• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.195-198
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• 2015

Mannheimia haemolytica is an opportunistic bacterium that is widely recognized among the bovine respiratory disease (BRD) complex in cattle. Five Hanwoo with a history of fever, anorexia and dyspnea were died within 2 days in a the middle of summer. Four cattle were pregnant. The cattle house were located in mountainous area but the window for air ventilation was open only one side. In addition, the fecal material for fermentation was located indoor. Air ceiling fan did not work. The indoor temperature was $40^{\circ}C$. After working on air fan, the indoor temperature was still $36^{\circ}C$. On necropsy, there was fibrinous pleuritis with a rich yellowish pleural fluids in the thorax. The cross-section of the lung showed lobar fibrinonecrotic pneumonia with expanded interlobular septa by edema and fibrin. Microscopically, parenchymal necrosis with dense layer of inflammatory cells were observed surrounding interlobular septum. Fibrin and inflammatory cells were filled in the alveoli. Bacteriological cultures of pulmonary tissue showed growth of M. haemolytica. This pneumonia case in Hanwoo suggests that environmental stressors such as high temperature, insufficient air ventilation, and pregnancy be the cause of mannheimoisis. Control of environmental stressor, such as temperature indoor is necessary to prevent BRD caused by M. haemolytica.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.365-371
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• 2001

The optimum dosage of quicklime in producing organic fertilizer using livestock wastes vith a greater than 80% water content was analysed. After one day had elapsed to allow for the organic fentilizer to dry, the quicklime dosage and the composition of the organic fertilizer were analysed. Any from done to the organic fertilizer was also assessed. The amount of the quicklime required to stabilize livestock wastes was determined by water content of livestock wastes. For J farm(slurry style) of which livestock wastes have 94.6% of water concentration, less than 3% of total amount of livestock wastes, for H farm (scraper style) of which livestock wastes have 85% of water concentration, less then 4% of total livestock wastes and Y farm(traditional style) of which livestock wastes have 80% of water concentration, less then 5% of total livestock wastes. Generally, in order to pack the organic fertilizer, water containing quicklime0stabilized livestock wastes should be less than 35%. It takes 9 days to keep this water content for the wastes from H and Y farms(less than 85% in water content), and 12 days for the wastes from J (94.6% in water content). According to the classification standard for compost constitution by Higgins, the crude fertilizers from all 3 farms had high grade $K_2O$ and CaO, the middle grade T-N and middle or low grade $P_2O_5$. Stabilization by quicklime is known to inhibit bacterial decomposition of organic matter and the activity of pathogenic organisms. In this study, more then 99.99% of coliform group, fecal group and viable cell count were reduced. Our results indicate that livestock wastes of greater 80% water content could be used to produce organic fertilizer without the addition of a material for moisture control.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.238-242
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• 2009

Recently coastal seawater has been contaminated by enteric viruses such as the norovirus via untreated groundwater globally. Accordingly, the consumption of molluscan shellfish from seawater that has been contaminated with fecal material has become an important issues. The levels of enteric viruses in seawater are low and recovery and concentration of the virus from large volumes of water is difficult. We compared the effectiveness of two representative method of concentrating virus using negatively and positively charged filters. The mean retention of seeded FCV by HAMF and NCCF was 48% and 78%, respectively. Overall, the recovery of NCCF was 43.3$\pm$11% better than that of HAMF. However, the eluate obtained by using beef extract solution in the NCCF procedure caused an inhibitory effect on the RT-PCR; therefore, it was necessary to employ a PCR inhibitor removal procedure. The HAMF eluate contained no PCR inhibitors, but HAMF was not an effective method of concentrating the virus from large volumes of natural seawater due to clogging.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제33권11호
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• pp.1858-1865
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• 2020

