• Archives of design research
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• v.18 no.4 s.62
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• pp.185-194
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• 2005

In the perspective of hybrid, design contains confused forms and styles. Thus, the question is what 'decisively affects' on life, happiness and peace of human beings: In the past scientific ecology that tries to solve the problem in the aspect of functional design was important. Now the question is beyond the scientific ecology because human has a different way of environmental adaptation from animals. From this point of view, design is defined as something beyond materialistic standard. Terry Eagleton said, 'Creative ability deviating oneself and transcending is the very standard to measure human beings' A tendency to hybridize one's own section off genre or pursuing dismantlement is found on such creative perspective. In other words, it focuses on making a space of human's cultural behavior by unifying creatively natural environment and architecture space in the organic aspect. Such phenomenon provides a new chance and possibility in environmental design through a new molding experiment according to the development of digital technology. As experiments of environment design using digital technology are actively implemented, ecological and cultural views hybridize to create a new cultural space of various functions and features. Such experiment in environment design highlights the connections of ecological view, recognition of value, and relation-centered ideas, and enables a tool pursuing a new cultural development. This study focuses on the paradigm of such digital hybrid design and purposes to set the system by analyzing the application styles and principles of environment design through theoretical and case studies. In addition, it promotes a new possibility to develop environment design in the history of civilization.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.141-147
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• 2009

The antennae of millipedes have a prominent function in detecting various types of environmental stimuli, and structural modification of the antennae is closely associated with the degree of sense recognition. Although the biological significance of the antennal sensillae to millipedes are widely understood, the structure and function of the antennal sensillae are still not clear and more precise analysis is required. We have analysed the ultrastructural characteristics of the antennal sensillae in a millipede Anaulaciulus koreanus koreanus using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). According to their morphological and substructural features, we could identify three different types of antennal sensillae as follows: trichoid sensilla (TS), chaetiform sensilla (CS) and basiconic sensilla (BS). The TS on the articles are long, blunt-tipped, almost straight hairs with deep longitudinal grooves in their lower parts whereas, the CS are long, sickleshaped bristles with longitudinal grooves acuminating toward the tip. The BS can be subdivided further into three subtypes which are the large-sized basiconic sensilla ($BS_1$), the small-sized basiconic sensillae ($BS_2$) and the spiniform basiconic sensillae ($BS_3$). The BS between the terminal segment and distal margins of the other segments are clearly discriminated in this species.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.533-540
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• 2010

This study was designed to examine the difference in visual attention between the evaluations of facial attractiveness and facial trustworthiness, both of which may be the two most fundamental social evaluation for forming first impressions under various types of social interactions. In study 1, participants were asked to evaluate the attractiveness and trustworthiness of 40 new faces while their gaze directions being recorded using an eye-tracker. The analysis revealed that participants spent significantly longer gaze fixation time while examining certain facial features such as eyes and nose during the evaluation of facial trustworthiness, as compared to facial attractiveness. In study 2, participants performed the same face evaluation tasks, except that a word was briefly displayed on a certain facial feature in each face trial, which were then followed by unexpected recall tests of the previously viewed words. The analysis demonstrated that the recognition rate of the words that had been presented on the nose was significantly higher for the task of facial trustworthiness vs. facial attractiveness evaluation. These findings suggest that the evaluation of facial trustworthiness may be distinguished by that of facial attractiveness in terms of the allocation of attentional resources.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.10
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• pp.323-354
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• 2005

As with the vast array of computer technology and its rapid development, along with the entry of the internet as one of the necessities of life, the so-called cyber space has become a vital component of our modern day living. While such cyber space has provided the society with much convenience and utility as to the gathering and acquiring of information, crimes involving cyber space has accordingly increased in both number and form, Nevertheless, the conventional law as existed before the development of the cyber space were unable to meet the demands of this new breed of crime, which inevitably led to the gap in the government ability to punish such criminals, Thus, in response to the rising number of cyber crimes, a large number of nations have either created or is in the process of committing human and financial resources to strengthen the investigative powers relating to cyber crimes and creating a new area of prohibiting such crimes. As a overview of cyber crime, (1)defines the terms, describes features of cyber crime, (2)explains the international prevention necessity of cyber crime, and (3)the necessity of legislating the cyber crime Fundamental Act (4)the recognition of the evidential values on the confiscated electronic records and reviews types of cyber crime including cyberterror. Lastly, emphasizes necessity on international cooperation for prevention of cyber crime as usual.

