• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.485-491
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• 2009

In order to examine the nutritional value of prickly pear(Opuntia humifusa), contents of ash, protein, fat, minerals and vitamins were determined on freeze-dried stem, fruit, seed and root from plants harvested in autumn. The average moisture contents for stem, fruit, seed and root were 67~87%. Crude ash content determined on dry weight basis was 2~3%. Crude protein existed mostly in seed(2.95%) and root(2.37%). Crude fat was detected mainly in seed(4.49%). Contents of major minerals(mg/100 mg dry weight) was generally higher in stem. Ca in stem(4,142.30) and fruit(2,790.86) were much higher than in seed(43.37). P in stem, seed and fruit were 448.19, 263.20 and 161.59, respectively. Stem also displayed more abundant Mg(1,110.86), Zn(35.62) and Mn(37.07). However, fruit contained higher amounts of Fe(13.38) and Se(0.15). Vitamin A was negligible in all plant parts. Vitamin E contents in fruit and stem were 1.78 mg and 1.22 mg/mg dry weight, respectively. Vitamin C was detected mostly in fruit(445.40) and stem(260.94). Use of a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide-based microtiter assay of cell viability demonstrated an anti-proliferative effect of O. humifusa extract on the MCF-7 estrogen-dependent human breast cancer cell line.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.223-228
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• 2009

The principal objective of this study was to determine the available components in different varieties of Discorea spp. The Discorea spp. samples were divided into three groups by variety. The three groups were divided into Jangma(D. batatas Decaisne), Danma(D. japonica Decaisne), and Doonggunma(D. opposita Thumb), and then assessed with regard to the content of proximate compositions, minerals, sugars, crude saponin, and diosgenin. No substantial differences were noted to exist among samples in terms of carbohydrate and crude protein contents. The crude lipid contents were detected in the following order : Danma(D. japonica Decaisne, $0.71{\pm}0.15%$) > Jangma(D. batatas Decaisne, $0.65{\pm}10.12%$) > Doonggunma (D. opposita Thumb, $0.49{\pm}0.10%$). The Danma(D. japonica Decaisne) samples were determined to harbor the highest K($2.07{\pm}0.91%$), Ca($0.21{\pm}0.12%$), Fe($110.7{\pm}0.0$ mg/kg), Mn($20.6{\pm}3.4$ mg/kg) and Zn($31.2{\pm}3.9$ mg/kg) contents among all tested samples. The predominant sugar components in all samples were mannose($70.7{\pm}1.3{\sim}80.5{\pm}1.5%$), glucose($18.2{\pm}1.2{\sim}28.3{\pm}2.5%$) and sucrose($60.3{\pm}3.7{\sim}83.6{\pm}6.5%$). The crude saponin and diosgenin contents for Jangma(D. batatas Decaisne), Danma(D. japonica Decaisne) and Doonggunma(D. opposita Thumb) varieties were : $1.7{\pm}0.4%$, $3.9{\pm}0.8%$ and $3.2{\pm}0.7%$, and $13.59{\pm}1.74$ mg/g, $14.25{\pm}1.60$ mg/g and $18.00{\pm}1.92$ mg/g, respectively.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.269-277
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• 2017

