• 제목/요약/키워드: Feeding period

검색결과 1,594건 처리시간 0.028초

Effects of dietary inactivated probiotics on growth performance and immune responses of weaned pigs

  • Kang, Joowon;Lee, Jeong Jae;Cho, Jin Ho;Choe, Jeehwan;Kyoung, Hyunjin;Kim, Sung Hun;Kim, Hyeun Bum;Song, Minho
    • Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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    • 제63권3호
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    • pp.520-530
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    • 2021
  • This experiment was performed to verify whether dietary heat-killed Lactobacillus rhamnosus (LR) improves growth performance and modulates immune responses of weaned pigs. Ninety-six weaned pigs ([Landrace × Yorkshire] × Duroc; 6.95 ± 0.25 kg body weight [BW]; 28 d old) were randomly allocated to four treatments: 1) a basal diet without heat-killed LR (CON), 2) T1 (CON with 0.1% heat-killed LR), 3) T2 (CON with 0.2% heat-killed LR), and 4) T3 (CON with 0.4% heat-killed LR). Each treatment had six pens with four pigs (6 replicates per treatment) in a randomized completely block design. The heat-killed LR used in this study contained 1 × 109 FU/g of LR in a commercial product. Pigs were fed each treatment for four weeks using a two-phase feeding program to measure growth performance and frequency of diarrhea. During the last week of this study, all diets contained 0.2% chromic oxide as an indigestible marker. Fecal sampling was performed through rectal palpation for the consecutive three days after the four adaptation days to measure apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of dry matter, crude protein, and gross energy (GE). Blood sampling was also performed on day 1, 3, 7, and 14 after weaning to measure immune responses such as serum tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), C-reactive protein (CRP), and cortisol. The heat-killed LR increased (p < 0.05) growth rate, feed efficiency, and ATTD of GE for overall experimental period compared with CON, but reduced (p < 0.05) post-weaning diarrhea. In addition, pigs fed diets contained heat-killed had lower concentrations of serum TNF-α (d 7; p < 0.05), TGF-β1 (d 7; p < 0.10), and cortisol (d 3 and 7; p < 0.05) than pigs fed CON. In conclusion, dietary heat-killed LR improved growth rate, modified immune responses of weaned pigs, and alleviated post-weaning diarrhea.

Effects of dietary glycerol inclusion on growth performance, carcass and meat quality characteristics, glycogen content, and meat volatile compounds in Korean cattle steers

  • Piao, Minyu;Jung, Da Jin Sol;Kang, Hyeok Joong;Park, Seung Ju;Lee, Jin Oh;Kim, Minsu;Kim, Hyun Jin;Kim, Do Hyun;Seo, Ja Kyeom;Jo, Cheorun;Haque, Md Najmul;Baik, Myunggi
    • Animal Bioscience
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    • 제34권4호
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    • pp.603-612
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    • 2021
  • Objective: We have tested our hypothesis that inclusion of purified glycerol as a replacer of portions of dried distillers grain with solubles (DDGS) would affect growth performance, rumen fermentation and blood parameters, carcass and sensory traits, reducing sugar and glycogen contents, and volatile compound profiles in longissimus thoracis (LT) in Korean cattle steers. Methods: A total of 20 Korean cattle steers (27.0±0.2 months old; 647±10.5 kg body weight [BW]) were assigned to a conventional control group or a glycerol group (3.17% purified glycerol addition as a replacement for DDGS and molasses). The steers were individually allowed to receive the experimental concentrate at the daily amount of 1.5% of their individual BW and a total 1.0 of kg/d of rice straw twice daily. The feeding trial was conducted for a period of 20 weeks. Results: Glycerol supplementation (GS) increased (p = 0.001) concentrate intake. However, GS did not affect (p>0.05) average daily gain, feed efficiency, and ruminal volatile fatty acid concentrations. GS tended to increase (p≤0.10) serum glucose concentrations at the 16th and 20th weeks. GS decreased (p = 0.001) LT pH. GS did not affect (p>0.05) carcass traits and the chemical or physicochemical compositions, reducing sugar or glycogen contents, sensory traits, and most of volatile compounds in the LT. Conclusion: The inclusion of purified glycerol as a replacement for DDGS in the finishing diet did not affect growth performance, rumen fermentation parameters, and carcass quality in Korean cattle. The purified glycerol could be used as a substitute for other energy sources such as DDGS in beef cattle, depending on the price.