Objective: The microbiota of dairy cow milk varies with the season, and this accounts in part for the seasonal variation in mastitis-causing bacteria and milk spoilage. The microbiota of the cowshed may be the most important factor because the teats of a dairy cow contact bedding material when the cow is resting. The objectives of the present study were to determine whether the microbiota of the milk and the cowshed vary between seasons, and to elucidate the relationship between the microbiota. Methods: We used 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing to investigate the microbiota of milk, feces, bedding, and airborne dust collected at a dairy farm during summer and winter. Results: The seasonal differences in the milk yield and milk composition were marginal. The fecal microbiota was stable across the two seasons. Many bacterial taxa of the bedding and airborne dust microbiota exhibited distinctive seasonal variation. In the milk microbiota, the abundances of Staphylococcaceae, Bacillaceae, Streptococcaceae, Microbacteriaceae, and Micrococcaceae were affected by the seasons; however, only Micrococcaceae had the same seasonal variation pattern as the bedding and airborne dust microbiota. Nevertheless, canonical analysis of principle coordinates revealed a distinctive group comprising the milk, bedding, and airborne dust microbiota. Conclusion: Although the milk microbiota is related to the bedding and airborne dust microbiota, the relationship may not account for the seasonal variation in the milk microbiota. Some major bacterial families stably found in the bedding and airborne dust microbiota, e.g., Staphylococcaceae, Moraxellaceae, Ruminococcaceae, and Bacteroidaceae, may have greater influences than those that varied between seasons.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.11-23
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• 1984

Epizootiolosical factors of 166 cows with abomasal displacement were studied and in 21 out of 166 cows, the functions of liver and kidney were also tested. 1. Incidence of abomasal displacement was perdominant in small sized dairy herd less than 15 cows, using area of paddock below 165㎡. 2. Out of 166 cows with abomasal displacement, 116 cows (70%) were found left sided displacement and 50 cows (30%) were right. 3. Generally, one to two weeks were taken before treatment of veterinarian following onset of sign of the diseases. Therefore many cases were found to be severe in their illness. 4, Incidence rate of abomasal displacement was predominant in summer season (June, July and Au-gust). However, occurence of the disease was continuous throughout the year. About 80 percent of abomasal displacement was distributed from first to third purturition. 5. High milk production and feeding with high concentrates and low roughage showed a tendendy to occurs the disease. 6. Approximately 75% of abomasal displacement was distributed within 1 month pre and post partum. 7. Cows with abomasal displacement consumed little concetrates and 75% of cows with abomasal displacement passed abnormal fecal material. 8. Sixty six out of 166 cows with abomsal displacement were coincident with diseases such as retained placenta, metritis, traumatic reticulo-peritonitis and mastitis. 9. In many cass of abomasal displacement, abomasum was extended with gas. 10. Activities of AST ana LDH showed the trends to reduce after surgical intervention comparing with pre-surgery. Bilirubin concentration markedly decreased after surgical treatment comparing with pre-surgery. 11. The concentration of BUN and creatinine moderatly decreased after surgery compared with pre-surgery.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.336-338
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• 2011

5일령 한우 송아지가 식욕부진, 배변불능, 침울, 복부팽만으로 내원하였다. 결장폐쇄로 잠정진단하고 폐쇄 부위와 양태를 확인하기 위해 단순촬영과 조영촬영을 실시하였다. 단순촬영상에서 대장이 가스로 확장되어 있었으나 하행결장 내에 변은 존재하지 않았다. 조영촬영상에서는 조영제가 집적된 끝 부분이 확장된 결장내로 돌출해 있고 조영제가 모여 있는 중간 부위는 좁아져 있었다. 이들 소견은 부검에서 확인된 확장된 나선결장과 위축된 원위결장 사이의 점막성 폐쇄를 잘 설명해주었다. 방사선 조영촬영은 결장폐쇄의 위치 및 양태 확인에 효율적이라 판단된다.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.18-27
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• 1980

