• Title/Summary/Keyword: Feeding level

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Effect of Dietary Protein and Fiber on Ethanol-induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats (흰쥐의 에탄올성 간장해에 미치는 식이 단백질과 섬유소의 영향)

  • 조수열;박은미;이미경;장주연;김명주
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.26 no.4
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    • pp.675-681
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    • 1997
  • This study was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary protein and fiber levels on the activities of ethanol metabolizing enzymes of liver in ethanol-treated rats. Sprague-Dawley male rats were fed on diets containing two levels of protein(7, 20%/kg diet) and pectin(5, 10%/kg diet). In ethanol experiments, ethanol(25% v/v) was administered by oral intubation(5g/kg body weight) at the same time once a day Control animals received an isocaloric dose of sucrose. The rats were sacrificed after 5 weeks of feeding periods. Alcohol dehydrogenase and microsomal ethanol oxidizing system activities of hepatic tissue were increased more in ethanol-treated groups than in control groups. Increment of activities predominated in normal protein normal fiber group. Aldehyde dehydrogenase activity was decreased in ethanol-treated groups and significantly decreased in normal Protein normal fiber group. Cytochrome P-450 content was significantly increased in ethanol-treated groups and Predominated in normal protein groups. Xanthine oxidase activity was increased in ethanol-treated groups, but not significantly except normal protein normal fiber group. Glutathione content tended to increase in proportion to level of dietary protein and was higher in normal fiber groups than in high fiber groups, whereas it was decreased by ethanol treatment. Lipid Peroxide content was significantly increased in low Protein normal fiber groups.

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Protective Effects of Extracts of Protaetia brevitarsis on Carbon tetrachloride-induced Hepatotoxicity in the Mice (사염화탄소에 의해 유발된 흰쥐의 간독성에 미치는 흰점박이꽃무지 추출물의 간보호 효과)

  • Chon, Jeong-Woo;Kweon, HaeYong;Jo, You-Young;Yeo, Joo Hong;Lee, Heui Sam
    • Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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    • v.50 no.2
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    • pp.93-100
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    • 2012
  • To investigate the effects of Protaetia. brevitarsis extracts on the protection against liver damage by carbon tetrachloride($CCl_4$) in rat, two kinds of experiment were performed, firstly by the primary hepatocyte culture and secondly by the animal feeding. The primary hepatocyte culture with the extracts of P.brevitarsis showed significantly low activities of GPT, bile acid, and bilirubin, indicating an excellent protective effect against liver damage by $CCl_4$. Especially, below molecular weight 1,000 blew the water to have 32.1% recovery degree. In the seconde experiment, serum GPT activity was significantly decreased in water fraction of P. brevitarsis compared to $CCl_4$ treatment by 98.2%. Serum concentration of bile acid and bilirubin were tended to increased by $CCl_4$ treatment, but water fraction of P. brevitarsis and silymarin recovered the level. These consistent results in vitro and in vivo suggest that the extracts of P. brevitarsis may have strong protective effects against liver damage induced by the potential toxicants such as $CCl_4$.

Differences in Associated Factors according to the Time of Occurrence of Pressure Ulcers in Intensive Care Unit Patients (중환자실 환자의 욕창 발생 시기에 따른 관련요인의 차이)

  • Lee, Mijung;Seo, Eunjeoung;Kim, Miok;Park, Jeongok;Lee, Seonmi;Shin, Hyunkyung;Yun, Ilsim;Cho, Mina;Cho, Youngcha;Kang, Bomi;Seo, Hyunmi;Lee, Misoon;Lee, Sira;Jang, Hyejoo;Jung, Hyunsuk;Ahn, Jeong-Ah
    • Journal of Korean Critical Care Nursing
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    • v.14 no.3
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    • pp.26-36
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    • 2021
  • Purpose : This study aimed to present the incidence of pressure ulcers and identify different associated factors according to the time of occurrence of pressure ulcers in intensive care unit (ICU) patients. Methods : The participants were 313 patients who reported pressure ulcers among 2,908 patients in ICUs at a large tertiary hospital in Gyeonggi-do. Among them, 220 patients (70.3%) had a pressure ulcer before admission, and 93 patients (29.7%) reported newly developed pressure ulcers after admission to the ICU. Data were collected between August 2018 and April 2019. Along with the time of occurrence and characteristics of pressure ulcers, diverse associated factors were gathered through electronic medical records. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent t-tests, and 𝑥2-tests. Results : Different risk factors associated with pressure ulcers in ICU patients according to the time of occurrence were main diagnosis, score of acute physiology and chronic health evaluation, score of Richmond agitation sedation scale, level of consciousness, administered sedatives, use of a ventilator, insertion of a feeding tube, and the duration of fasting period. Conclusion : Based on the results of this study, healthcare providers, especially ICU nurses, should try to detect early signs and symptoms of pressure ulcers, taking into account the derived factors associated with pressure ulcers in ICU patients. Practical intervention programs and strategies considering the factors associated with pressure ulcers must be developed to prevent and alleviate such ulcers in ICU patients in the future.