저염도에서 생육가능한 미생물 probiotics가 저염분 양식의 흰다리새우(Litopenaeus vannamei)의 성장 및 면역능에 미치는 영향 (Effect of low salinity probiotics on the growth and non-specific immunity of whiteleg shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei cultured under low salinity conditions)

  • 배준성;이채원;양찬영;정은하;김은진;박관하
    • 한국어병학회지
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    • 제33권2호
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    • pp.145-151
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    • 2020
  • 흰다리새우는 광범위한 염도(1-40 psu)에서 생존 가능하다. 하지만 염도의 변화, 특히 낮은 염도(1-5 psu)는 생존율, 비특이적 면역능 및 항병능과 같은 다양한 생리적 변화에 영향을 미칠 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 73일 동안 경구 투여 및 사육수 첨가를 동시에 수행한 뒤 성장, 비특이적 면역 및 질병 저항성을 측정하였다. 사육수의 염도는 주기적으로 소금을 첨가하여 3 psu를 유지하였다. 그 결과 73일간 사육 후 생존율이 크게 증가하였으며 (5.6 vs. 15.4%), reactive oxygen species (ROS) 생산과 phenol oxidase (PO) 활성의 유의성있는 증가가 확인되었다. 대조적으로 superoxide dismutase (SOD) 활성은 영향을 받지 않았다. 새우에서 Vibrio alginolyticus의 인위 감염 시험의 결과, 프로바이오틱스 처치구에서 약간의 폐사 감소가 관찰되었다(100 vs. 79%). 결과적으로 저염도(3 psu)에서 양식된 흰다리새우의 생산은 저염도에서 생존가능한 프로바이오틱스에 의해 증가 될 수 있을 것이다.

Occurrence and diet analysis of sea turtles in Korean shore

  • Kim, Jihee;Kim, Il-Hun;Kim, Min-Seop;Lee, Hae Rim;Kim, Young Jun;Park, Sangkyu;Yang, Dongwoo
    • Journal of Ecology and Environment
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    • 제45권4호
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    • pp.203-217
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    • 2021
  • Background: Sea turtles, which are globally endangered species, have been stranded and found as bycatch on the Korean shore recently. More studies on sea turtles in Korea are necessary to aid their conservation. To investigate the spatio-temporal occurrence patterns of sea turtles on the Korean shore, we recorded sampling locations and dates, identified species and sexes and measured sizes (maximum curved carapace length; CCL) of collected sea turtles from the year 2014 to 2020. For an analysis of diets through stomach contents, we identified the morphology of the remaining food and extracted DNA, followed by amplification, cloning, and sequencing. Results: A total of 62 stranded or bycaught sea turtle samples were collected from the Korean shores during the study period. There were 36 loggerhead turtles, which were the dominant species, followed by 19 green turtles, three hawksbill turtles, two olive ridley turtles, and two leatherback turtles. The highest numbers were collected in the year 2017 and during summer among the seasons. In terms of locations, most sea turtles were collected from the East Sea, especially from Pohang. Comparing the sizes of collected sea turtles according to species, the average CCL of loggerhead turtles was 79.8 cm, of green turtles was 73.5 cm, and of the relatively large leatherback turtle species was 126.2 cm. In most species, the proportion of females was higher than that of males and juveniles, and was more than 70% across all the species. Food remains were morphologically identified from 19 stomachs, mainly at class level. Seaweeds were abundant in stomachs of green turtles, and Bivalvia was the most detected food item in loggerhead turtles. Based on DNA analysis, food items from a total of 26 stomachs were identified to the species or genus level. The gulfweed, Sargassum thunbergii, and the kelp species, Saccharina japonica, were frequently detected from the stomachs of green turtles and the jellyfish, Cyanea nozakii, the swimming crab, Portunus trituberculatus, and kelps had high frequencies of occurrences in loggerhead turtles. Conclusions: Our findings support those of previous studies suggesting that sea turtles are steadily appearing in the Korean sea. In addition, we verified that fish and seaweed, which inhabit the Korean sea, are frequently detected in the stomach of sea turtles. Accordingly, there is a possibility that sea turtles use the Korean sea as feeding grounds and habitats. These results can serve as basic data for the conservation of globally endangered sea turtles.

