• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.170-175
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• 1995

Physical and physiological properties of isomaltooligosaccaride (IMO), fructooligosaccharide (FO) and sucrose were investigated. The viscosity and moisture retention power of IMO were similar to those of FO. IMO had an excellent heat and pH stability compared with FO and sucrose. To investigate the effect of oligosaccharides on the growth of mice, each sample was administered orally to mice for 2 weeks. Weight change, moisture content of feces, weight of appendix and the ratio of Bifidobacterium to total microorganisms in the feces were examined. There were no significant differences in the weight increases and the efficiency of feeds. Moisture content of feces was highest in the IMO feeding group, and IMO promoted selectively the growth of Bifidobacterium. On the other hand, FO group showed bigger cecum than other groups.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.100-105
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• 1988

A biofertilizer, having been deordorized and showing promotive effect on plant growth, was manufactured from the rice straw and hen feces by use of Thermoactinomycetes vulgaris. This strain grew vigorously on rice straw mixed with unsterilized hen feces at $50^{\circ}C,\;pH\;8.0{\sim}8.5$ and moisture content of 60% and got rid hen feces of malodour during treatment. The growth of plant(Brassica raga var. previdis) was experimented on humic volcanic ash soil, using pot in thermostatically controlled greenhouse. The biofertilizer was applied as N-fertilizer and air-dried lien feces or ammonium sulfate were used for comparison with the biofertilizer. The effect on. plant growth was evaluated on the basis of the amount of nitrogen as fertilizer, under a loading of 0.1g N/pot, all samples showed a promotion effect of plant growth. But ammonium sulfate and air-dried hen feces inhibited plant growth at the nitrogen content over 0.2 and 0.4g N/pot, respectively, whereas the biofertilizer showed a good promotion effect on plant growth without growth inhibition even at nitrogen content of 0.8g N/pot.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.540-542
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• 2005

Juice Valley and Gogu Valley were administered to twelve healthy young volunteers for 4 weeks to study their clinical effects on human intestinal microflora. Changes in fecal microflora, fecal moisture, and fecal pH were observed for Juice Valley intake. Administration of Juice Valley significantly increased numbers of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus from 8.69 and 7.02 to 10.89 and 9.02 (Log CFU/g wet feces), respectively, whereas those of Clostridium perfringens and Escherichia coli decreased. Moisture content of feces increased, and fecal pH decreased after 4 weeks of Juice Valley intake, intake of Gogu Valley slightly increased growth responses of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus and decreased growth responses of C. perfringens and E. coli. Su-mi potato, as a reference, had no effect on Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus numbers. This study confirmed Juice Valley has better effects than Gogu Valley and Su-mi, and has important role on growth promotion and inhibition of human intestinal bacteria.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.55-61
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• 1998

Cow feces excreted in cold season should be managed and composted properly, because the composted feces is distributed to pasture or cultivated land as a fertilizer in spring. Generally it is admitted that the effect of composting is suppressed by low temperature in cold season. In this study, composting piles were warmed by hot air until temperature of compost piles were reached at 35∼40$^{\circ}C$, to compare composting effect of experimental compost pile to control pile exposed in cold air. Some results obtained from the experiment during composting of cow feces mixed with bulking agent provide a possibility of active composting of organic matters in cold season. The biodegradation ratios of organic matter during composting in four types of composts were 10.2% for the rice straw, 7.7% for the rice hull, 6.4% for the sawdust and 4.3% for the control. The highest temperatures of compost piles during composting period were 76$^{\circ}C$ in sawdust, 80$^{\circ}C$ in rice hull, 68$^{\circ}C$ in rice straw, 45$^{\circ}C$ in control. Moisture content, pH, C/N, volume of compost were decreased during composting period, but EC value was increased with ionization of organic molecular by fermentation.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.107-110
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• 2002

This study was carried out to investigate the quantity of Holstein dry cow manure excreted and their characteristics. The results obtained in this study were summarized as follow; The average body weight of the Holstein dry cow during experiment was 619.9kg. The feed intake(DM basis) and water consumption was 10.7, 38.6kg/day/head, repectively. The manure production of Holstein dry cow was 44.8kg/day/head (feces 26.9, urine 17.9kg). The moisture content of feces and urine was 84.5%, 95.3%, respectively. Wastewater pollutant concentration of $BOD_5$(Biochemical Oxygen demand), $COD_{Mn}$ (Chemical Oxygen demand), SS(Suspended Solids), T-N(Total Nitrogen) and T-P(Total Phosphorus), excreted from Holstein dry cow was 16,874,55,763, 87,333, 2,353, $368mg/{\ell}$ in feces and 5,621, 8,673, 518, 2,423, $3mg/{\ell}$ in urine, repectively. The fertilizer content of manure, N(Nitrogen), $P_2O_5$(Phosphoric acid) and $K_2O$(Potassium oxide) was 0.24, 0.08, 0.15% in feces and 0.24, 0.001, 0.30% in urine, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.25-32
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• 2022