• International Journal of Costume and Fashion
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.15-33
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• 2011

The late $19^{th}$ and early $20^{th}$ centuries of Korea were the times when the Confucianism (牲理學) ideology was shaken heavily under the influences of modernism and capitalism by Western and Japanese military and political-economic forces. Under such circumstances, alteration of clothing was much influenced by ideologies than changes in social structure or technological advance. In this study, an ideology was defined as "the force which drives people into a particular social order". Ideologies were postulated as an ongoing process of socialization with dialectic features rather than being a static state. Comparative analyses on conflict structures and different clothing patterns symbolizing the ideologies of the Ruling (支配) and the Opposition (對抗) were conducted. Investigating dresses as representations of ideologies is to reconsider the notion of dichotomous confrontation between the conservatives (守舊派) and the progressives (開化派) and a recognition of Koreans' passively accepting modernity during the Japanese occupation. This may also have contributed to enlightening Koreans about modernization. Here are the results. First, the theoretical review found that ideologies were represented by not only symbols of discourse, but also dresses, and that dresses embodied both physical and conceptual systems presenting differences between ideologies and their natures, Second, during the late 19th century Korea, conflict between conservatives' Hanbok (韓服) and progressives' Western suits (洋服) was found. Moderate progressives showed their identity by "Colored Clothing" (深色衣), and radical progressives by black suits with short hair (黑衣斷髮) or by western suits (洋服). The ultimate goal of both parties was a "Modern Nation". With these efforts, pale jade green coats and traditional hats symbolizing the nobleman class was eliminated within 30 years from 1880 to 1910, and then simple robes and short hair emerged. However, the powerful Japanese army had taken over the hegemony of East Asia, and Korea was sharply divided into modernization and pro-Japanese camps. Third, during the time of Japanese colonial rule, the dress codes having set by the modernization policies during the time of enlightenment were abandoned and colonial uniforms for the colonial system was meticulously introduced. During this period, Western or Japanese-style uniforms were the symbol of the ruling ideology. In the mean time, Hanbok, particularly "White Clothing (白衣)", emerged as a representation of the opposition ideology. However, due to Japan's coercive power and strong zeal for "Great orient (大東亞)", white clothing remained as a mere symbol. Meanwhile, Reformists (實力養成論者) movement toward improving quality of life followed a similar path of the Japanese policies and was eventually incorporated into the ruling ideology. Fourth, dresses as representations of ruling ideologies were enforced by organizational powers, such as organizations and laws, and binding policies, and changes in such dresses were more significant when the ruling ideologies were stronger. Clothing of the opposition ideology was expressed as an aggregation of public consciousness. During the period, the subjects of ruling ideology and the objects who were granted modernization benefits were different although their drives for colored clothing with short hair (色衣斷髮) for modernization were similar.

• The Journal of Art Theory & Practice
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• no.9
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• pp.33-57
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• 2010

Focused on the performance of interactivity in the appreciation of media art, this study is associated with the continually changed art texts and a participator's physical reactions to savor the art. Digital works of art emphasizing interactivity usually decentralize and disperse the responsibility and the central role for creating and producing the art works. Proper procedure of the work is generated by actions such as clicking the mouse, controlling the joy stick or actual movement of anticipators' bodies. The art works are influenced by participators' interactivity, which makes the leading roles and the responsibility for creating art scattered and divided. These features are similar with those of the 'Rhizome' which Gilles Deleuze(1925~1995) and Felix Guattari(1930~1992) have discussed. In their argument, 'Rhizome' is an interval or being 'between', which keeps changing. 'Rhizome' is a state in which the individual and the work of art never reach the conclusion, only a phenomenon of eternally altering. Like 'Rhizome', this sort of art work has the decentralized system, opens for several directions, and activates the system which is changeable as linked items increased or decreased. These works stimulate the individual to perform and act while appreciating the art piece. In terms of processing and preceeding, interactivity is the important equipment and catalyzer. Through these procedures, the pieces can be the 'floating work of art' combined and condensed with the whole participators' reactions. The 'floating work of art' is neither the expression of an individual nor that of one particular group. Multidimensional influence of the web is the web which is constantly reorganizing and producing in its connective state. This connective state is activated by interactivity. The Rhizomatic system embodies the floating work of art process. Due to each individual perceiving art in individualistic terms, there is no dominating powers or central points. I regard this art works possessing above traits as the work of art with Rhizomatic system. The work of art with the Rhizomatic system is embodied through interactivity and because physical action activates the process of appreciation, a participator can actually experience and practice the philosophy. Ultimately the Rhizomatic speculation occurs during the interactivity of appreciating the Rhizomatic art pieces. The Rhizomatic system penetrates into the intuitive area beyond our recognition and thoughts, as we are engaged in the connective process. With the methods and manners of interactive art, we can possibly reconsider the system as a tool in which the participator is directly able to link experience and theory to the philosophies of Deleuze and Guattari.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.34 no.8
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• pp.1364-1377
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• 2010