Intramuscular fat formation in fetuses and the effect of increased protein intake during pregnancy in Hanwoo cattle

  • Jun Sang Ahn;Gi Hwal Son;Eung Gi Kwon;Ki Yong Chung;Sun Sik Jang;Ui Hyung Kim;Jae Yong Song;Hyun Jeong Lee;Byung Ki Park
    • Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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    • 제65권4호
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    • pp.818-837
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    • 2023
  • Understanding adipocyte development in fetus during bovine pregnancy is important for strengthening fattening technology. Additionally, nutritional level of dams during pregnancy has the potential to improve offspring growth and fat development. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the intramuscular adipocyte development and expression level of related genes in bovine fetus, and the effect of increased crude protein (CP) intake during pregnancy on the growth performance and carcass characteristics of male offspring. Eighty six pregnant Hanwoo cows (average body weight, 551.5 ± 51.3 kg, age 5.29 ± 0.61 y) were used. Fetuses were collected at 90, 180 and 270 d of gestation from 18 pregnant Hanwoo cows. The remaining 68 pregnant cows were randomly assigned to 2 feeding groups. The control (CON) group was provided the standard protein diet (n = 34), and treatment (TRT) group was provided a diet with a 5% increase in CP intake (n = 34). Male offspring were divided into two groups according to protein treatment of the pregnant cows: CON male offspring (CON-O) and TRT male offspring (TRT-O). Intramuscular adipocytes were found in the fetal skeletal muscle after 180 days of gestation. Male calf's birth weight increased in the TRT group compared to that in the CON group (p < 0.002). The final body weight (p < 0.003) and average daily gain (p < 0.019) of male offspring were significantly higher in TRT-O than in CON-O. The feed conversion ratio was also improved by 10.5% in TRT-O compared to that in CON-O (p < 0.026). Carcass weight was significantly higher in the TRT-O group than that in the CON-O group (p < 0.003), and back fat was thicker in the TRT-O group (p = 0.07). The gross receipts and net income were higher in TRT-O than in CON-O (p < 0.04). Thus, fetal intramuscular fat can be formed from the mid-gestation period, and increased CP intake during pregnancy can increase net income by improving the growth and carcass weight of male offspring rather than intramuscular fat.

홀스타인 육성기에 볏짚 및 톨페스큐 건초 급여가 착유우의 생산성 및 경제성에 미치는 영향 (The Effect of Rice Straw and Tall Fescue Hay for Holstein Heifers on the Productivity and Economics of Lactating Cow)

