• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.22-26
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• 2005

In this paper, we classified the objectionable texts into four rates according to their harmfulness and proposed the hierarchical text rating system for objectionable documents. Since the documents in the same category have similarities in used words, expressions and structure of the document, the text rating system, which uses a single classification model, has low accuracy. To solve this problem, we separate objectionable documents into several subsets by using their properties, and then classify the subsets hierarchically. The proposed system consists of three layers. In each layer, we select features using the chi-square statistics, and then the weight of the features, which is calculated by using the TF-IDF weighting scheme, is used as an input of the non-linear SVM classifier. By means of a hierarchical scheme using the different features and the different number of features in each layer, we can characterize the objectionability of documents more effectively and expect to improve the performance of the rating system. We compared the performance of the proposed system and performance of several text rating systems and experimental results show that the proposed system can archive an excellent classification performance.

• 대한영상의학회지
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• 제83권4호
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• pp.876-886
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• 2022

목적 MicroPure 초음파 영상의 미세 석회 발견 성능을 평가하고, MicroPure 초음파 영상 소견을 이용하여 미세 석회의 특징을 파악하고자 하였다. 대상과 방법 유방촬영술과 B-mode 초음파에서 모두 보이며, 악성으로 의심되는 총 171개의 미세 석회를 대상으로 MicroPure 초음파 영상을 평가하였다. 미세 석회의 크기는 작거나(점상, 무정형, 미세 다형성, 미세 선형), 큰(거친 불균질) 군으로 구분하였고, 미세 석회의 범위는 좁거나(군집), 넓은(기타) 군으로 나누었다. MicroPure 초음파 영상 가시성은 B-mode와 MicroPure 초음파 영상의 미세석회 개수를 비교하여 4가지로 나누었다: B > M (B-mode에서 더 많은 병변이 보임), B = M (비슷한 개수가 보임), B < M (MicroPure에서 더 많은 병변이 보임), 음성(보이지 않음). MicroPure 초음파 영상의 가시성과 관련된 영상 소견들에 대해 다중비교를 시행하였다. 결과 171개 중 157개의 병변이 MicroPure 초음파 영상에서 확인되었다(91.8%). Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (이하 BI-RADS) 범주 4A의 비율은 MicroPure 양성군에서 범주 4B의 비율은 MicroPure 음성군에서 유의하게 더 높았다(p = 0.035). 다른 영상 소견에는 차이가 없었다. MicroPure 양성 세부군에서 모든 특징은 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 결론 MicroPure 초음파 영상은 B-mode 초음파에서 보이는 미세 석회의 91.8%를 발견하였다. MicroPure 초음파 영상 가시성은 미세 석회의 범주와 관련이 있었다.

• 대한병리학회지
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• 제52권6호
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• pp.386-395
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• 2018

Background: Previous studies on synchronous colorectal carcinoma (SCRC) have reported inconsistent results about its clinicopathologic and molecular features and prognostic significance. Methods: Forty-six patients with multiple advanced tumors (T2 or higher category) who did not receive neoadjuvant chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy and who are not associated with familial adenomatous polyposis were selected and 99 tumors from them were subjected to clinicopathologic and molecular analysis. Ninety-two cases of solitary colorectal carcinoma (CRC) were selected as a control considering the distributions of types of surgeries performed on patients with SCRC and T categories of individual tumors from SCRC. Results: SCRC with multiple advanced tumors was significantly associated with more frequent nodal metastasis (p=.003) and distant metastasis (p=.001) than solitary CRC. KRAS mutation, microsatellite instability, and CpG island methylator phenotype statuses were not different between SCRC and solitary CRC groups. In univariate survival analysis, overall and recurrence-free survival were significantly lower in patients with SCRC than in patients with solitary CRC, even after adjusting for the extensiveness of surgical procedure, adjuvant chemotherapy, or staging. Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that tumor multiplicity was an independent prognostic factor for overall survival (hazard ratio, 4.618; 95% confidence interval, 2.126 to 10.030; p<.001), but not for recurrence-free survival (p=.151). Conclusions: Findings suggested that multiplicity of advanced T category-tumors might be associated with an increased risk of nodal metastasis and a risk factor for poor survival, which raises a concern about the guideline of American Joint Committee on Cancer's tumor-node-metastasis staging that T staging of an index tumor determines T staging of SCRC.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제9권7호
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• pp.2633-2648
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• 2015

The problem of visual words' synonymy and ambiguity always exist in the conventional bag of visual words (BoVW) model based object category methods. Besides, the noisy visual words, so-called "visual stop-words" will degrade the semantic resolution of visual dictionary. In view of this, a novel bag of visual words method based on PLSA and chi-square model for object category is proposed. Firstly, Probabilistic Latent Semantic Analysis (PLSA) is used to analyze the semantic co-occurrence probability of visual words, infer the latent semantic topics in images, and get the latent topic distributions induced by the words. Secondly, the KL divergence is adopt to measure the semantic distance between visual words, which can get semantically related homoionym. Then, adaptive soft-assignment strategy is combined to realize the soft mapping between SIFT features and some homoionym. Finally, the chi-square model is introduced to eliminate the "visual stop-words" and reconstruct the visual vocabulary histograms. Moreover, SVM (Support Vector Machine) is applied to accomplish object classification. Experimental results indicated that the synonymy and ambiguity problems of visual words can be overcome effectively. The distinguish ability of visual semantic resolution as well as the object classification performance are substantially boosted compared with the traditional methods.

