• 한국가금학회지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.343-350
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• 2009

본 연구는 박테리아에 의한 우모분의 이용 가능성을 조사 하기 위해 우모 keratin 분해 활성이 높은 균주를 분리한 후 keratinolytic protease 활성이 가장 우수한 효소 생산을 위한 최적 배양 조건을 조사하였다. SE-103 균주로 형태학적 생화학적 특성을 조사한 결과Bacillus sp.로 확인되어 Bacillus sp. SE-103으로 명명하였다. 최적 배지 조성은 glucose 3.0%, urea 0.4%, $NaNO_3$ 0.2%, KCl 0.15%였으며, 배양 조건은 초기 pH 6.0, 배양 온도 $35^{\circ}C$, 24시간 진탕 배양하였을 때, 효소 생산이 가장 우수하게 나타났다.

• Mycobiology
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.219-225
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• 2007

A keratinolytic enzyme secreted by Aspergillus flavus K-03 cultured in feather meal basal medium (FMBM) containing 2% (w/v) chicken feather was purified and characterized. Keratinolytic enzyme secretion was the maximal at day 16 of the incubation period at pH 8 and $28^{\circ}C$. No relationship was detected between enzyme yield and increase of fungal biomass. The fraction obtained at 80% ammonium sulfate saturation showed 2.39-fold purification and was further purified by gel filtration in Sephadex G-100 followed by ion exchange chromatography on DEAE-Sephadex A-50, yielding an active protein peak showing 11.53-fold purification. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and zymograms indicated that the purified keratinase is a monomeric enzyme with 31 kDa molecular weight. The extracellular keratinase of A. flavus was active in a board range of pH ($7{\sim}10$) and temperature ($30^{\circ}C{\sim}70^{\circ}C$) profiles with the optimal for keratinase activity at pH 8 and $45^{\circ}C$. The keratinase activity was totally inhibited by protease inhibitors such as phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF), iodoacetic acid, and ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA) while no reduction of activity by the addition of dithiothreitol (DTT) was observed. N-terminal amino acid sequences were up to 80% homologous with the fungal subtilisins produced by Fusarium culmorum. Therefore, on the basis of these characteristics, the keratinase of A. flavus K-03 is determined to be subtilisins-like.

• 한국주조공학회지
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.403-411
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• 1992

The growth characteristics of bainite at early stage in the fast quenched spheroidal graphite cast irons containing 0.06%Mn and 0.45%Mn during austempering process, was investigated with optical and scanning electron microscope. The following results regarding the effects of Mn and isothermal heat treatment on the morphological variation of bainitic ferrite were obtained. The morphology of bainite varies from acicular below 350$^{\circ}C$ to feather shape above 350$^{\circ}C$. The period of isothermal treatment also affects the shape of bainite at the fixed temperature. At 350$^{\circ}C$, bainite is bamboo leaf-like up to 200 secs of isothermal holding time and with further increasing time up to 300 secs, changes to a mixed structure consisting of both feather and bamboo leaf and, finally becomes all feather shape at 900 secs. The morphology of bainitic ferrite formed at early stage of 300$^{\circ}C$ isothermal treatment is similar to that of bainitic ferrite formed at 250$^{\circ}C$ or 350$^{\circ}C$ with unbranched, linear ferrite. However, bainitic ferrite divides into branches with increasing isothermal treatment, which occurs more fast at 400$^{\circ}C$ than at 350$^{\circ}C$. The difference in adding amount of Mn influences the morphology of bainitic ferrite in upper bainite. The bainitic ferrite with 0.45%Mn is observed to be more stable than that with 0.06%Mn, remaining unbranched for a longer period at the same temperature.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제34권3_spc호
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• pp.393-404
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• 2021

