• Journal of Appropriate Technology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.51-58
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• 2021

This study proposes the design and implementation of a low-cost emergency ventilator which can be helpful during the COVID-19 pandemic where the supply of automatic ventilators is not smooth compared with the urgent demand worldwide. Easy implementation and lower price were made possible by using AMBU-bag and off-the-shelf embedded micro-controller board. Moreover, while 3D printing is used by companies and experts around the world to build prototype hardware, materials which are readily available from surrounding environments so that people in countries where it is difficult to access many advanced technologies could manufacture the system. The design features AMBU-bag automation, not use 3D printing, and it can contrl speed. By allowing speed control, ventilation can be performed according to the conditions of the patient being used. A complementary point in the study is that it is difficult to fix the start point of the wiper motor used first. A method for complementing this is a method for replacing the brush DC motor with a position feedback function. Secondly, the AMBU-bag may wear out in the long-term process of compressing the AMBU-bag because the arm and the fixing frame are made of wood. To complement this, the part of fixing frame and arm parts that the AMBU-bag touches need to be wrapped in a material such as silicon to minimize friction.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.10-19
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• 2024

The purpose of this study is to conduct a summative evaluation of the usability of a general-purpose ventilator to determine whether it can be used for its intended purpose in the intended environment by the intended user and to find possible errors in use. The importance of ventilators has increased due to the accelerated aging of the population and the impact of the pandemic. In addition, patients who require ventilators are often in critical condition, so even a small error in use can be fatal. Therefore, it is important to ensure that the ventilator has sufficient stability and can be used satisfactorily without inconvenience to the user. In this study, we conducted a usability test with 17 respiratory nurses with more than 3 years of experience using the ventilator. We analyzed the task success rate, satisfaction, and opinions of the intended users while going through a total of 17 scenarios. Satisfaction was captured through an ASQ questionnaire and subjective opinions were captured through a detailed opinion questionnaire. The results showed a high level of satisfaction with an average score of 6.3 for the use scenarios. Evaluators expressed satisfaction with the overall visibility and versatility of the features, but noted that improvements were needed for calibration tasks with low task success rates. As the calibration method is different from other equipment, it was suggested that specific explanations of the calibration method and the picture that appears when calibrating are needed, and that if relevant training is provided, the equipment can be used without problems. If the usability evaluation is not limited to securing efficiency and satisfaction from the intended users, but also continuously receives feedback from users to prepare for use in emergency environments such as pandemic situations, it will be very helpful to seize opportunities such as emergency authorization in future situations, and ultimately contribute to patient safety by reducing use errors.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.31 no.8
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• pp.1092-1109
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to analyze of the effects of instructional supervision emphasizing reflective thinking on science teaching of elementary teachers. The participants in this study were two teachers. This study was divided in former, middle, and later periods, and consisted of monitoring their own teaching, interviewing, journal writing, discussion with peer teachers and teacher training. Data included descriptions of nine science classes, nine interviews, seven journals and the journals of the researcher. Data analysis tools were the frameworks of the questions, feedback, teaching methods, elements of teaching behavior, and reflection levels. This study employed qualitative research, analysis of the frequency of data, and quoting of descriptions related to the result. The results of this study were as follows: First, teachers showed mainly technical reflection, but changed to show more practical reflection, and critical reflection in the later period of instructional supervision. Second, instructional supervision emphasizing reflective thinking on science teaching for elementary teachers meaningfully changed the question, feedback, teaching methods and teaching elements of teachers. From the results of this study, instructional supervision emphasizing reflective thinking on science teaching for elementary teachers can be considered an effective method in improving teaching elementary science, and instructional supervision used in this study made possible the higher level of reflection and appropriate teaching behavior.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.285-294
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• 2014

This study investigates the effects of formative assessment utilizing mobile applications on interest and self-directedness in science instruction. The study subjects are two 6th grade classes from H elementary school located in Incheon, and the experimental group and the comparative group are composed of 21 students, respectively. The students from the experimental group have been taught with mobile devices while the comparative group has been taught in methods consistent with the current teaching standards. For the sake of research, the results of the method applied to the mobile device focus group have been edited using Google Drive Forms, entered as QR codes and stored in order for them to later be utilized for teaching and learning process. In the process, the teacher has provided the students with feedback based on their answers. The students of comparative group are to solve the same formative assessment in paper. As a result, the teacher of the mobile device focus group has been able to go through twenty-nine questions on formative assessment in the teaching and learning process, confirm the correct answers five times and provide feedback twenty-five times for additional explanation. In the inquiry about interest, the mobile device group scored 4.64 points and the standard one scored just 1.99 points (p<0.01). Fifteen students answered in the interview that and the major reason why they scored high has been because it was fun to study with mobile devices. When it comes to self-directedness over the process of teaching and learning, the mobile device focus group has answered positively but the standard group has scored relatively low (p<0.01).

