• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.12
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• pp.4939-4944
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was through a survey of awareness of cancer and cancer screening of Korean community residents to identify the stereotypes of cancer and bases for development of improved screening programs for early detection. Subjects were residing in South Korea Gangwon-Province and were over 30 years and under 69 years old. The total was 2,700 persons which underwent structured telephone survey questionnaires considered with specific rates of gender, region, and age. For statistical analysis, PASW Statistics 17.0 WIN was utilized. Frequency analysis, the Chi-square (${\chi}^2$) test for univariate analysis, and logistic regression analysis were performed. The awareness of cancer and cancer screening in subjects differed by gender, region and age. For the idea of cancer, women thought about death less than men (OR: 0.73, p<0.001). On the other hand, women had negative thoughts - fear/terror/suffering/pain/pain - more than their male counterparts (OR: 2.04, p<0.001). Next, for the idea of cancer screening, women recognized fear/terror more than men (OR: 1.38, p<0.01). The higher age, the more tension/anxiety/worry/burden/irritated/pressure (OR: 1.43, p<0.01, OR: 2.15, p<0.001, OR: 2.49, p<0.001)). People may be reminded of fear and death for cancer and of fear, terror, tension and anxiety for cancer screening. To change vague fear and negative attitudes of cancer could increase the rate of cancer screening as well as help to improve the quality of life for community cancer survivors and facilitate return to normal social life. Therefore, it is necessary to provide promotion and education to improve the awareness of cancer and cancer screening.

• 한국호스피스완화의료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2004.07a
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• pp.103-105
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• 2004

Every one experiences death one day, however no one can hows exactly what it is because people can not experience death until it comes, it is therefore impossible to judge correctly on the phenomenon of the death. On the whole, man experiences indirect death through the mass communications such as TV drama, fiction, magazine etc because those methods can easily access by every one. In addition to this, people usually acquire the negative awareness of death through the dramatic change of story like dying of cancer for dramatic effect by giving scare and fear to the cancers. The purpose of this study is to provide basic information on the spiritual care that enables the facing death patients to accept death as a part of life and divert hope from scare about after death by comparing and analyzing of two aspects of death meaning i.e, Korean fiction and the end stage cancer patients. Additionally, for medical staff to understand the facing death cancer patients by making to aware patients correctly and provide the better quality of care. The study was performed from September 28, 2002 to February, 28, 2003. The materials of this study were collected by direct data obtained from observation, interviews, note and diary of end stage of cancer patients and written materials acquired from Korean contemporary fiction. Participants of this study were 4 end stage cancer patients including 2 lung cancer patients, 1 liver cancer patient and 1 esophagus cancer patient. The methodology used in this study was divided into two types; Huberman & Miles methodology was used for fiction to find and categorize subject, and Colaizzi, one of phenomenological methodology was used for end stage cancer patients to find the major meaning, subject and categorization. Every one experiences death one day, however no one can knows exactly what it is because people ran not experience death until it comes, it is therefore impossible to judge correctly on the phenomenon of the death. On the whole, man experiences indirect death through the mass communications such as TV drama, fiction, magazine etc because those methods can easily access by every one. In addition to this, people usually acquire the negative awareness of death through the dramatic change of story like dying of cancer for dramatic effect by giving scare and fear to the cancers. The purpose of this study is to provide basic information on the spiritual care that enables the facing death patients to accept death as a part of life and divert hope from scare about after death by comparing and analyzing of two aspects of death meaning i.e, Korean fiction and the end stage cancer patients. Additionally, for medical staff to understand the facing death cancer patients by making to aware patients correctly and provide the better quality of care. The study was performed from September 28, 2002 to February, 28 2003. The materials of this study were collected by direct data obtained from observation, interviews, note and diary of end stage of cancer patients and written materials acquired from Korean contemporary fiction. Participants of this study were 4 end stage cancer patients including 2 lung lancer patients, 1 liver cancer patient and 1 esophagus cancer patient. The methodology used in this study was divided into two types; Huberman & Miles methodology was used for fiction to find and categorize subject, and Colaizzi, one of phenomenological methodology was used for end stage cancer patients to find the major meaning, subject and categorization.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.61 no.5
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• pp.34-47
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• 2011