Medium compositions for the hyperthermophilic archaeon, Thermococcus onnurineus NA1 was statistically optimized to enhance formate-driven hydrogen ($H_2$) production by using response surface methodology. From the Plackett-Burman design-based experiment, it was confirmed that among the minor components of medium such as KCl, $MgSO_4$, $NH_4Cl$, Cystein-HCl, trace elements, Fe-EDTA and $CaCl_2$, the trace elements were screened as the only positively effective components with respect to $H_2$ production. Subsequently, the optimal concentrations of the trace elements and the major components of a medium such as NaCl, yeast extract and sodium formate were determined from the five-level central composite design (CCD)-based experiment. The resulting quadratic model predicted the maximum $H_2$ production of 46.6 mmol/L in serum bottle and it was validated experimentally using the optimal medium initially supplemented with 26.70 g/L of NaCl, 9.81 g/L of sodium formate, 3.50 g/L of yeast extract and 4.59 mL/L of trace elements. From the duplicate batch cultivations in the fermentor using the optimized medium, the a maximum $H_2$ production rate up to 71.8 mmol/L/h could be obtained, which was a 65% enhanced value compared with that obtained using the control medium, showing the high efficiency of the optimized medium.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.131-142
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to investigate differences in the body composition, dietary habits, daily intake of nutrients and clinical blood indices in female college students by body mass index of normal weight, overweight and obese. The subjects of this research were 141 respondents of a survey carried out on students, and subjects were given 60 minutes to answer questionnaires, by recording their own answers. The average heights and weights of subjects by BMI were 162.17 cm, 52.73 kg in normal weight group, 162.35 cm, 62.22 kg in overweight group and 161.72 cm, 69.82 kg in obesity group, respectively. As for the survey daily of meals, starving breakfast and kind of snacks of subjects were significantly different among the groups by BMI. In animal protein food intakes, meat intake was the highest 'every day' food consumed by subjects, and there was a significant difference in distribution of BMI among subjects. Fruits, and greenish and yellow vegetables intakes were the highest 'every day' foods indicated by the normal weight group. Consumption of carbonated beverages and juices showed a significant difference among groups by BMI. The average of total-cholesterol was the overweight group was the higher value. There was a significant difference in diastolic blood pressure and systolic blood pressure among the groups by BMI. Average daily calories intake levels were insufficient and the intake ratio of carbohydrates, protein, and fat was the normal weight group 68 : 17 : 15, the overweight group 64 : 18 : 18 and the obese group 73 : 14 : 13. Results of the daily vitamin intake analyses displayed riboflavin, niacin, vitamin C, and folic acid levels lower than the RI levels. Fe intake was the normal weight group 81%, overweight group 76%, obese group 59% of the RI level. Therefore, it is necessary for college students to establish regular meals, good quality snacks and consuming more vitamin and mineral nutritions for optimal health conditions.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.438-453
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• 2000

The purposes of this study were to estimate nutritional intakes of the long-lived elderly and to obtain the data for establishing dietary guidelines that may be recommended for the general population for the sake of longevity. The subjects of the study were 300 elederly people of age over 85 years living in Kyungpook Sung-Ju area who had no problem in daily living. Four times of food consumption survey were carried out seasonally by the repeated 24-hr recall method for one year. Mean daily energy intakes and RDA percentage of energy intakes of the male and female subjects were estimated as 1222 kcal(67.9%) and 1047 kcal(65.4%) respectively. Mean daily intakes of nutrients were estimated as 38.3g for protein, 287mg for calcium, 5.8mg for iron, 314R.E. for vitamin A, 0.6mg for vitamin B1 and 0.43mg for vitamin B2 The mean RDA percentages of nutrients intake were 64.4% and 59.8% for protein in male and female, 39.8% for Ca, 48.3% for Fe, 44.9% for vitamin A, 60% for vitamin B1, and 35.8% for B2. The average PFC ratio of energy-yielding nutrients throughout the year in male and female were 15.1 : 15.2 : 69.7 and 13.8 : 13.2 : 73.0 respectively. The mean daily intakes of energy and most of nutreints were significantly high in winter season. The contribution of plant food sources to nutrient intakes were over 60% for protein and fat, 50% for calcium, and 70% for iron. Long-lived elderly people an Sung-Ju, Kyungpook showed considerably smaller physiques compared to the avergae Korean elderly, however their average BMI fell in normal range. The subjects were consuming much less energy and nutrients compared to the present Korean RDA for the elderly over age 75. The subject showed relatively good health state in spite of low intakes of energy and nutrients. Therefore it seems to be necessary to establish a set of new RDA for the elderly over age 8.5.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.18-26
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• 2013