IBDV는 양계업이 전업화된 모든지역에서 발생하고 있다. 이 질병의 임상증상은 매우 특징적이기도 하지만 IBDV 감염시의 닭의 연령 또는 바이러스의 병원성에 따라 임상증상 업이 내과 하기도 한다. IBDV에 의한 BF의 종장이나 출혈성 병변은 감염 후 짧은 기간에만 관할되며 질병이 경과함에 따라 BF는 위축된다. IBDV는 감염력이 극히 높으며, 오염된 계분, 사료, 물 등에 의하여 전파된다. 이 바이러스는 외계 환경에 대하여 극히 높은 저항성을 갖고 있으며 Ribovirus군의 Diplorna 바이러스로서 크기는 55-60nm이다. IBDV는 계태아나 계태아 조직 또는 감수성이 있는 닭의 BF에서 용이하게 증식시킬 수 있다. agar gel을 사용한 면역 확산법은 IBDV 감염을 진단할 수 있는 가장 간편한 방법이다. IBDV에 대한 항체는 감염 후 1주일 후부터 증명되며 장기간 지속된다. 감수성 계군일 경우 높은 역가의 항체형성이나 지속은 계군의 연령에 비례한다. IBDV에 대한 모체이행 항체는 critical age때의 병아리를 야외 감염으로부터 보호하여 준다. IBDV 단독 감염에 의한 IBD 피해는 경미한 것이지만 면역부전증에 의하여 유발되는 복합성 질병인 Inclusion body hepatitis, 전염성 빈혈, 괴저성 피부염 등은 닭의 생산성을 크게 저하시킨다.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.9-15
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• 2017

Objectives : In this study, the inhibitory activities of Korean Medicine against pancreatic lipase in vitro and biochemical analyses in vivo were measured to determine its possibility as a well-matched sauce material with chicken. Methods : The inhibitory activity on pancreatic lipase enzyme of 11 samples were evaluated in vitro and then 5 samples were selected. The activity of pancreatic lipase was investigated using orlistat as a positive control. Animals were divided into eight groups (n=7). The experimental groups except for normal group were fed 60% high-fat diet for 7 days. 5 samples were orally administered at a dose of 200 mg/kg body weight and orlistat were orally administrated at a dose of 60 mg/kg body weight for 7 days. Biochemical anaylses of 5 samples were executed based on lipid parameters analysis. Results : Korean Medicines with an $IC_{50}$ of below 1 mg/kg were Scutellariae Radix, Gardeniae Fructus, Theae Folium Coptidis Radix, and Mori Cortex Radicis. Body weight change of Mori Cortex Radicis reduced significantly, however fecal triglyceride couldn't regulate effectively. The most excellent inhibitory effect of pancreatic lipase showed in Scutellariae Radix treatment and also regulated significantly serum triglyceride and total cholesterol. Moreover, the supplementation of Coptidis Radix excreted meaningfully triglyceride to fece. Conclusions : In conclusion, Coptidis Radix may exert anti-obesity effect by directly inhibiting pancreatic lipase, which would prevent the absorption of lipid from the small intestine. Besides, Mori Cortex Radicis may led to the decrease of the body weight via the different pathway.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.155-166
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• 1980

