• 감성과학
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.59-72
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• 2021

개념과 범주는 관찰하지 못한 속성을 추론할 수 있는 기반을 제공한다. 무의미 속성을 사용한 범주기반 속성추론 연구들은 범주 및 속성의 유사성이 추론을 설명하는 핵심 요인이라는 것을 제안했다(Rips, 1975; Osherson et al., 1990). 이후 연구들은 사람들의 사전지식이 범주기반 추론에 막대한 영향을 미치며 심지어 유사성 효과가 완전히 사라지는 경우도 있음을 보고했다. 본 연구는 범주 속성들이 사전지식의 한 종류인 인과적 지식에 의해 사슬구조로 연결되었을 때의 범주기반 속성추론을 검증했으며 그 결과를 예측하는 속성추론모형을 제안했다. 참가자들은 네 개의 속성들이 사슬구조를 이루는 인과적 범주를 학습한 뒤 해당 범주의 다양한 범주 예시들의 숨겨진 속성에 대한 추론을 실시했다. 그 결과 인과적으로 직접 연결된 속성뿐만 아니라 다른 속성 노드에 의해 차폐된 속성들도 추론에 영향을 미치는 비독립성이 나타났다(인과적 마코프 조건의 위배). 인과모형이론(Sloman, 2005)에 기반한 속성추론모형을 적용하여 참가자들의 추론을 모델링한 결과 인과적 연결의 직접 효과뿐만 아니라 간접 효과 즉 인과추론의 비독립성도 예측하는 것으로 나타났다. 다만 간접적으로 연결된 속성들은 인과적 거리와 무관하게 참가자들의 추론평정에 동일하게 영향을 미쳤지만 모형은 거리가 멀어짐에 따라 추론에 미치는 영향이 작아짐을 예측했다.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.268-273
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• 2013

In this paper, we propose a document classification model using Web documents as a part of the training corpus in order to resolve the imbalance of the training corpus size per category. For the purpose of retrieving the Web documents closely related to each category, the proposed document classification model calculates the matching score between word features and each category, and generates a Web search query by combining the higher-ranked word features and the category title. Then, the proposed document classification model sends each combined query to the open application programming interface of the Web search engine, and receives the snippet results retrieved from the Web search engine. Finally, the proposed document classification model adds these snippet results as Web documents to the training corpus. Experimental results show that the method that considers the balance of the training corpus size per category exhibits better performance in some categories with small training sets.

• 인지과학
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.55-73
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• 2021

심리적 본질주의에 따르면 사람들은 어떤 범주를 규정하는 숨겨진 본질 속성(essential properties)이 있으며 이것이 그 범주가 가지는 전형적 속성들의 인과적 원인이라는 믿음을 가진다(Gelman, 2003; Hirschfeld, 1996; Medin & Ortony, 1989). 이러한 본질주의적인 믿음은 범주가 단순히 상관을 가진 속성의 집합("clusters of correlated features")이라고 제안한 Rosch (1973, 1978)의 주장에 의문을 제기한다. 속성의 통계적 상관, 즉 가족 유사성만을 가진 범주와 달리 본질화된 범주는 범주간 경계가 매우 뚜렷하며 범주내 개체들이 동질적으로 여겨질 가능성이 높기 때문이다(Gelman, 2003; Prentice & Miller, 2007). 본질주의적 믿음이 범주 표상(범주간 경계, 범주내 응집성)에 미치는 영향을 확인하기 위해 두 개의 실험을 실시했다. 참가자들은 조건에 따라 가족 유사성 범주와 본질화된 범주를 학습한 다음 범주화 과제(실험 1)와 범주 예시들의 빈도 추정 과제(실험 2)를 실시했다. 그 결과 본질화된 범주에서 범주간 경계가 더 뚜렷해졌으며 범주내 응집성이 높아졌다. 이 결과는 범주 속성의 단서 타당도와 범주 타당도가 증가하여 발생한 것으로 본질주의적인 믿음이 범주구조의 거시적인 표상에 중요한 영향을 미친다는 것을 보여준다.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.109-118
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• 2010