Prevention of vibriosis in sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax using ginger nanoparticles and Saccharomyces cerevisiae

  • Korni, Fatma M.M.;Sleim, Al Shimaa A.;Abdellatief, Jehan I.;Abd-elaziz, Rehab A.
    • Journal of fish pathology
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    • v.34 no.2
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    • pp.185-199
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    • 2021
  • Vibriosis is an important septicemic bacterial disease that affects a variety of commercial fish species, including cultured Dicentrarchus labrax. Nanotechnology has become an important modern tool for fish diseases prevention. Furthermore, nanomaterials have the ability to prevent and treat fish diseases. The current study was aimed to identify the causative agent of massive mortality of D. labrax commercial farm in Alexandria, Egypt. Experimental infection and the median lethal dose (LD50) of pathogenic isolate were assessed. Also, the effect of ginger nanoparticles (GNPs) and Sacchromyces cerevisiae as feed additives for prevention of vibriosis in D. labrax was carried out. Similarly, the tissue immunstimulant genes, IL-1β and TLR2 were measured in the spleen of feeding groups. The clinical signs of naturally diseased D. labrax showed corneal opacity and paleness of gills with excessive mucous secretion. The post-mortem abnormalities were severe hemorrhage and adhesion of internal organs. After bacteriological isolation and identification, the causative agent of mortality in the current study was Vibrio alginolyticus. The LD50 of V. alginolyticus was 1.5×105.4 CFU/ml. The experimentally infected D. labrax showed ulceration, exophthalmia and skin hemorrhages. The post-mortem findings of the experimentally infected D. labrax revealed internal hemorrhage, spleen darkness and paleness of liver. There is no mortality and 100% RPS in groups fed GNPs then injected with V. alginolyticus, in those fed a combination of GNPs and S. cerevisiae and a group fed normal diet then injected with physiological saline (control negative), respectively. Contrarily, there was 10% mortality and 87.5 RPS in the group fed S. cerevisae then injected with V. alginolyticus. On the other hand, the control positive group showed 79% mortality. The spleen IL-1β and TLR2 immunostimulant genes were significantly increased in groups of fish fed GNNP, S. cerevisiae and a combination of GNPs and S. cerevisiae, respectively compared to control group. The highest stimulation of those immunostimulant genes was found in the group fed a combination of GNPs and S. cerevisiae, while fish fed S. cerevisiae had the lowest level. Dietary combination of GNPs and S. cerevisiae was shown to be efficient in preventing of vibriosis, with greatest stimulation of spleen IL-1β and TLR2 immunostimulant genes.

Short Bowel Syndrome as the Leading Cause of Intestinal Failure in Early Life: Some Insights into the Management

  • Goulet, Olivier;Nader, Elie Abi;Pigneur, Benedicte;Lambe, Cecile
    • Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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    • v.22 no.4
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    • pp.303-329
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    • 2019
  • Intestinal failure (IF) is the critical reduction of the gut mass or its function below the minimum needed to absorb nutrients and fluids required for adequate growth in children. Severe IF requires parenteral nutrition (PN). Pediatric IF is most commonly due to congenital or neonatal intestinal diseases or malformations divided into 3 groups: 1) reduced intestinal length and consequently reduced absorptive surface, such as in short bowel syndrome (SBS) or extensive aganglionosis; 2) abnormal development of the intestinal mucosa such as congenital diseases of enterocyte development; 3) extensive motility dysfunction such as chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction syndromes. The leading cause of IF in childhood is the SBS. In clinical practice the degree of IF may be indirectly measured by the level of PN required for normal or catch up growth. Other indicators such as serum citrulline have not proven to be highly reliable prognostic factors in children. The last decades have allowed the development of highly sophisticated nutrient solutions consisting of optimal combinations of macronutrients and micronutrients as well as guidelines, promoting PN as a safe and efficient feeding technique. However, IF that requires long-term PN may be associated with various complications including infections, growth failure, metabolic disorders, and bone disease. IF Associated Liver Disease may be a limiting factor. However, changes in the global management of IF pediatric patients, especially since the setup of intestinal rehabilitation centres did change the prognosis thus limiting "nutritional failure" which is considered as a major indication for intestinal transplantation (ITx) or combined liver-ITx.