  • 유진수;이신자;김현진;이성실
    • 한국초지조사료학회지
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    • 제44권2호
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    • pp.83-91
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    • 2024
  • 육성기간 중 볏짚 및 톨페스큐 급여가 착유우의 번식, 비유, 유성분 및 경영에 미치는 영향을 비교했다. 분만간격, 수정횟수 및 공태일수는 볏짚급여군에서 더 길게 나타났으며, 305일 유량 및 비유 peak 유량은 톨페스큐급여군에서 유의적으로 높았다(p<0.01). 유지방 함량은 톨페스큐급여군에서 유의적으로 높았으나(p<0.001), 유단백질 함량은 유의차가 없었다. 볏짚급여군과 톨페스큐급여군의 유대수입 차이는 산차가 증가할수록 증가하였으며, 육성기간 볏짚 급여에 따른 사료비 절감 효과는 없었다. 조사 농가의 우유생산량 및 유대수입은 톨페스큐급여군에서 유의적으로 높았다(p<0.05). 결과적으로 사료비 절감을 위한 육성우 기간에 볏짚 급여는 단기적으로 육성우 사료비 절감 효과를 볼 수 있지만, 착유우 생산성적 및 경영성적 저하를 감안하면 장기적으로 목장 운영에 손해를 볼 수 있으므로, 육성우 사양관리의 중요성과 인식 전환이 필요할 것으로 생각된다. 또한, 육성기 이용 조사료는 가격이 비싼 톨페스큐보다 국내산 조사료를 이용하여 동일한 효과를 볼 수 있도록 육성우용 국내산 조사료의 생산 및 이용에 관한 연구가 진행되어야 할 것이다.

Effect of Dietary Concentrate:forage Ratios and Undegraded Dietary Protein on Nitrogen Balance and Urinary Excretion of Purine Derivatives in Dorper×thin-tailed Han Crossbred Lambs

  • Ma, Tao;Deng, Kai-Dong;Tu, Yan;Jiang, Cheng-Gang;Zhang, Nai-Feng;Li, Yan-Ling;Si, Bing-Wen;Lou, Can;Diao, Qi-Yu
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • 제27권2호
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    • pp.161-168
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    • 2014
  • This study aimed to investigate dietary concentrate:forage ratios (C:F) and undegraded dietary protein (UDP) on nitrogen balance and urinary excretion of purine derivatives (PD) in lambs. Four Dorper${\times}$thin-tailed Han crossbred castrated lambs with $62.3{\pm}1.9$ kg body weight at 10 months of age were randomly assigned to four dietary treatments in a $2{\times}2$ factorial arrangement of two levels of C:F (40:60 and 60:40) and two levels of UDP (35% and 50% of CP), according to a complete $4{\times}4$ Latin-square design. Each experimental period lasted for 19 d. After a 7-d adaptation period, lambs were moved into individual metabolism crates for 12 d including 7 d of adaption and 5 d of metabolism trial. During the metabolism trial, total urine was collected for 24 h and spot urine samples were also collected at different times. Urinary PD was measured using a colorimetric method and creatinine was measured using an automated analyzer. Intake of dry matter (DM) (p<0.01) and organic matter (OM) (p<0.01) increased as the level of UDP decreased. Fecal N was not affected by dietary treatment (p>0.05) while urinary N increased as the level of UDP decreased (p<0.05), but decreased as dietary C:F increased (p<0.05). Nitrogen retention increased as dietary C:F increased (p<0.05). As dietary C:F increased, urinary excretion of PD increased (p<0.05), but was not affected by dietary UDP (p>0.05) or interaction between dietary treatments (p>0.05). Daily excretion of creatinine was not affected by dietary treatments (p<0.05), with an average value of $0.334{\times}0.005$ mmol/kg $BW^{0.75}$. A linear correlation was found between total PD excretion and PDC index ($R^2$ = 0.93). Concentrations of creatinine and PDC index in spot urine were unaffected by sampling time (p>0.05) and a good correlation was found between the PDC index (average value of three times) of spot urine and daily excretion of PD ($R^2$ = 0.88). These results suggest that for animals fed ad libitum, the PDC index in spot urine is effective to predict daily excretion of PD. In order to improve the accuracy of the spot sampling technique, an appropriate lag phase between the time of feeding and sampling should be determined so that the sampling time can coincide with the peak concentration of PD in the urine.