Grotesque make-up causes a visual shock among modern people beyond the standardized beauty definition, attracts their attention, and manifests itself as a phenomenon of "something bizarre, extremely unnatural, ugly, and funny." The purposes of this study were to investigate the characteristics of grotesque in today's make-up as well as its concepts and features and to figure out its aesthetic characteristics based on the results. The research scope was limited to the fashion make-up of the collections from 2005 to 2010 and the advertising make-up during the same period. In the make-up phenomenon examined according to the grotesque characteristics, the pale skin expression, frightened eyes, and emphasis on black induce disgusting fear, sadness, death, sin, fear for life and death, and obsession. As the make-up emphasized only one part by neglecting the original form and exaggerated it to the point of distortion, the exaggerated abnormality led to a sense of social crisis, desperation, and absence of form. As for devilish playfulness, the make-up accompanied by grotesqueness and humor brought the suppressed, closed world in a tight framework out to fluidity and openness, conveying satire, ludicrousness, ridicule, and accusation of the modern society. The heterogeneous disharmony was found in the use of objects in heterogeneous combinations, presenting unreality, fiction, displeasure, ambivalence, and loss of value of human existence.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.243-255
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• 2012

This study is intended to find out the effect and differences of individual characteristic of the death attitude on death anxiety. The college students who study in the area of Chonan, Yongin, and Asan and the adults who live in the area of Chonan and Asan enrolled for this study. We analyzed the survey data from 325 responses finally. The results are summarized in three ways: First, adults are more positive than college students, religious people are more positive than nonreligious people, female are more positive than male, and married people are more positive than unmarried people in the death attitude. Second, college students are more positive than adults, nonreligious people are more positive than religious people, female are more positive than male, and unmarried people are more positive than married people in the death anxiety. Third, there is a correlation between the death anxiety and the death attitude. The fear on death has negative correlation on all subvariables of the death anxiety. Avoidance on death has positive correlation on the physical change anxiety, and openness on death has positive correlation on the cognitive and affective anxiety. Finally, It showed that the death attitude are affected by the death anxiety. The death anxiety was not much, if the fear on death are more little, the death anxiety was much, if the avoidance on death are much.

• Korean Journal of Hospice Care
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.34-54
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• 2003

Every one experiences death one day, however no one can knows exactly what it is because people can not experience death until it comes, it is therefore impossible to judge correctly on the phenomenon of the death. On the whole, man experiences indirect death through the mass communications such as TV drama, fiction, magazine etc because those methods can easily access by every one. In addition to this, people usually acquire the negative awareness of death through the dramatic change of story like dying of cancer for dramatic effect by giving scare and fear to the cancers. The purpose of this study is to provide basic information on the spiritual care that enables the facing death patients to accept death as a part of life and divert hope from scare about after death by comparing and analyzing of two aspects of death meaning I.e, Korean fiction and the end stage cancer patients. Additionally, for medical staff to understand the facing death cancer patients by making to aware patients correctly and provide the better quality of care. The study was performed from September 28, 2002 to February, 28 2003. The materials of this study were collected by direct data obtained from observation, interviews, note and diary of end stage of cancer patients and written materials acquired from Korean contemporary fiction. Participants of this study were 4 end stage cancer patients including 2 lung cancer patients, 1 liver cancer patient and 1 esophagus cancer patient. The methodology used in this study was divided into two types; Huberman & Miles methodology was used for fiction to find and categorize subject, and Colaizzi, one of phenomenological methodology was used for end stage cancer patients to find the major meaning, subject and categorization. 1.The death investigated in the fiction, was found as a progress of negative emotion, acceptance and sublimation, life related subjects in the negative emotion were tenacity for life, anxiety, lingering attachment, responsibility, abandonment and death related subjects were shock, isolation, fear, scare and rejection. Acceptance related subjects were acceptance, destiny, secularism, preparation and arrangement, and sublimation related subjects were sublimation through Christian and Buddhism. 2.The death showed in the participants was negative emotion, acceptance and sublimation, life related subjects were repentance, anxiety, responsibility and hopelessness, and death related subjects were dejection, solitude, anger, fear and scare. The acceptance was a type of religious acceptance that admitted instantly by reaching an understanding with the God, and death was accepted as a progress of preparation, arrangement, acceptance and hope. Sublimation related subjects were Christian sublimation and relief or destiny incurred from self-reflective sublimation through communications and thoughts. 3.The death in view of fiction and participants were positively accepted both death and negative emotion, and the study disclosed the fact that death was sublimated dependent on religion. 4.The progress of negative emotion, acceptance and sublimation was disclosed more complicated and various in the real end stage cancer patients and acceptance only found in the patients on the form of religious acceptance, according to the results compared with fiction and real end stage cancer patients. The death showed in the fiction was standardized, gradated and similar progress with psychological status of Kubler-Ross. However, death in the participants was showed complex and various feelings simultaneously, and sometimes they accepted death positively. The sublimation through religion was found in Buddhism and Christian in the fiction and mostly Christian in the participants due to a number of Hospice patients. It was found that negative emotion various types of death was more found in the participants than fiction. It is therefore necessary to study on the response of death in various types. In the participants death was incurred more systematic and variously, we knew that nursing practice focused on experience of participants is required and reality on death is much profound than we analyzed and presented, lots of situations and reactions should be premised because we can not completely rule out the negligence possibility of care mediation of participants. In caring for the facing death patients, we discovered and confirmed again through this study that the spiritual care should be needed as a mediation method.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.435-456
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• 2013