Effect of Dietary Energy Levels and Bedding Materials on Performance, Meat Quality and Foot Pad Score of Male and Female Slow-Growing Korean Meat-Type Chicken (Hanhyop 3) (사료 에너지 수준과 깔짚 종류가 한협 3호 육계의 암·수별 성장, 육질, Foot Pad Score에 미치는 영향)

  • Lee, Jun Yeop;Lee, Myung Ho;Song, Yong Han;Lee, Jong In;Ohh, Sang Jip
    • Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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    • v.45 no.4
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    • pp.273-283
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    • 2018
  • Two diet energy levels (high or low) and two bedding material (rice husk or saw dust) treatments were designed for either male or female slow-growing Korean meat-type chicken (Hanhyop 3) to make totally eight treatments for 11~75 d feeding trial. Body weight gain (BWG) were influenced by energy levels, sex of bird and bedding material type. There were interaction effect among those three factors. Feed intakes (FI) by male bird during each and overall periods were higher than those by female. Diet energy levels and bedding material affected the FI only during final 56~75 d period, of which FI of high energy diet was higher in male whereas that of low energy diet was higher in female. Although feed conversion ratio (FCR) was improved by high energy diet, the better FCR has dissipated during 41~75 d, when the most of overall BWG were achieved. Apparent total tract retention (ATTR) of nutrients were higher in male than those in female birds with exception on fat ATTR. Fat ATTR was improved when fed low energy diet regardless of the sex of birds. Both energy levels and sex of bird influenced the color of breast. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) value of female thigh was higher than that of male. Levels of moisture and P in female thigh were lower although level of fat in female breast was higher than those in male, respectively. This study showed that diet energy levels for Hanhyop 3 chicken, especially during 41~75 d, should be differently formulated between male and female bird.

Potential to mitigate ammonia emission from slurry by increasing dietary fermentable fiber through inclusion of tropical byproducts in practical diets for growing pigs

  • Nguyen, Quan Hai;Le, Phung Dinh;Chim, Channy;Le, Ngoan Duc;Fievez, Veerle
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • v.32 no.4
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    • pp.574-584
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    • 2019
  • Objective: Research was conducted to test the effect of including fiber-rich feedstuffs in practical pig diets on nutrient digestibility, nitrogen balance and ammonia emissions from slurry. Methods: Three Vietnamese fiber sources were screened, namely cassava leaf meal (CL), cassava root residue (CR), and tofu by-product (TF). Accordingly, a control diet (Con) with 10% of dietary non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) and three test diets including one of the three fiber-rich feedstuffs to reach 15% of NSP were formulated. All formulated diets had the same level of crude protein (CP), in vitro ileal protein digestible and metabolisable energy, whereas the in vitro hindgut volatile fatty acid (VFA) production of the test diets was 12% to 20% higher than the control diet. Forty growing barrows with initial body weight at $28.6{\pm}1.93kg$ ($mean{\pm}standard$ deviation) were allocated to the four treatments. When pigs reached about 50 kg of body weight, four pigs from each treatment were used for a nitrogen balance trial and ammonia emission assessment, the remaining six pigs continued the second period of the feeding trial. Results: The TF treatment increased fecal VFA by 33% as compared with the control treatment (p = 0.07), suggesting stimulation of the hindgut fermentation. However, urinary N was not significantly reduced or shifted to fecal N, nor was slurry pH decreased. Accordingly, ammonia emissions were not mitigated. CR and CL treatments failed to enhance in vivo hindgut fermentation, as assessed by fecal VFA and purine bases. On the contrary, the reduction of CP digestibility in the CL treatment enhanced ammonia emissions from slurry. Conclusion: Dietary inclusion of cassava and tofu byproducts through an increase of dietary NSP from 10% to 15% might stimulate fecal VFA excretion but this does not guarantee a reduction in ammonia emissions from slurry, while its interaction with protein digestibility even might enhance enhanced ammonia emission.

Oil supplementation improved growth and diet digestibility in goats and sheep fed fattening diet