시설 재배 가지에서 질소 시비 수준에 따른 점박이응애의 생물적 특성 (Bionomics of Tetranychus urticae Koch on Eggplants under Various Nitrogen Regimes in Controlled Environment)

  • 김주;이상구;김정만;김태흥;문형철;최규환;최동칠
    • 한국응용곤충학회지
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    • 제47권3호
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    • pp.237-248
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    • 2008
  • 질소를 5, 10, 30, 60 mM 수준으로 재배한 가지잎을 먹이로 점박이응애의 발육을 조사하였다. 질소 시비수준이 증가함에 따라 식물체내 N함량은 증가하였으나 K, Ca, Mg는 감소하였으며, 수분함량과 조단백질은 증가하였지만 회분, 탄수화물, 섬유소등은 감소하였다. 질소 시비수준에 따른 수량은 10 mM처리에서 주당 989.5 g으로 가장 많았고, 60 mM처리에서 가장 적었다. 잎 두께와 엽록소함량은 질소함량이 증가할수록 증가하였다. 엽편에서 실내실험 결과 식이선호성과 산란선호성은 30 mM처리에서 높았고, 5 mM처리에서 낮았다. 온실에서 정식 99일 후 자연 발생되는 점박이응애의 피해엽률은 60 mM에서 98%로 가장 높았고 방제구와 피해구의 생육은 질소농도가 높을수록 차이가 커졌다. 점박이응애의 발육은 처리 간에 경향을 찾을 수가 없었으나 엽내 질소함량이 높을수록 각 영기별 사망률은 낮아졌다. 성충의 수명은 질소함량이 높은 60 mM처리에서 암수 각각 11.9일, 6.9일로 길었다. 산란기간도, 60 mM처리에서 11.7일로 가장 길고 질소함량이 낮아질수록 짧아졌다. 산란 수는 질소함량이 높은 60 mM처리에서 144.4개로 가장 많았고, 5 mM처리에서 41.0개로 가장 적었다. 성비는 10 mM처리에서 0.75로 암컷의 비율이 높았다. $R_o$와 T는 질소수준이 높을수록 증가하였고, $r_m$$\lambda$는 처리 간에 경향이 없었으며, DT는 감소하였다.

온배수 유입이 부소천의 저서성 대형무척추동물 군집구조에 미치는 영향 (The Effects of Thermal Discharge on Benthic Macroinvertebrate Communities Structure in Buso Stream)

  • 한중수;왕주현;김정은;정진호;배연재;최준길;이황구
    • 환경생물
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    • 제35권1호
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    • pp.83-94
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    • 2017
  • 본 연구는 2015년 12월부터 2016년 2월까지 고온배수 배출시설에서 온배수가 유입되는 경기도 포천시 영북면에 위치한 부소천 일대에서 조사를 실시하였다. 조사지점은 온배수가 유입되는 혼합역과 혼합역을 기준으로 상 하류 지점을 선정하여 수질 분석 및 저서성 대형무척추동물의 종조성, EPT-group 개체 비율, 군집 분석, 기능군 분석, 생물학적 하천 건강성을 평가하였다. 조사기간 동안 출현한 저서성 대형무척추동물은 총 3문 4강 11목 30과 50종 4,015개체이며, 출현종 비율은 하루살이목이 6과 16종 (32.00)%, 개체수 비율은 파리목이 1,848개체 (46.03%)로 가장 높게 나타났다. 하루살이-강도래-날도래목 (EPT-group)이 조사기간 동안 총 17과 32종 1,876개체 (46.72%)가 출현하였으며, 1차에서 3차 조사기간 동안 혼합역에서 가장 낮은 출현율을 나타냈다. 군집 분석 결과 혼합역에서 비교적 넓은 수온대를 가지는 실지렁이 (Limnodrilus gotoi)와 깔따구 sp2.(Chironomidae sp.2)가 우점하는 것으로 분석되었으며, 네점하루살이 (Ecdyonurus levis), 민하루살이 (Cincticostella levanidovae), 민강도래 KUa (Nemoura KUa) 등이 우점종으로 분석된 상 하류 지점과 차이를 나타냈다. 섭식기능군 분석 결과 상류와 혼합역에서 Gathering-Collectors, 하류에서는 Filtering-Collectors의 비율이 가장 높은 것으로 분석되었고, 상류에서 하류로 갈수록 Shredders의 비율이 감소하였다. 서식기능군은 Clingers와 Burrowers가 대부분을 차지하였으며, 상류에서 하류로 갈수록 Clingers의 비율이 높아지는 것으로 분석되었다. 하천 건강성 평가 결과 평균 2.73 (${\pm}0.41$)으로 혼합역에서 가장 불량한 상태를 나타내는 것으로 분석되었다. 수온과 냉수성종의 상관성 분석 결과 수온이 증가할수록 냉수성 선호종 및 EPT-group은 감소하는 것으로 분석되었다. 혼합역에 유입되는 고온의 방류수는 하천생태계에 교란을 일으키는 요인으로써 저서성 대형무척추동물 군집과 냉수성 선호종 및 민감종의 분포에 부정적인 영향을 미치고 있는 것으로 판단된다.