This study examined the taste, nutritional and functional characterizations of commercial seasoned sea squirt Halocynthia roretzi (CSS). Total taste values of CSS ranged from 7.6 to 69.5 and the major free amino acids were glutamic acid and aspartic acid. Total contents of amino acids in CSS ranged from 5.91 to 7.59 g/100 g and the major amino acids were also glutamic acid and aspartic acid. When taking 100 g of CSS, the minerals that could be expected to have functional health effects (minerals whose levels were above 10% of the recommended daily requirements) were P, Mg and Fe. Other minerals were also present in non-negligible quantities. In terms of the functional properties of CSS, ACE inhibitory activity was 21.2-37.1%, antioxidative activity was 55.4-90.4%, xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity was 52.9-76.6% and ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitory activity was 0-32%. Antimicrobial activity against Vibrio parahaemolyticus was not detected, but activity against Staphylococcus aureus, groups such as KB, GG, CY, DN, HC and KH, and against Escherichia coli groups such as SF, WD, KB and GG, was detected.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.22-28
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• 2011

With the increasing cultivation of acid-loving plants such as blueberries, the artificial acidification of soils is frequently required. This research was conducted to determine the application rates of elemental sulfur (S) required in the soil acidification for blueberry cultivation. Laboratory incubation experiment was conducted to acidify three arable soils (pH 6-7) of different texture to pH 4.5-5.0 by the addition of varying amounts of elemental S. All rates of elemental S addition reduced soil pH, although the efficacy of acidification was related to the application rate and soil characteristics. pH reduction was slow in sandy loam soil, and the final equilibrium pH was obtained after 60, 43, and 30 days of incubation in sandy loam, loam, and silty clay, respectively. Although the final pHs obtained after 93 days of incubation were not significantly different among the three soils, the equilibrium pH was relatively higher in soil of higher clay content in the application rates of 1.5-2.0 g S $kg^{-1}$ soil. The estimated amounts of elemental S required in lowering pH to 4.5-5.0 were 0.59-1.01, 0.67-1.03, and 0.53-0.88 g S $kg^{-1}$ for sandy loam, loam, and silty clay, respectively. The lowest estimated amount of elemental S in the acidification of silty clay soil was attributable to the low organic matter content. For clay soils containing optimum level of organic matter, the application rates of elemental S should be much higher than those values estimated in this research. Soil acidification did not significantly increase the available concentrations of Ca, Mg and K. Extractable Cu and Zn was not greatly affected by the acidification, but extractable Fe, Mn, and Al in the acidified soils were higher than those found in non-acidified soils. Such increases in solubility are attributable to the dissolution of oxides and hydroxides of the elements.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.393-397
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• 2007

The sonolytic decomposition of NHCs(Nitrogen Heterocyclic Compounds), such as atrazine[6-chloro-N-ethyl-N'-(1-methylethyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine], simazine(6-chloro-N,N'-diethyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine), trietazine(6-chloro-N,N,N'-triethyl-1,3, 5-triazine-2,4-diamine), in water was investigated at a ultrasound frequency of 200kHz with an acoustic intensity of 200W under argon and air atmospheres. The concentration of NHCs decreased with irradiation, indicating pseudo-first-order kinetics. The rates were in the range $1.06{\sim}2.07({\times}10^{-2}min^{-1})$ under air and $1.30{\sim}2.59({\times}10^{-2}min^{-1})$ under argon at a concentration of $200{\mu}M$ of NHCs. The rate of hydroxyl radicals(${\bullet}{OH}$) formation from water is $19.8{\mu}M\;min^{-1}$ under argon and $14.7{\mu}M\;min^{-1}$ under air in the same sonolysis conditions. The sonolysis of NHCs is effectively inhibited, but not completely, by the addition of t-BuOH(2-methyl-2-propanol), which is known to be an efficient ${\bullet}{OH}$ radical scavenger in aqueous sonolysis. This suggests that the main decomposition of NHCs proceeds via reaction with ${\bullet}{OH}$ radical; a thermal reaction also occurs, although its contribution is small. The addition of appropriate amounts of Fenton's reagent $[Fe^{2+}]$ accelerates the decomposition. This is probably due to the regeneration of ${\bullet}{OH}$ radicals from hydrogen peroxide, which would be formed from recombination of ${\bullet}{OH}$ radicals and which may contribute a little to the decomposition.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.749-756
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• 2016