Objective: This study compared the catechin composition of different tea byproducts and investigated the effects of dietary supplementation with green tea byproducts on the accumulation of abdominal fat, the modulation of lipid metabolism, and the inflammatory response in red feather native chickens. Methods: Bioactive compounds were detected, and in vitro anti-obesity capacity analyzed via 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. In animal experiments, 320 one-day-old red feather native chickens were divided into 4 treatment groups: control, basal diet supplemented with 0.5% Jinxuan byproduct (JBP), basal diet supplemented with 1% JBP, or basal diet supplemented with 5×106 colony-forming unit (CFU)/kg Bacillus amyloliquefaciens+5×106 CFU/kg Saccharomyces cerevisiae (BA+SC). Growth performance, serum characteristics, carcass characteristics, and the mRNA expression of selected genes were measured. Results: This study compared several cultivars of tea, but Jinxuan showed the highest levels of the anti-obesity compound epigallocatechin gallate. 3T3-L1 preadipocytes treated with Jinxuan extract significantly reduced lipid accumulation. There were no significant differences in growth performance, serum characteristics, or carcass characteristics among the groups. However, in the 0.5% JBP group, mRNA expression of fatty acid synthase (FAS) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) were significantly decreased. In the 1% JBP group, FAS, ACC and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ levels were significantly decreased. Moreover, inflammation-related mRNA expression levels were decreased by the addition of JBP. Conclusion: JBP contained abundant catechins and related bioactive compounds, which reduced lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes, however there was no significant reduction in abdominal fat. This may be due to a lack of active anti-obesity compounds or because the major changes in fat metabolism were not in the abdomen. Nonetheless, lipogenesis-related and inflammation-related mRNA expression were reduced in the 1% JBP group. In addition, dietary supplementation with tea byproducts could reduce the massive amount of byproducts created during tea production and modulate lipid metabolism and the inflammatory response in chickens.

• Proceedings of the National Institute of Ecology of the Republic of Korea
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.26-31
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• 2021

Reproduction and molt are costly processes in avian life histories. These two fitness-related traits are expected to be under one of physiological trade-offs. Age-related molt is known to be higher in young birds than that in adults presumably due to the cost of reproduction in adults. The present study partially replicated a previous study using a non-invasive method of seasonal wing feather loss instead of capture-inspection for molting progress in oriental storks (Ciconia boyciana). We first examined characteristics of the known six wing feather types (i.e., primaries [P], primary coverts [PC], secondaries [S], secondary coverts [SC], and tertials [T]) from two specimens with four wings. Results were utilized as references for further investigation. We then collected a total of 3,807 wing feathers shedded by 61 captive storks for one year and classified them into six wing feather types based on the reference with structures of vane (i.e., how asymmetrical) and calamus (i.e., how rigidly attached to skin) of wing feathers. Our results indicated that annual losses of all six-type wing feathers decreased with increasing ages, ranging from 29% to 58% for PC, alula, SC, P, S, and T in order. Our results were also comparable to those of a former study, suggesting that the pattern of age-specific molt might be associated with the cost of reproduction in adults. However, juveniles might shed more wing feathers with low quality formed during the previous development stage than older birds.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.525-536
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• 2005