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.3-14
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• 1999

Objective：This study was designed to investigate the difference between executive function of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder(ADHD) group and that of neurotics, and to investigate the developmental aspects of ADHD group's executive function. Method：Executive function between ADHD(N=87) and Neurotics(N=19) was evaluated through their performance on the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test. The results were analyzed by 2-way ANOVA and t-test. Results：The results revealed group difference between ADHD and neurotics in total correct reponses, total error responses, nonperseverative errors, number of categories completed, conceptual level responses. There was no significant difference between the performance of 8-12 aged group and 13-15 aged group. But 7-8 aged group showed significantly poor performance than 8-12 aged in total responses, total error responses, perseverative responses, perseverative error responses, nonperseverative error responses. Conclusions：In comparison to the neurotics group, the children of ADHD group are suggested to be lacking the ability to correct their responses according to the external feedback and they probably respond randomly without self-control. However, as there is no difference between perseverative errors and perseverative responses, the interpretation of this finding warrants caution. It also suggests that the developmental aspects should be considered in the studies of executive functions because there are differences in the performance of executive functions by ages.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.28 no.6C
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• pp.648-658
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• 2003

As the usage of image/video contents increase, a security problem for the payed image data or the ones requiring confidentiality is raised. This paper proposed an image encryption methodology to hide the image information. The target data of it is the result from quantization in wavelet domain. This method encrypts only part of the image data rather than the whole data of the original image, in which three types of data selection methodologies were involved. First, by using the fact that the wavelet transform decomposes the original image into frequency sub-bands, only some of the frequency sub-bands were included in encryption to make the resulting image unrecognizable. In the data to represent each pixel, only MSBs were taken for encryption. Finally, pixels to be encrypted in a specific sub-band were selected randomly by using LFSR(Linear Feedback Shift Register). Part of the key for encryption was used for the seed value of LFSR and in selecting the parallel output bits of the LFSR for random selection so that the strength of encryption algorithm increased. The experiments have been performed with the proposed methods implemented in software for about 500 images, from which the result showed that only about 1/1000 amount of data to the original image can obtain the encryption effect not to recognize the original image. Consequently, we are sure that the proposed are efficient image encryption methods to acquire the high encryption effect with small amount of encryption. Also, in this paper, several encryption scheme according to the selection of the sub-bands and the number of bits from LFSR outputs for pixel selection have been proposed, and it has been shown that there exits a relation of trade-off between the execution time and the effect of the encryption. It means that the proposed methods can be selectively used according to the application areas. Also, because the proposed methods are performed in the application layer, they are expected to be a good solution for the end-to-end security problem, which is appearing as one of the important problems in the networks with both wired and wireless sections.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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• v.15D no.2
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• pp.223-234
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• 2008

Recently the web service area provides the efficient integrated environment of the internal and external of corporation and enterprise that wants the introduction of it is increasing. Also the web service develops and the new business model appears, the domestic enterprise environment and e-business environment are changing caused by web service. The web service which provides the similar function increases, most the method which searches the suitable service in demand of the user is more considered seriously. When it needs to choose one among the similar web services, service consumer generally needs quality information of web service. The problem, however, is that the advertised QoS information of a web service is not always trustworthy. A service provider may publish inaccurate QoS information to attract more customers, or the published QoS information may be out of date. Allowing current customers to rate the QoS they receive from a web service, and making these ratings public, can provide new customers with valuable information on how to rank services. This paper suggests the agent-based quality broker architecture which helps to find a service providing the optimum quality that the consumer needs in a position of service consumer. It is able to solve problem which modify quality requirements of the consumer from providing the architecture it selects a web service to consumer dynamically. Namely, the consumer is able to search the service which provides the optimal quality criteria through UDDI browser which is connected in quality broker server. To quality criteria value decision of each service the user intervention is excluded the maximum. In the existing selection architecture, the objective evaluation was difficult in subjective class of service selecting of the consumer. But the proposal architecture is able to secure an objectivity with the quality criteria value decision where the agent monitors binding information in consumer location. Namely, it solves QoS information of service which provider does not provide with QoS information sharing which is caused by with feedback of consumer side agents.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.25
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• pp.695-721
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to provide the case study of expression education using story-telling about their cultures from which they came to the women who get interracial married and study korean cultures with the pride of their homeland. This research is also for the diverse members of korean society to deeply understand interracial married women, get higher understanding cultural diversities. And it is expected that these women could learn and study more korean cultures, too. In this study, process-based instruction method is used in the first step and second step such as brainstorming, questioning, discussing, investigating, teacher's asking in order to create some ideas about their home countries. Suggesting an example answer by teacher and free-writing are also involved. As the core of the process-based writing activity, the second step is focused on revising and correcting. Through reviewing their own writing task, feedback from teacher, interviewing from the difficulty of writing after this activity to cultural and linguistic backgrounds, they could appreciate their errors or mistakes in writing are natural and this affects their learning abilities positively. In third step which is focused on speaking activities, teacher provides feedback to learners after checking their common errors or habits in speaking. Meanwhile, by evaluating the role of the appraiser, It is helpful for the learners to have self-esteem of their own. When interviewing after fourth step's activities, the teacher compliments each learner's improvement while pointing out some errors. Afterward, We can see they show more positiveness to learn and understand korean cultures and set their identities. And they indicate interests and concerns each other's cultures by story-telling. It means they identify the popularity and interaction which the story-telling contains. Also, they confirm the participation in story-telling by expressing their willingness to revise their stories. After the activities in fifth step, there have been relatively positive changes in establishing identity and cultivating a sense of pride of learner's homeland cultures. Furthermore, we could find the strong will to be a story-teller about their homeland cultures. On this research, the effectiveness of expression education case study using story-telling about local cultures of interracial married women's homeland has been examined centrally focused on popularity, interaction, and participation. Afterward, interracial married women could not only cultivate the understanding about korean cultures but also establish their identity, improve their korean language skills through this education case study. Finally, the studies of the education programs to train interracial married women as story-tellers for their homeland local cultures are expected.