• 정보처리학회논문지B
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• 제16B권6호
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• pp.479-488
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• 2009

본 논문은 기존의 목표항목만을 위주로 한 학습체계에서 발생하는 오분류 문제의 해결을 위해 기존의 학습체계에 경계항목을 자동으로 탐 색하여 포함시켜 확대시키는 방법을 제안하고 있다. 여러 주제에 걸쳐 다양한 내용을 다루는 복잡한 문서들은 확실히 어느 범주로 분류해야 할 지 판가름하기 어려운 성질인 모호성이 강하다. 이러한 경우 모든 경우들을 정확히 구분할 수 있는 최적의 경계를 찾는 일은 더욱 어려운 일이 다. 복잡하고 불확실성이 높은 데이터들의 특징은 대부분 분류 경계영역에 위치하므로 이러한 분류경계의 데이터들을 새로운 학습 항목으로 인 식시키도록 하는 것이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 주어진 목표항목 사이의 경계항목을 자동으로 탐색하여 학습체계에 추가하는 학습 체계 확장 알고리즘을 제시하고, 의도적인 학습오류를 발생시킨 후 기존방법과의 비교실험을 수행함으로써 제안방법의 정확성과 안정성을 비교하였다. 실 험결과 경계범주를 포함하여 학습 체계를 확장시켰을 때의 예측력은 기존 0.70에서 0.86으로 약 24% 향상 되었고, 오류를 포함시켰을 때의 예 측력은 기존 0.52에서 0.79로 약 49% 향상되었다.

• 전자공학회논문지A
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• 제32A권2호
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• pp.1-10
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• 1995

Since there is currently no commercial protocol simulator for CDMA mobile communication system, we need to develop a General-Purposed Protocol Test Simulator (G-PTS). This paper is concerned with the design and implementation of this G-PTS contains the multi-scenario generating functions, multi-tasking kernel and multiple interface functions. Thus it can be utilized in the test category using multiple base-stations such as soft-handoff, 3-way handoff and mulit-party call features. G-PTS is verified using the model of CDMA soft handoff scenario and the result shows its reliable operations.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.1397-1409
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• 2017

For text categorization task, distinctive text features selection is important due to feature space high dimensionality. It is important to decrease the feature space dimension to decrease processing time and increase accuracy. In the current study, for text categorization task, we introduce a novel statistical feature selection approach. This approach measures the term distribution in all collection documents, the term distribution in a certain category and the term distribution in a certain class relative to other classes. The proposed method results show its superiority over the traditional feature selection methods.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권8호
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• pp.3229-3232
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• 2015

Background: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is known to be associated with aggressive biologic features and a poor clinical outcome. Therefore, early detection of TNBC without missed diagnosis is a requirement to improve prognosis. Preoperative ultrasound features of TNBC may potentially assist in early diagnosis as characteristics of disease. Purpose: To retrospectively evaluate the sonographic features of TNBC compared to ER (+) cancers which include HER(-) and HER2 (+), and HER2 (+) cancers which are ER (-). Materials and Methods: From June 2012 through June 2014, sonographic features of 321 surgically confirmed ER (+) cancers (n=214), HER2 (+) cancers (n=66), and TNBC (n=41) were retrospectively reviewed by two ultrasound specialists in consensus. The preoperative ultrasound and clinicopathological features were compared between the three subtypes. In addition, all cases were analyzed using morphologic criteria of the ACR BI-RADS lexicon. Results: Ultrasonographically, TNBC presented as microlobulated nodules without microcalcification (p=0.034). A lower incidence of ductal carcinoma in situ (p<0.001), invasive tumor size that is>2 cm (p=0.011) and BI-RADS category 4 (p<0.001) were significantly associated with TNBC. With regard to morphologic features of 41 TNBC cases, ultrasonographically were most likely to be masses with irregular (70.7%) microlobulated shape (48.8%), be circumscribed (17.1%) or have indistinct margins (17.1%) and parallel orientation (68.9%). Especially TNBC microlobulated mass margins were more more frequent than with ER (+) (2.0%) and HER2 (+) (4.8%) cancers. Conclusions: TNBC have specific characteristic in sonograms. Ultrasonography may be useful to avoid missed diagnosis and false-negative cases of TNBC.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.1147-1160
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• 2018

Soft-tissue calcification refers to a broad category of lesions. Calcifications are frequently identified by radiologists in daily practice. Using a simple algorithm based on the distribution pattern of the lesions and detailed clinical information, these calcified lesions can be systematically evaluated. The distribution pattern of the calcific deposits enables initial division into calcinosis circumscripta and calcinosis universalis. Using laboratory test results (serum calcium and phosphate levels) and clinical history, calcinosis circumscripta can be further categorized into four subtypes: dystrophic, iatrogenic, metastatic, and idiopathic calcification. This pictorial essay presents a systematic approach to the imaging features of soft-tissue calcifications and related diseases.

• 한국항만학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.363-372
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• 1998

Oceanic architecture means architectural space created by directly or indirectly using the features of the ocean in the design. A range of marine structure for residential, leisure, cultural, and industrial uses has been and will be created by adopting these features in spatial composition, program, function, and form. This is a clearly distinct category of architecture which can produce unique and creative environments for man's living. Here this kind of architecture is called oceanic architecture. Nowadays the demand for ocean space is increasing and in the near future the law of oceanic architecture will be established by the government. Even with the present trend in design practice, few academic researches on the new architecture have been executed from an architectural design viewpoint. Accordingly, this study aims to examine the design aspects of oceanic architecture. In this paper firstly the design characteristics and contents of oceanic architecture are dealt. And then the concept architecture is defined on the basis of design characteristics.