Although the human body is a biological subject with definite and distinctive physical features, its actualization and perception differs among societies. The aesthetics of the human body are based on diverse cultural perceptions that must be considered prior to design development. This study establishes the foundations of newly adopted concepts of beauty that are presumed to have been established in the first half of the twentieth century that continue to affect our mindset even now. The research includes human figures in the articles of women's magazines and cosmetic advertisements in the early $20^{th}$ century. The results are as follows: First, the change of perception in the human body: Instead of being a subject of preservation, the body has become a subject of sculpture with emphasis on health in the 1920's and on beauty in the 1930's. The recognition of the importance of the body has created intensive attention on physical training and an increased sense of hygiene. The body exposed to the public perceives itself through the eyes of others that alter one's own perception of oneself as well as become a target of evaluation. There is an additional emphasis on the exotic eroticism of a passive subordinate. Western culture became the standard for modernization along with the dissociation of traditional standards and values. Through the effect of education and western thinking, the awareness of women's rights and self-appreciation was developed. Second, ideal beauty can be summarized as follows: Unprocessed natural beauty was extolled as ideal in the 1920's, but the 1930's, it highlighted big eyes and an aquiline nose that are the characteristics of western women. Taking care of one's appearance was recognized as an important value for every social class. Cosmetics and skin care treatments promised soft and white skin. In contrast to western cosmetics, dark and shiny hair was highly favored. Exercising and traveling, differing seasonal and regional skin treatments were also widely accepted. In its initial stages, the research had originally assumed that the beginning of the twentieth century would be a time in which traditional concepts of beauty and new, westernized aesthetics coexisted. However, as the research progressed, it was clear that the idea of beauty had already adopted occidental ideals by that time. Thus, it seems necessary to continue the study on the shifting paradigms of beauty that must have occurred in the nineteenth and late twentieth century.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.313-320
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• 2001

An ecological study was conducted to determine the geographic distribution, community structure, and habitat characteristics of eelgrass, Zostera marina L. beds along the southern coast of Korea. Plants and sediment samples were collected during June 2000 and December 2000 on twenty-eight locations, including two Cheju Island stations, which were used to compare morphological characteristics with habitat types. Z. marina populations existed from the intertidal to subtidal zone, mainly in the bays along the coast and the island, the barrier reef, and the estuary where the water depth was 0.5${\sim}$8.0m. Salinity range in Z. marina beds ranged 18.2 to 34.5%$_o$. Sediments of Z. marina beds contained 49.7${\sim}$99.1% of sand and were classified into sand, muddy sand, and sandy mud. Mean grain size varied from 1.5 to 4.4 phi. Height of vegetation shoots varied from 54.7 to 171.4 cm, depending on water depth, location, substrata and habitat types. quantitative morphological features that enabled recognition of the two phonetic groups were short-narrow leaf type and long-broad leaf type. Statistical analysis indicated that biomass of individual plants and their quantitative morphological characteristics were significantly correlated.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.2393-2399
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• 2013

In this paper, we proposed a method to screening of Alzheimer's disease (AD) from Raman spectra of platelet with synthesis of basis spectra using singular value decomposition (SVD). Raman spectra of platelet from AD transgenic mice are preprocessed with denoising, removal background and normalization method. The column vectors of each data matrix consist of Raman spectrum of AD and normal (NR). The matrix is factorized using SVD algorithm and then the basis spectra of AD and NR are determined by 12 column vectors of each matrix. The classification process is completed by select the class that minimized the root-mean-square error between the validation spectrum and the linear synthesized spectrum of the basis spectra. According to the experiments involving 278 Raman spectra, the proposed method gave about 97.6% classification rate, which is better performance about 6.1% than multi-layer perceptron (MLP) with extracted features using principle components analysis (PCA). The results show that the basis spectra using SVD is well suited for the diagnosis of AD by Raman spectra from platelet.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.33-41
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• 2011

In the information communication technology, it is world-widely apparent that trend movement from internet web to smartphone app by users demand and developers environment. So it needs kinds of appropriate technological responses from geo-spatial domain regarding this trend. However, most cases in the smartphone app are the map service and location recognition service, and uses of geo-spatial contents are somewhat on the limited level or on the prototype developing stage. In this study, app for extraction of corner point features using geo-spatial imagery and their linkage to database system are developed. Corner extraction is based on Harris algorithm, and all processing modules in database server, application server, and client interface composing app are designed and implemented based on open source. Extracted corner points are applied LOD(Level of Details) process to optimize on display panel. Additional useful function is provided that geo-spatial imagery can be superimposed with the digital map in the same area. It is expected that this app can be utilized to automatic establishment of POI (Point of Interests) or point-based land change detection purposes.