Using a speeded classification task (Garner, 1978), we investigated the perceptual interaction of distinctive features in Korean consonants. The main questions of this study were whether listeners can perceptually identify the component features that make up complex consonant sounds, whether these features are processed independently or dependently and whether there is a systematic hierarchy in their dependency. Participants were asked to classify syllables based on their difference in distinctive features in the task. Reaction times for this task were also gathered. For example, participants classified spoken syllables /ta/ and /pa/ as one category and /$t^ha$/ and /$p^ha$/ as another in terms of aspiration condition. In terms of articulation, participants classified /ta/ and /$t^ha$/ as one category and /pa/ and /$p^ha$/ as another. We assumed that the difference between their RTs represents their interdependency. We compared the laryngeal features and place features (Experiment 1), resonance features and place features (Experiment 2), and manner features and laryngeal features (Experiment 3). The results showed that distinctive features were not perceived in a completely independent way, but they had an asymmetric and hierarchical interdependency. The laryngeal features were found to be more independent compared to place and manner features. We discuss these results in the context of perceptual basis in phonology.

• Child Studies in Asia-Pacific Contexts
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.77-90
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• 2012

The present study investigated infants' ability to form a category of a support relation (i.e., "on") when the objects depicting the relation were perceptually simple versus more complex. Twenty Korean infants of 14 months were habituated to dynamic support events with objects that were either simple or more complex in appearance. They were then tested with events that differed from the habituation events in the specific objects, spatial relation, or both. Infants formed a support category whether familiarized to simple or complex objects, looking significantly longer at test events with a novel than familiar relation. The results indicate that at 14 months of age, object features do not impact infants' ability to form a categorical representation of support.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.245-265
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• 2022

In response to problems such as insufficient extraction information, low detection accuracy, and frequent misdetection in the field of Thangka image defects, this paper proposes a YOLOv5 prediction algorithm fused with the attention mechanism. Firstly, the Backbone network is used for feature extraction, and the attention mechanism is fused to represent different features, so that the network can fully extract the texture and semantic features of the defect area. The extracted features are then weighted and fused, so as to reduce the loss of information. Next, the weighted fused features are transferred to the Neck network, the semantic features and texture features of different layers are fused by FPN, and the defect target is located more accurately by PAN. In the detection network, the CIOU loss function is used to replace the GIOU loss function to locate the image defect area quickly and accurately, generate the bounding box, and predict the defect category. The results show that compared with the original network, YOLOv5-SE and YOLOv5-CBAM achieve an improvement of 8.95% and 12.87% in detection accuracy respectively. The improved networks can identify the location and category of defects more accurately, and greatly improve the accuracy of defect detection of Thangka images.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권8호
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• pp.3147-3152
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• 2015

Background: Phylloides tumors are rare breast neoplasms with a variable clinical course depending on the tumor category. Along with histologic features, the role of immunohistochemical staining has been studied in predicting their behavior. Objectives: Our aim was to evaluate the role of CD 10 immunohistochemical staining in predicting survival, recurrence and metastasis in phylloides tumor. We also evaluated correlations of other clinicopathological features with overall and disease-free survival. Materials and Methods: CD10 expression was studied in 82 phylloides tumors divided into recurrent/metastatic and non-recurrent/non-metastatic cohorts. The Chi-square test was applied to determine the significance of differences in CD10 expression between outcome cohorts. Uni and multivariate survival analyses were also performed using log-rank test and Cox regression hazard models. Results: All 3 metastatic cases, 5 out of 6 (83.3%) recurrent cases and 37out of 73 (50.7%) non-recurrent and non-metastatic cases expressed significant (2+ or 3+) staining for CD10. This expression significantly varied between outcome cohorts (p<0.03). Tumor category and histological features including mitotic count and necrosis correlated significantly with recurrence and metastasis. A significant decrease in overall and disease free survival was seen with CD10 positivity, malignant category, increased mitoses and necrosis. Neither CD10 expression nor any other clinicopathologic feature proved to be an independent prognostic indicator in multivariate analysis. Conclusions: CD10 immunohistochemical staining can be used as a predictive tool for phylloides tumor but this expression should be interpreted in conjunction with tumor category.

