• Animal Bioscience
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• v.36 no.8
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• pp.1252-1262
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• 2023

Objective: Microencapsulation technologies have been developed and successfully applied to protect the probiotic bacterial cells damaged by environmental exposure. This study aimed to investigate the effects of microencapsulation of Lactobacillus plantarum MB001 on the growth performance, ileal nutrient digestibility, jejunal histomorphology and cecal microbiome of broiler chickens in a tropical climate. Methods: A total of 288 one-day-old female broilers (Ross 308) were randomly allocated into 4 groups (6 replicates of 12 birds). Treatments included, i) a basal diet (NC), ii) NC + avilamycin (10 mg/kg) (PC), iii) NC + non-encapsulated L. plantarum MB001 (1×10⁸ colony-forming unit [CFU]/kg of diet) (N-LP), iv) NC + microencapsulated L. plantarum MB001 (1×10⁸ CFU/kg of diet) (ME-LP). Results: Dietary supplementation of ME-LP improved average daily gain, and feed conversion ratio of broilers throughout the 42-d trial period (p<0.05), whereas ME-LP did not affect average daily feed intake compared with NC group. Both N-LP and ME-LP improved apparent ileal digestibility of crude protein and ether extract compared with NC group (p<0.05). The broilers fed ME-LP supplemented diet exhibited a beneficial effect on jejunal histomorphology of villus height (VH), crypt depth (CD) and villus height to crypt depth ratio (VH:CD) of broilers compared to NC group (p<0.05). At the phylum level, Firmicutes was enriched (p<0.05) and Proteobacteria was decreased (p<0.05) only in the ME-LP group. At the genus level, the ME-LP diets increased (p<0.05) the number of both Lactobacillus and Enterococcus compared to NC, PC, and N-LP groups (p<0.05). Conclusion: Microencapsulation assists the efficient functioning of probiotics. ME-LP could be potentially used as a feed additive for improvement of cecal microbiota, gut integrity and nutrient utilization, leading to better performance of broilers.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.349-356
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• 1999

Type C botulism was broken out in cattle at Pochun country, Kyonggi in Korea. The main cause was on the feed of fermented food contaminated with Clostridium botulinum. It was supposed to be contaminated with C botulinum during producing the fermented food because of either using contaminated food residues or adding contaminated additive materials like sausage. One hundred and twenty out of 642 cattle in 11 farms showed typical botulism symptoms and 95 among them died. The incubation period was from 2 to 14 days and the average incubation period was 8 days. The mortality in this case was 18.3%.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.62 no.5
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• pp.761-763
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• 2020

Here we report the complete genome sequence of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens ATC6, which produces acidic cellulase, isolated from pig feces. The genome is 4,062,817 bp in length and has a guanine-cytosine (GC) content of 46.27%. Among the predicted 3,913 protein-coding genes, two glucanase genes, which are involved in lichenan and cellulose degradation, were found. This genome analysis helps clarify the mechanism involved in cellulose biodegradation and support its application for efficient use of livestock feeds.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.263-267
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• 2003

Solid-state fermentation of lovastatin by Aspergillus terreus was investigated using commercially available 1.2 L polypropylene bottle designed for mushroom cultivation. Moist solid raw materials such as com, rice, and soy bean were tested and com was found to be most suitable for an economical production of lovastatin. 50% or higher water addition prior to the sterilization of com was effective for the maximal lovastatin production. About 0.5% (w/w) lovastatin content in dried cells and corn mass was obtained after 20 days of solid-state fermentation at 30$^{\circ}C$. For safety concerns, aflatoxin Bl and citrinin levels after fermentation were assayed but they were not detected. Lovastatin containing cells and corn residue after fermentation were autoclaved, dried, crushed, and fed to chicken for a period of 3 weeks. Approximately 20% reduction of blood cholesterol level of chicken was observed.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.24 no.10
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• pp.1405-1412
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• 2014

Lysozyme is a protein found in egg white, tears, saliva, and other secretions. As a marketable natural alternative to preservatives, lysozyme can act as a natural antibiotic. In this study, we have isolated Bacillus licheniformis TIB320 from soil, which contains a lysozyme gene with various features. We have cloned and expressed the lysozyme in E. coli. The antimicrobial activity of the lysozyme showed that it had a broad antimicrobial spectrum against several standard strains. The lysozyme could maintain efficient activities in a pH range between 3 and 9 and from $20^{\circ}C$ to $60^{\circ}C$, respectively. The lysozyme was resistant to pepsin and trypsin to some extent at $40^{\circ}C$. Production of the lysozyme was optimized by using various expression strategies in B. subtilis WB800. The lysozyme from B. licheniformis TIB320 will be promising as a food or feed additive.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2002.04a
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• pp.224-227
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• 2002