본 시험은 우모분의 사료적 가치를 향상시키기 위하여 우모 단백질 분해균인 Bacillus sp.를 우모분에 접종하여 비육돈의 단백질 공급원인 대두박에 수준별로 대체하여 총 5처리구로 설정하였으며, 각 처리구당 3반복으로 임의배치하였다. 시험사료 급여구의 증체량, 사료요구율, 육의 아미노산 함량 및 도체특성을 조사․분석하였다. 사양시험은 5처리$\time$3반복$\time$10두로서 총 150두를 공시하여 70일간 실시하였다. 비육 전기간(0-70일간) 동안의 일당증체량은 Bacillus sp. 접종 우모분으로 대두박의 20%를 대체․급여한 BSM 20구가 0.95kg으로서 일반 우모분으로 10%와 20%를 대체․급여한 CSM 10구와 CSM 20구의 0.80-0.81kg에 비하여 증가 하였으며, 사료요구율도 2.94로서 우수하였다(P<0.05). 도체중은 BSM 10구와 BSM 20구가 각각 81.84kg과 83.77kg으로서 CSM 10구와 20구의 74.75kg과 76.07kg에 비하여 유의적으로(P<0.05) 증가하였다. A등급 출현율은 BSM 20구가 35.03%로서 대조구의 32.78%에 비하여 뚜렷하게 향상되었다. 육색의 CIE L*값은 BSM 10구가 45.56으로서 가장 낮았으며, CSM 20구는 59.96으로서 가장 높았다(P<0.05). CIE a* 값은 대조구가 9.35로서 BSM 10구와 BSM 20구의 7.56과 7.42에 비하여 높았다(P<0.05). 이상의 결과를 종합하면, 비육돈을 사육할 경우에는 Bacillus sp. 접종 우모분으로 대두박의 20%를 대체․급여함으로서 체중의 증가 및 사료요구율이 개선되었으며, 돼지 등심의 육색과 지방색에도 이상이 없을 뿐 아니라 육질 A등급 출현율도 크게 향상되었다. 특히, 일당 증체량으로 환산할 경우에는 출하일령을 약 8일 정도 단축시킬 수 있기 때문에 대체 단백질 사료자원의 확보 뿐만 아니라 농가 소득증대에도 크게 기여할 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.105-112
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• 2002

동물성 부산물 사료(우모분, 우지박, 내장분)단백질의 반추위내 분해특성과 하부장기내 이용성에 대한 열처리 효과를 구명하기 위하여 반추위와 십이지장에 누관이 장착된 Holstein 건유우 3두를 공시하였다. 시험사료에 대한 열처리는 149$^{\circ}C$가 유지되는 oven에서 4시간동안 처리한 후, 1 mm체를 통과시켰다. 시험사료의 반추위내 분해특성은 발효시간별 분해율에서 비선형회귀식을 유도하여 구하였고, 사료단백질의 하부장기내 이용성은 mobile nylon bag기법으로 추정되었다. 농후사료와 orchard grass를 60:40의 비율로 급여하였으며, 물과 mineral block은 자유섭취토록 하였다. 조단백질의 반추위내 유효분해도(k=0.05) 및 하부장기내 소실율에 있어서 우모분은 각각 30.2% 및 56.2%, 우지박은 75.0% 및 18.6% 그리고 내장분은 56.4% 및 37.9%였다. 시험사료에 대한 열처리효과에 있어서 조단백질의 반추위내 유효분해도는 우모분과 내장분은 증가하였으나 우지박은 감소되었고(P$<$0.05), 하부장기내 조단백질 소실율에서는 우지박은 증가된 반면, 우모분과 내장분은 감소되어(P$<$0.05) 상반되는 결과를 나타내었다. 반추위 미분해 사료단백질의 하부장기내 이용율은 우모분, 우지박 및 내장분에 대해서 각각 80.4%, 83.8% 및 86.9%였으며, 열처리를 함으로써 우모분과 우지박은 각각 94.0% 및 91.3%로 향상되었으나, 내장분은 76.5%로 낮아졌다(P$<$0.05).

• 복식
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• 제57권1호
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• pp.39-49
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to analyze characteristics of each of the types of Seon which was expressed in costume of worldly figures illustrated in Koryo Buddhist paintings. The types of 'Seon' are largely classified into Standard and Application types. Among these types, standard type are reclassified into the types of same color and no pattern, different color and no pattern, same color and pattern and different color and pattern. And Application type is reclassified into the types of Buseon, wrinkle, feather and leaf, Regarding styles of Seon, most costumes for men and women used Seon of Standard style, especially that of different color and no pattern style. In addition, costumes for men more often used Seon of Standard style, especially that of different color and pattern style. While, costumes far women more often used Seon of application style, especially that of feather or wrinkle style. Seon was practically used to reinforce the edge of clothes, whether for men or women, and at the same time, and at the same time decorated the clothes brilliantly. In regard to aesthetic qualities of clothes in accordance with types of Seon, clothes having Seon of same color and no pattern type was natural and simple and different color and no pattern type, artificial and simple, same color and pattern type, natural and brilliant and different color and pattern type, artificial and brilliant. And costumes having Seon of Buseon type was decorative and simple, wrinkle type, sophisticated and dynamic, feather type, voluminous and dynamic and leaf type, brilliant and dynamic.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.9-15
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• 2012