This study shows how the growth of the top part of plants cultivated using the single-row strawberry method, with 12 cm plant spacing, as well as that of plants cultivated through conventional planting, is characterized by the presence of many leaves in the first flower cluster harvest. The leaf area and crown diameter were the largest in the 12 cm spacing method. The hight top fresh weight (59.2 g) was detected wen the 12 cm spacing method was used followed by conventional planting and, 9 cm and 6 cm spacing method. The K and Ca contents in the first flower cluster were the highest when the 12 cm spacing method (2.0% and 2.1%, respectively) and conventional planting, (0.42% and 0.86%, respectively) were used, and these values were significantly higher than the K and Ca contents obtained using the other two methods. The N, P, Mg, Fe, and B contents show no significant differences across the planting methods. The sugar content of the first flower cluster fruits was the highest when the 12 cm spacing method was used, while the sugar content of the fourth flower cluster fruits was highest after conventional planting. Firmness was the highest in the first, third, and fourth flower clusters after conventional planting, while no significant differences were observed for the 6 cm, 9 cm, and 12 cm spacing methods. A yield of 25 g or above during November to December was observed to be the highest when the 12 cm spacing method was used, while a yield of 10-16 g was the highest when both the 9 cm and 12 cm spacing methods werw used. The yield of products in January-April was the highest when the 12 cm spacing and conventional planting methods were used, and total product yield was also the highest for these methods. A significant portion of non-marketable products (39 g) was obtained when the conventional planting method was used.

• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.1-16
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• 1969

The double tracer study on erythrokinetics was carried out experimentally with radioactive iron ($^{59}Fe$) and chromium ($^{51}Cr$) in rabbits. The 0.1% canthalidin solution and 1% pot. perchlomate solution was given subcutaneously to 20 rabbits respectively. 3 and 6 days after injection, the blood chemistry, urine examination, ferrokinetics and apparent half survival time of RBC were ($^{51}Cr\;T\frac{1}{2}$)determined. Following were the results: 1) Red blood cell hematocrit and hemoglobin values were moderately reduced and B.U.N. and serum creatinine values were slight]y inercased in the canthalidin group, while B.U.N. and serum creatinine values were within normal limits in the pot. perchlomate group. Reticulocyte values were slight]y increased in the canthalidin group, while was normal range in the pot. perchlomate group. 2) Blood chemistry finding was not significant statistically in both experimental groups, but serum iron value was moderately reduced in both group. 3) Plasma volume was unchanged in both group, but red cell volume and whole blood volume were slightly reduced in both groups. 4) Results of ferrokinetics were as follows: i) The plasma iron disappearance rate was delayed in both groups. Plasma iron turnover rate, red cell iron utilization and red cell iron turnover rate were decreased in both groups, and then red cell iron turnover rate was more decreased than plasma iron turnover rate in both groups. Circulating red cell iron was slight]y increased in canthalidin group and red cell iron concentration was within normal range in both groups. ii) P.I.T.R.-R.C.I.T. value was moderately increased in the canthalidin group and slightly increased in the pot. perchlomate group. Reticulocyte index, red cell iron turnover index, plasma iron turnover index and effective erythropoiesis index were whole]y reduced in both groups. iii) The red cell life span was slightly shortened in the canthalidin group while was within normal range in pot. perchlomate group. The pathologic finding of renal biopsy of the canthalidin group shows a selective damage in glomerulus, while shows almost normal range or slight damage in tubules. And that of the pot. perchlomate group shows a selective damage in tubules with slight damage of glomerulus.