae fed ER3 had the highest proportions of DHA and PUFA. These results show a positive effect of rotifer DHA and PUFA proportions on the survival and growth rates of Pacific cod larvae.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.179-182
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• 2009

This study was carried out between November 2007 and October 2008 in the experimental farm of Chunnam National University to investigate the effect of feeding of whole crop barley silage on the reproductive performance of Hanwoo heifers and cows. Two diets, rice straw or whole crop barley silage separately from concentrate were fed 11 Hanwoo heifers and 26 Hanwoo cows. In control group (=CON), heifers (n=6) and cows (n=13) were fed 7 kg (/head) rice straw and 4 kg (/head) commercial diet. In whole crop barley silage group (=WBG), heifers (n=5) and cows (n=13) were fed 8 kg (/head) whole crop barley silage and 1 kg (/head) commercial diet. 1. Conception rates for first service in CON or WBG heifers were 66.7% (4/6) and 60.0% (3/5), respectively, and the services per conception cows were $1.5{\pm}0.2$ for CON and $1.4{\pm}0.2$ for WBG group. 2. Days to post-partum insemination were $106.6{\pm}26.3$ days for CON and $85.6{\pm}12.6$ days for WBG group, and days to post-partum conception in CON or WBG were $128.4{\pm}27.1$ and $96.8{\pm}16.8$ days, respectively. 3. Post-partum conception rates for first service in CON or WBG were 76.9% (10/13) and 84.6% (11/13), respectively, and caving interval was $418{\pm}50.7$ days for CON and $392.8{\pm}20.7$ days for WBG group.