The aim of this study was to investigate phenotypic characteristics, morphometric measurements, reproduction and production performances of Aseel chicken of Bangladesh. The dominant feather color of neck/hackles was red in both males (56.14%) and females (54.16%) while the sickle feather color was mostly black in both chickens (71.93% vs. 54.17%). The predominant saddle and breast feather colors were red (40.35%) and black (64.91%), respectively, in male whereas most frequent observed color was pale brown in female (58.33 and 50.0%, respectively). The predominant feather color of wing bow and wing bay was found black (68.42 and 80.70%, respectively) in male but only pale brown color was observed in females (62.5 and 54.17%, respectively) for these two characters. Different phenotypic measurements such as the average shank length and circumference were $12.79{\pm}0.13$ and $7.8{\pm}0.08$ cm, respectively, in male and $10.21{\pm}0.25$ and $5.81{\pm}0.21$ cm, respectively, in female. Keel length was $14.39{\pm}0.19$ cm in male and $10.79{\pm}0.23$ cm in female. The average adult live weight in male was measured $3749.12{\pm}83.44$ g while in female it was $2062.50{\pm}105.26$ g. The age of 1st lay was found to be 28.86 weeks. Total number of eggs laid per year ranged between 24~48, number of clutch/hen/year varied from 2 to 4 and number of eggs/clutch/hen was found to be 10~12. The average live weight of Aseel chicken at 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 16 and 17 weeks of age were recorded as $31.14{\pm}0.55$, $48.63{\pm}3.99$, $116.57{\pm}5.72$, $138.40{\pm}5.91$, $212.88{\pm}4.82$, $361.00{\pm}9.72$, $577.50{\pm}42.86$, $743.75{\pm}24.65$, $1086.00{\pm}26.02$, $1402.00{\pm}24.54$ and $1432.00{\pm}27.00$ g respectively. Finally, this phenotypic characterization as well as productive and reproductive performances of Aseel chicken will give the baseline information to researcher for further study and for planning any on-ward conservation and implement strategy.

• 한국의상디자인학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.141-158
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• 2016

The objective of this study is to examine the type and characteristics of hat, and also to analyze the formative characteristics of hats shown in $Pr{\hat{e}}t-{\grave{a}}$-porter Collection. The literature review focused on the relevant technical books and preceding researches while the case study targeted 1,561 photos of hats shown in the 'Donga TV Collection'. The research range was from the S/S season of 2012 to the F/W season of 2015/16. The results of this study are as follows. 1. A hat is composed of crown and brim. In the results of classifying hats based on it, there were 572 crown-type hats, 533 hat-type, 219 cap-type, 156 irregular-type, and 81 brim-type in the order. 2. For the crown-type hats, they were mainly like cylindrical-type, bell-type, dome-type, and circle-type, using colors like black, beige, brown, red, mustard, and grey, and materials like wool, fur, velvet, straw, and metal while they were decorated with bead or lace. 3. For the hat-type hats, they were mainly like bell-type, ladder-type, and hemisphere-type, using colors like peach, white, gold, brown, and khaki, and materials like silk, cotton, straw, and wool while they were decorated with feather and ribbon. 4. For the cap-type hats, they were mainly like hemisphere-type, using colors like white, black, khaki, mustard, and purple, and materials like fur, leather, and wool while they were decorated with wappen and chain. 5. For the irregular-type hats, they were mainly like sandglass-type, box-type, animal-type, trumpet-type, and bell-type, using colors like purple, orange, pink, yellow, and sky-blue, and materials like metal, feather, mesh, plastic, straw, and linen while they were decorated with ribbon, net, bell, and flower. 6. For the brim-type visor, they were mainly like square-type, using colors like transparent, yellow, and black, and materials like plastic, cotton, leather, and metal.