Colistin produced from Penibacillius polymyxa was widely used as an antibiotic active against gram-negative bacteria and as feed additive. This research studied on increment of colistin productivity by mutation of P. polymyxa. As a result, several mutants were obtained from the strain by UV radiation and NTG treatment. They produced approximately 8.5${\sim}$9.0 g/L of colistin in flask and jar culture. Colistin productivity of the mutant, named Penibacillius polymyxa CBY, showed 100 times than that of wild type. When Penibacillius polymyxa CBY fermented in the optimal medium, it produced up to 18 g/L of colistin in jar fermentation.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2014.11a
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• pp.409-410
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• 2014

사료첨가제는 배합사료에 첨가되어 소화력 향상, 병원균 저감, 지방 대사 개선, 항산화 효과, 독성 물질 제거 등의 효과를 나타내며, 종류에는 보존제, 아미노산제, 비타민제, 생균제, 효소제 등이 있다. 국내외 시장성장률을 보면 각각 5.1%, 3.5%를 나타내며, 국내시장은 해외시장의 약 2%를 차지한다. 사료첨가제는 소득 수준과, 육류 소비량, 애완 동물 수요 증가에 영향을 받는 산업이며, 해외 주요 업체들은 합병과 통합을 통해 관련 사업을 수직/수평 계열화하고 있다. 기술적인 흐름을 살펴보면, 천연 추출물에 의한 제품 개발, 저가 제품, 복합 기능성 맞춤형 첨가제 등의 니즈에 따라 관련 제품의 기술 개발이 활발히 이루어지고 있다.

• Mass Spectrometry Letters
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.36-41
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• 2023

A simple method was developed to determine residual p-arsanilic acid (ASA), an organo-arsenic compound used as a feed additive, in aquatic products (eel, halibut, and shrimp) using EDTA-assisted solvent extraction and LC-MRM. The method was successfully validated in terms of specificity, linearity (coefficient of determination ≥ 0.995), accuracy (recovery or R, 72.72-78.73%), precision (the relative standard deviation of R, 2.08-6.98%), and sensitivity (the lower limit of quantitation, 5 ppb) according to CODEX guidelines (CAC-GL 71-2009). The use of EDTA in the extraction solvent and water with a suitable pH modifier as the reconstitution solvent may be the key factors for successful results. This is the first method that can be used for monitoring residual ASA in aquatic products using LC-MRM and could contribute to establishing a better aquatic product safety management system.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.180-187
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• 2015

This study was conducted to determine the effects of feeding by-product feed (BF)-based silage on the performance, blood metabolite parameters, and carcass characteristics of Hanwoo steers. The BF-based silage was composed of 50% spent mushroom substrate, 21% recycled poultry bedding, 15% cut ryegrass straw, 10.8% rice bran, 2% molasses, 0.6% bentonite, and 0.6% microbial additive (on a wet basis), and ensiled for over 5 d. Fifteen steers were allocated to three diets during the growing and fattening periods (3.1 and 9.8 months, respectively): a control diet (concentrate mix and free access to rice straw), a 50% BF-based silage diet (control diet+50% of maximum BF-based silage intake), and a 100% BF-based silage diet (the same amount of concentrate mix and ad libitum BF-based silage). The BF-based silage was fed during the growing and fattening periods, and was replaced with larger particles of rice straw during the finishing period. After 19.6 months of the whole period all the steers were slaughtered. Compared with feeding rice straw, feeding BF-based silage tended (p = 0.10) to increase the average daily gain (27%) and feed efficiency (18%) of the growing steers, caused by increased voluntary feed intake. Feeding BF-based silage had little effect on serum constituents, electrolytes, enzymes, or the blood cell profiles of fattening steers, except for low serum Ca and high blood urea concentrations (p<0.05). Feeding BF-based silage did not affect cold carcass weight, yield traits such as back fat thickness, longissimus muscle area, yield index or yield grade, or quality traits such as meat color, fat color, texture, maturity, marbling score, or quality grade. However, it improved good quality grade (1+ and 1++) appearance rates (60% for the control group vs 100% for the BF-based silage-fed groups). In conclusion, cheap BF-based silage could be successfully used as a good quality roughage source for beef cattle.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.112-117
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• 2009

This study were conducted to investigate the effects of several additives in experimental diets on the growth, feed utilization and body composition of juvenile and grower rockfish. Three replicates of juveniles (3.6 g/fish) and two replicates growers (166 g/fish) were fed the experimental diets containing herb medicines mixture, Artemisia asiatica and Epimedium koreanum for 8 weeks. Dietary supplementation with herb medicines mixture had no beneficial effects on growth and feed utilization of juvenile fish. Weight gain, daily feed intake, condition factor and hepatosomatic index of grower fish fed the diet were not affected by dietary additive (P>0.05). Peed efficiency and protein efficiency ratio of grower fish fed the diet containing herb medicines mixture were significantly higher than those of fish fed the control diet (P<0.05), but not significantly different from fish fed the diet containing A. asiatica and E. koreanum (P>0.05). Proximate analysis of whole body, muscle, viscera and liver in the juvenile and grower were not affected by dietary additives (P>0.05). The results of this study suggest that feed efficiency and protein efficiency ratio of grower rockfish may improved by herb medicines mixture supplementation in the diet.