  • Candyrine, Su Chui Len;Jahromi, Mohammad Faseleh;Ebrahimi, Mahdi;Chen, Wei Li;Rezaei, Siamak;Goh, Yong Meng;Abdullah, Norhani;Liang, Juan Boo
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • v.32 no.4
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    • pp.533-540
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    • 2019
  • Objective: This study evaluated the growth, digestibility and rumen fermentation between goats and sheep fed a fattening diet fortified with linseed oil. Methods: Twelve 3 to 4 months old male goats and sheep were randomly allocated into two dietary treatment groups in a $2(species){\times}2$ (oil levels) factorial experiment. The treatments were: i) goats fed basal diet, ii) goats fed oil-supplemented diet, iii) sheep fed basal diet, and iv) sheep fed oil-supplemented diet. Each treatment group consisted of six animals. Animals in the basal diet group were fed with 30% alfalfa hay and 70% concentrates at a rate equivalent to 4% of their body weight. For the oil treatment group, linseed oil was added at 4% level (w:w) to the concentrate portion of the basal diet. Growth performance of the animals was determined fortnightly. Digestibility study was conducted during the final week of the feeding trial before the animals were slaughtered to obtain rumen fluid for rumen fermentation characteristics study. Results: Sheep had higher (p<0.01) average daily weight gain (ADG) and better feed conversion ratio (FCR) than goats. Oil supplementation did not affect rumen fermentation in both species and improved ADG by about 29% and FCR by about 18% in both goats and sheep. The above enhancement is consistent with the higher dry matter and energy digestibility (p<0.05), as well as organic matter and neutral detergent fiber digestibility (p<0.01) in animals fed oil- supplemented diet. Sheep had higher total volatile fatty acid production and acetic acid proportion compared to goat. Conclusion: The findings of this study suggested that sheep performed better than goats when fed a fattening diet and oil supplementation at the inclusion rate of 4% provides a viable option to significantly enhance growth performance and FCR in fattening sheep and goats.

Comparison of the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, fecal microflora, blood profiles, and meat quality of broilers, Korean native chickens and white semi broilers under an identical breeding environment

  • Oh, Han Jin;Kim, Kwon Jung;Bae, In Kyu;Yun, Won;Lee, Ji Hwan;Lee, Chang Hee;Kwak, Woo Gi;Liu, Shudong;An, Ji Seon;Yang, Seung Hun;Kim, Gok Mi;Choi, Yang il;Cho, Jin Ho
    • Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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    • v.46 no.2
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    • pp.351-359
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    • 2019
  • The purpose of this study was to compare the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, fecal microflora, blood profiles and meat quality of broilers, Korean native chickens and white semi broilers under identical feeding conditions. Sixty 1-d chicks of each type were randomly placed into 12 pens per cage (5 chicks per cage) and fed commercial diets for 28, 49, and 28 days, respectively. The broilers showed a significantly higher (p < 0.05) growth performance from 0 to 4 weeks compared with the other types. Korean native chickens had a significantly higher (p < 0.05) digestibility of dry matter and nitrogen than that of the other species. The blood glucose was significantly higher in the Korean native chickens compared to the other species, and the blood cholesterol was significantly lower. The Lactobacillus content in Korean native chickens was significantly higher (p < 0.05) compared to the other species, and the E. coli content in the broilers was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than in the Korean native chickens and white semi broilers. In terms of meat quality, the breast meat of the broilers had a high water content and pH level. The breast meat of the white semi broilers had a significantly lower (p < 0.05) shear force than that of the other species. In conclusion, there was an interspecific physiological difference due to the age and body weight of the chickens. The broilers had a higher growth performance and meat quality compared to the Korean native chickens and white semi broilers.

Effects of Dietary Energy and Levels of Betaine on Nutrient Digestibility and Physiological Responses in Growing Pigs with Heat Stress (사료 내 에너지 수준 및 비테인 첨가 급여가 고온기 육성돈의 영양소 소화율 및 생리학적 변화에 미치는 영향)

  • Min, Ye Jin;Jeong, Yong Dae;Kim, Doo Wan;Lee, Su Hyup;Kim, Ki Hyun;Yu, Dong Jo;Kim, Young Hwa
    • ANNALS OF ANIMAL RESOURCE SCIENCES
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    • v.28 no.2
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    • pp.56-63
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    • 2017
  • This study was conducted to determine the effects of supplementary levels of dietary betaine and energy on nutrient digestibility and physiological responses in growing pigs exposed to heat stress. A total of 12 barrows ($L{\times}Y{\times}D$; initial BW, $67.1{\pm}0.98kg$) were allocated into individual metabolic crates. Experimental design was a $4{\times}4$ Latin square with dietary energy and betaine levels (3,300 and 3,400 kcal/kg; 0 and 0.5%, respectively) and the experimental period (n=4). Feeding trial was performed during summer season (July and August). Digestibility of crude fat was higher (p<0.01) in the ME 3,400 kcal/kg than the ME 3,300 kcal/kg, but did not differ by betaine (p>0.05). Blood corpuscles and biochemical components were not influenced by dietary energy and betaine levels (p>0.05). Serum IgG was greater (p<0.05) in the ME 3,400 kcal/kg than the ME 3,300 kcal/kg, but cortisol was not differ among the treatment groups (p>0.05). In conclusion, our results showed positive effects by energy levels rather than betaine. Thus, further study need investigation of effects of high energy level in the pigs exposed to heat stress.