• Journal of Venture Innovation
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.51-65
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• 2021

The HR policy in the public sector was closed and operated mainly on written tests, but in 2006, a new evaluation, promotion and education system based on competence was introduced in the promotion and selection system of civil servants. In particular, the seniority-oriented promotion system was evaluated based on competence by operating an Assessment Center related to promotion. Competency evaluation is known to be the most reliable and valid evaluation method among the evaluation methods used to date and is also known to have high predictive feasibility for performance. In 2001, 19 government standard competency models were designed. In 2006, the competency assessment was implemented with the implementation of the high-ranking civil service team system. In the public sector, the purpose of the competency evaluation is mainly to select third-grade civil servants, assign fourth-grade civil servants, and promotion fifth-grade civil servants. However, competency assessments in the public sector differ in terms of competency assessment objectives, assessment processes and competency assessment programmes compared to those in the private sector. For the purposes of competency assessment, the public sector is for the promotion of candidates, and the private sector focuses on career development and fostering. Therefore, it is not continuously developing capabilities than the private sector and is not used to enhance performance in performing its duties. In relation to evaluation items, the public sector generally operates a system that passes capacity assessment at 2.5 out of 5 for 6 competencies, lacks feedback on what competencies are lacking, and the private sector uses each individual's competency score. Regarding the selection and operation of evaluators, the public sector focuses on fairness in evaluation, and the private sector focuses on usability, which is inconsistent with the aspect of developing capabilities and utilizing human resources in the right place. Therefore, the public sector should also improve measures to identify outstanding people and motivate them through capacity evaluation and change the operation of the capacity evaluation system so that they can grow into better managers through accurate reports and individual feedback

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.91-107
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• 2023

Lean startup is a concept that combines the words "lean," meaning an efficient way of running a business, and "startup," meaning a new business. It is often cited as a strategy for minimizing failure in early-stage businesses, especially in software-based startups. By scrutinizing the case of a startup L, this study suggests that lean startup methodology(LSM) can be useful for hardware and manufacturing companies and identifies ways for early startups to successfully implement LSM. To this end, the study explained the core of LSM including the concepts of hypothesis-driven approach, BML feedback loop, minimum viable product(MVP), and pivot. Five criteria to evaluate the successful implementation of LSM were derived from the core concepts and applied to evaluate the case of startup L . The early startup L pivoted its main business model from defecation alert system for patients with limited mobility to one for infants or toddlers, and finally to a smart bottle for infants. In developing the former two products, analyzed from LSM's perspective, company L neither established a specific customer value proposition for its startup idea and nor verified it through MVP experiment, thus failed to create a BML feedback loop. However, through two rounds of pivots, startup L discovered new target customers and customer needs, and was able to establish a successful business model by repeatedly experimenting with MVPs with minimal effort and time. In other words, Company L's case shows that it is essential to go through the customer-market validation stage at the beginning of the business, and that it should be done through an MVP method that does not waste the startup's time and resources. It also shows that it is necessary to abandon and pivot a product or service that customers do not want, even if it is technically superior and functionally complete. Lastly, the study proves that the lean startup methodology is not limited to the software industry, but can also be applied to technology-based hardware industry. The findings of this study can be used as guidelines and methodologies for early-stage companies to minimize failures and to accelerate the process of establishing a business model, scaling up, and going global.