This study examined the factors influencing aging anxiety among college students. 336 college students from universities in Seoul and Gyeonggi-Do were participated in the survey. Regression analyses confirmed that variables influencing 4 dimensions of aging anxiety are different. Quality of contact and attitude toward elderly predicted 'Fear of Old People' dimension. As for 'Psychological Concerns', death anxiety, attitude toward elderly and Quality of contact were influencing factors. Death anxiety, Quality of contact and sex was significant factors predicting. 'Physical/Appearance anxiety'. As for Fear of Losses, Death anxiety and attitude toward elderly affect. On the whole college students' aging anxiety tended to increase as having lower death anxiety, positive quality of contact, positive attitude towards elderly. And female has higher Physical/ Appearance anxiety than male. whereas results have not found a correlation between either knowledge of aging and frequency of contact with aging anxiety. Discussion focuses on the importance of the findings, limitations and future directions.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.367-374
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• 2015

Purpose: This study aimed at understanding the correlation between self-esteem, death anxiety, and spiritual wellbeing in university students. Methods: Cross-sectional method was used 671 students in South Korea. This study used the Self-esteem developed by Rosenberg, the Fear of Death Scale revised by Lester and Abdel-Khalek, and Spiritual wellbeing developed by Paloutzian and Ellison. Results: Relationships between self-esteem, death anxiety, and spiritual wellbeing revealed an inverse correlation between self-esteem and death anxiety, and a direct correlation between self-esteem and spiritual wellbeing. Conclusion: In order for students of establishing identity to lead a healthy life, there is a need for studies aiming at developing, implementing, and evaluating the results of consultation and education programs for maintaining spiritual wellbeing such as psychological counseling and logotherapy at the university or regional community level.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.1294-1305
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• 2013

The aim of this study was to identify the attitude of nursing students' toward death using Q-methodology and to obtain baseline data to improve nursing students' education program on death. Twenty-nine participants at a college classified 40 Q-statements on a one to nine scale. The resultant Q-sort was a matrix representing the participant's operant subjectivity on the issue under consideration. The results of above procedures were analyzed by PQ Method. The results revealed that there are three types of perception about nursing students' attitudes toward the death. The categories were labeled positive-perspective, pain-avoid and preparation-deficiency. Positive-perspective individuals have a positive sense of their life and death. Thus, they would not fear death, believing in an after-life world, while being positive towards donation of intestines after death. Pain-avoid individuals hope life and death without pain. Preparation-deficiency individuals are unprepared to die. In conclusion, this study discovers three types of the perception about nursing students' attitudes toward the perception of death. By identifying the nature of each of these types, this study can be useful to develop efficient strategies for education program on death.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.602-611
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• 2005

Purpose: To understand the meaning of death seen by nursing students through art works. Method: The qualitative research method and the content analysis were used. The text were essays written by 42 senior nursing students about their impressions on death through art works. Result: Statements were classified into six categories and twenty six themes. The six categories include definitions of death, feelings about the death of a main character, responses to the death of the main character, feelings of significant others about the death of the main character, feelings of participants in this study, and oaths of the participants in this study. Conclusion: It is shown that participants recognize their position as nursing students, although they may not escape the fear of death, will learn to cope with death, and the dying in a suitably professional manner. In this respect, the study is considered to be helpful for the students in learning the knowledge and information which are needed for hospice nursing care more effectively.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.115-121
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to examine relation between perception on hospice and attitude toward death to provide baseline data for the development of programs for hospice or death-related education for university students. The survey was performed on 150 students in four universities in B metropolitan city. The data was collected from July 30 to August 13, 2019. Data were analyzed using descriptive analysis, t-test, ANOVA Pearson's correlation coefficient with the SPSS/WIN 26.0 program. The mean of perception on hospice score was 3.06 out of 4, of the attitude toward death, 'neutral acceptance', 'fear of death', 'death avoidance', 'approach acceptance', and 'escape acceptance' had average scores of 5.31, 3.77, 3.56, 3.15, and 3.06, respectively. There were significant differences in perception on hospice according to gender, major, and experience of hospice-related education and in attitude toward death according to gender, major, religion, subjective health status, experience of hospice-related education. The relationship between perception on hospice and neutral acceptance showed a significant positive correlation, and fear of death and death avoidance showed a significant negative correlation. Therefore, we need consider these variables to develop a hospice or death-related education program to enhance university students' attitudes to death and their perception of hospice.