This study was conducted to produce a nutrient-balanced complex fertilizer using compost from laying hens fed with phytase levels. A total of 30 laying hens were randomly assigned in individual cages. The dietary treatments were fed from 51 to 60 wks of age, and included a phytase; 0, 1,000, and 2,000 FTU/kg in basal diets. Fresh feed (110 g) and drinking water were supplied to the laying hens every day. Feces from hens were collected daily and analyzed for N, P₂O₅, and K₂O after compost maturity. This result showed there was no difference on the fecal excretion per feed intake of laying hens supplemented with phytase levels in the diets. On the other hand, the excretions of dried feces, N, P₂O₅, and K₂O were significantly (P<0.05) reduced in 2,000 FTU/kg treatment than 0, 1,000 FTU/kg treatments. There was no difference on the compost composition and nutrient contents in compound fertilizer using compost from hens fed dietary phytase levels. However, compost content in the fertilizer was 69.6~71.6% when compost of 25~30% moisture content was used, and 13.0~47.1% at compost of 40~60% moisture content. As a result of this study, it was confirmed that hen's compost controlled moisture content could be produced as a nutrient-balanced compound fertilizer.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.601-607
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• 2002

The present study was designed to examine how sea tangle intake contributes to the content of bone calcium and breaking force of femur with growing female rats. Weaned rats were fed on experimental diets consisting in four levels of sea tangle powder; $0\%$ (control), $0.5\%$, $1.0\%$ and $1.5\%$ for 4 and 8 weeks. Body weight gain and feed intake were not significantly affected by added amount of sea tangle. Bone breaking strength, ash content and calcium levels of the femur of rats fed on diets with sea tangle were higher than those of control groups (p<0.05). But moisture content weight and length of femur did not show any significant difference among groups. TP, ALB, TC, TG, AIP, osteocalcin, GOT and GPT levels in serum did not show any significant difference through the total feeding period but calcium and phosphorus contents of serum increased with increase in feeding period, significantly in $0.05\%$ level by added amounts of sea tangle. Calcium levels in feces increased significantly (P<0.05), but ash levels were not changed significantly by added amount of sea tangle. We could expect from this results that the ingestion of sea tangle (Kjellemaniella crassifolia) could be helpfull to increase bone calcium content and calcium absorption as well as to intensify the femur stength and to increase the calcium content of rats.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.127-135
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• 2001

Achieved to grasp possibility to use compost that make food waste and sawdust (bulking agent) by raw material in this research droopingly to bulking agent calamity. To be kept by aerobic experiment method to 4 composting device that air is supplied Food Waste + Sawdust, Livestock Feces + Sawdust, Food Waste + Compost, Livestock Feces + Compost free medical care and investigated composting sledding and temperature, pH, the moisture rate, heavy metals item etc. Judged that food waste of the moisture rate mix experiment result food waste input (food waste and sawdust composting done material mean) compost happened after resources anger as bulking agent food waste and Livestock Feces quantity is 72~77%, because axis dries to promote optimum composting progress appearing by 64~65%, thing which use need and was difficult to set salt 1% that is by-product compost standard when use compost as bulking agent of food waste but by dilution effect of Livestock Feces quantity using compost being expose that preservation is available by standard low because salt content density of done compost becomes found possibility that can solve salt content problem.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.84-90
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• 2001

This study was performed to know the effect of depolymerized alginate obtained by hydrolysis of alginate through a heating process at $121^{\circ}C$ on intestinal environment, Rats were fed with diets containing $1\%$, $5\%$, and $10\%$ of each depolymerized alginate (HAG-10, HAG-50, HAG-100 and alginate) for 35 days, The changes of weight, moisture content, pH and volatile basic nitrogen (VBN) of fecal, and a short chain fatty acids (SCFA) were checked in the rats. The fecal weight and moisture content were the highest in rats fed with alginate diets (p<0.01), followed by HAG-100, HAG-50 and HAG-10 in order. The $5\%$ of HAG-50 diets induced a significant increase in contents of protein and lipid of feces, resulting in the decrease of apparent digestibility of protein and lipid (p<0.01). The pH and VBN content in feces of the rats decreased in $5\%$ and $10\%$ of HAG-50 diets, but $10\%$ of HAG-100 diets; $5\%$ and $10\%$ of alginate diets brought about an increase of fecal pH and VBN (p<0.01), The amount of n-butyric acid in feces was increased while propionic and acetic acid contents decreased significantly (p<0.01) in diets containing $5\%$ and $10\%$ HAG-50. However, the feces of rat fed diet containing $5\%$ and $10\%$ alginate showed a tendency to being opposite in results than that of HAG-50.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.530-534
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• 1990

A strain of actinomycetes, Thermoactinomyces sp. CH-53, was isolated from manure and composted livestock feces. Actinornycetes-feed additive was prepared with the solid wheat bran medium of Thermoactinomyces sp. CH-53 that grew vigorously on unsterilized poultry feces at $50^{\circ}C$. pH 6.5- 9.5 and moisture content of 55-65% and added at a rate of 1% (wtlwt) to the commercially assorted feed to be fed poultry. The excreted feces contained $10^7-10^8$. Thermoactinomyces sp. CH-53 cells per gram. Poultry feces malodour was got rid of during treatment. The effect on plant growth was evaluated on the basis of the amount of nitrogen as fertilizer under a loading of 0.2g N1600g soillpot. A11 samples were showed a promotion effect for plant growth. The treated poultry feces added from O.lg to 0.4g total nitrogen per 600g soil in a pat increased the growth of Brassica rapa var. perui-ridis.