어육 연제품의 부패에 관여하는 세균의 보급원이 되고있는 부원료의 미생물 오염 실태를 알기 위하여 어육 소시지 가공공장과 시중에서 채취한 녹말, 각종 향신료 및 조미료 20종에 총 시료수 59점에 대하에 생균수, 대장균군, 분변계대장균, 곰팡이 및 효모, 내열균, 호기성 아포형성균(중온 및 고온균), 혐기성 아포형성균(중온 및 고온균), 혐기성 황화수소변패 아포형성균을 조사하였다. 1. 부원료 중 녹말, 후추, 고추가루, 양파, 마늘, 생강, 육즙, 프랑크 등은 일반세균 및 포자형성균의 오염이 높았으며 시판품이 가공공장의 것보다 세균함량이 많았다. 2. 생균수가 높았던 시료는 내열균, 호기성 아포형성 중온균 및 고온균의 함량이 높았다. 3. 가공공장의 후추와 육즙, 시판품의 후추, 고추가루, 양파, 마늘 등은 외국의 세균관계기준을 초과하고 있다. 4. 생균수는 가공공장의 후추, 밀가루, 양파, 마늘이 $10^4$~$10^{5}$ /g이었고 시판의 후추, 고춧가루, 양파, 마늘이 $10^{5}$ ~$10^{7}$ /g이였으며 후추정유와 색소에서는 검출되지 않았다. 5. 대장균군이 검출된 시료는 생균수의 함량이 높았던 종류들이며 후추, 고추가루를 제외한 다른 시료에서는 분변계대장균이 검출되지 아니하였다. 6. 곰팡이 및 효모는 가공공장의 녹말, 밀가루, 후추가 140~460/g이었고 시판하는 후추와 고추가루는 $10^3$/g이였으며, 다른 시료에서는 검출되지 아니 하였다. 7. 10$0^{\circ}C$에서 5분간 끓인 후 55$^{\circ}C$에서 배양한 혐기성 황화수소변패 아포형성균은 본 실험에 제공된 어느 시료에서도 검출되지 않았다.

• 유기물자원화
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.69-84
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• 1993

우분의 효율적인 퇴비화를 위한 최적 공정운용지표를 결정하기 위하여 실험실규모의 퇴비화 반응기를 설치하였다. 우분에 톱밥을 소량 혼합하여 초기의 C/N비를 24, pH를 6.9로 조절하였다. 송기량을 200 ml/min kg. VS, 500 ml/min kg. VS, 1000 ml/min kg. VS, 1500 ml/min kg. VS로 정하여 퇴비화를 실시하고 온도 상승곡선과 최종 C/N비, 분해율로 퇴비화의 효율을 판단한 결과 1000 ml/min kg. VS에서 가장 양호한 퇴비화가 진행되었다. 한편 수분함량을 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%로 달리하여 퇴비화를 실시한 결과 수분함량이 50%일 때 가장 퇴비화의 효율이 좋았으며 20일 후의 분해율은 43%였다. 또한 초기의 pH는 모두 중성내지 약 알카리성으로 상승하였으며 퇴비화의 효율에 있어서는 별다른 차이가 없었다. 즉 온도 상승곡선과 C/N비의 저하, 분해율에 있어서 비슷한 결과를 나타내었다. 상기 실험으로 결정된 최적 운용조건하에서 퇴비화를 실시하여 미생물수를 계수하였다. 세균의 수는 퇴비화의 시간에 따라 증가하여 실험종료일인 20일째는 건조 퇴비화 물질 1g당 $1.5{\times}10^9$세포 였으며 방선균은 $1.1{\times}10^8$개체, 곰팡이는 $3.0{\times}10^8$ 개체였다. 방선균과 곰팡이의 숫자는 다른 연구 결과에서 나타난 수치보다 대체로 높았다. 또한 지표세균군을 계수하였는 바 대장균군은 초기에 건조 퇴비화 물질 1g당 $3.1{\times}10^3$, 분원성 대장균군은 $7.5{\times}10^2$ 세포, 분원성 연쇄상구균은 $5.6{\times}10^5$ 세포 존재하였다. 이러한 개체군수는 퇴비화의 시간이 지남에 따라 감소하여 대장균과 분원성 대장균은 16일째에, 분원성 연쇄상균은 20일째에 발견되지 않았다. 이러한 지표세균군들의 생존기간은 타 연구결과에 비해 대체로 더 길었다. 우분의 퇴비화에서 분리동정된 세균속은 Bacillus 속이 89.3%로 가장 많았으며 Bacillus 속 중에서는 B. circulans complex가 가장 많이 출현하였고 B. stearothermophilus, B. sphericus, B.의 순이었다.