뇌동정맥성 기형의 외부방사선 치료 효과 (The Effect of External Radiation Therapy for Intracrania1 Arteriovenous Malformation - Conventional Radiation Therapy vs Stereotactic Radiosurgery -)

  • 김인아;장홍석;유미령;윤세철;김문찬;신경섭;박용휘
    • Radiation Oncology Journal
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    • 제9권1호
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    • pp.53-58
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    • 1991
  • 가톨릭의대 방사선치료실에서는 1987년 2월부터 1990년 7월까지 41개월 동안에 뇌동정맥성 기형으로 확진된 17예에 대해서 6MV선형가속기를 사용하여 SAD법으로 외부방사선 치료를 시행하였다. 치료방법은 총 14예중 4예 $(24\%)$에 대해서는 보통분할방식으로, 13예 $(70\%)$는 정위다방향 고선량 단일 조사로 치료하였다. 이들의 임상적 및 방사선학적 추적검사를 분석하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 연령분포는 $10\sim51$세 (중앙값 26세)였고, 남녀 비는 14 : 3으로 나타났다. 2.주증상은 두통이 12예$(70.1\%)$, 경련 5예$(29.4\%)$, 편부전마비 4예$(23.5\%)$ 등의 순이었고, 파열에 따른 출혈을 동반한 경우가 5예 $(29.4\%)$있었다. 3. 각 뇌동정맥성 기형은 중뇌동맥 분지에서 기원한 경우가 7예$(41.2\%)$, 전뇌동맥 3예$(17.6\%)$, 후뇌동맥 2예 $(11.8\%)$, 전뇌 및 후동맥 1예 $(5.9\%)$순으로 나타났다. 4. 보통 분할방식 치료군의 조사량은 $3,020\sim4,500\;cGy/3\sim4$주, 정위다방향 단일고선량 치료는 $1,200\sim3,000$ cGy를 조사하였다. 5. 추적조사기간은 보통분할방식 치료군이 $4\sim43$개월 (중앙값 33개월), 정위 다방향 단일고선량 치료군이 $3\sim21$개월(중앙값 13개월)이었다. 6. 보통분할방식 치료군중 방사선학 추적검사를 실시한 2예에서는 경미한 반응을 보였고, 임상적 추적만을 실시한 2예 중 1예에서는 임상중상의 호전을 보였다. 7. 정위다방향 고선량 단일치료군은 13명 전예에서 방사선학적 추적 검사상 완전반응 2예 $(15.4\%)$, 부분반응 5예 $(38.5\%)$, 경미반응 2예 $(15.4\%)$, 무반응 4예 $(30.7\%)$로 각각 나타났으며, 임상증상의 호전을 보였다.

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