• 정보처리학회논문지B
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• 제13B권2호
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• pp.121-126
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• 2006

본 논문에서는 웹 이미지의 분류 효과를 높이기 위해 이미지 자체에서 추출된 저수준의 비주얼 특징뿐만 아니라 이미지와 관련된 텍스트 정보로부터 나온 고수준 시맨틱 특징들을 이용하는 분류 방법을 제안한다. 이 고수준의 텍스트 특징들은 이미지 URL, 파일명, 페이지 타이틀, 하이퍼링크 및 이미지 주변 텍스트로부터 얻어진다. 분류 엔진으로는 Kohonen의 SOM(Self Organizing Map)을 사용한다. 고수준의 텍스트 특징들과 저수준의 비주얼 특징들을 동시에 사용하는 SOM 기반의 이미지 분류에서는 10개의 카테고리로부터 수집된 200개의 테스트 이미지들이 사용되었다. 분류 성능을 평가하기 위해 간단하면서도 새로운 두 가지 척도, 즉 동일 카테고리 이미지들의 산포 정도와 집적 정도를 나타내는 각각의 척도를 정의하고 사용하였다. 실험결과, SOM기반의 웹 이미지 분류에서는 고수준의 텍스트 특징들이 보다 유용한 것임이 밝혀졌다.

• 한국측량학회지
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• 제38권5호
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• pp.443-453
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• 2020

The automatic land category extraction method was proposed, and the accuracy was evaluated by learning the aerial photo characteristics by land category in the border area with various restrictions on the acquisition of geospatial data. As experimental data, this study used four years' worth of published aerial photos as well as serial cadastral maps from the same time period. In evaluating the results of land category extraction by learning features from different temporal and spatial ranges of aerial photos, it was found that land category extraction accuracy improved as the temporal and spatial ranges increased. Moreover, the greater the diversity and quantity of provided learning images, the less the results were affected by the quality of images at a specific time to be extracted, thus generally demonstrating accurate and practical land category feature extraction.

• 대한두경부종양학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.137-141
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• 2003

Introduction: A routine superficial parotidectomy with facial nerve dissection in parotid tumor surgery often results in facial dysfunction, Frey syndrome and defect in operation site. Formal facial nerve dissection has been a recommended procedure, because pleomorphic adenoma is a commonly recurrent tumor in case of inadequate surgical management, however it can not be always reasonable in aspect of postoperative sequelae. Patients and Methods: Through retrospective review of 245 cases parotidectomies and follow up for more than three years, clinicophathologic factors influencing to the selection of surgical procedure were considered to be age, sex, and preoperative pathology confirmed by preoperative MRI and FNA. Results: Five categories were established as follow for surgical decision in parotid tumor surgery. Category 1. Superficial lobe adenoma -- Superficial parotidectomy -- 124 Category 2. Deep lobe adenoma -- Deep parotidectomy -- 39 Category 3. Non pleomorphic adenoma -- Tumorectomy 1.5cm adenoma in young female -- Tumorectomy -- 25 Category 4. Recurrent multicentric tumor -- Parotidectomy+RT -- 9 Category 5. Parotid cancer; Parotidectomy + UND (RND) + RT -- 48 ; CORE (Composite Regional Ear Resection) -- 2 Conclusion: Surgical morbidity and recurrence rate could be minimized by individualizing the surgical procedure according to the category principle based on the clincopathologic features.