• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.958-964
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• 2004

This study examined the effects of maternal calcium intake levels on mineral metabolism during pregnancy and lactation. Five week-old female Sprague-Dawley rats were fed normal Ca (NCa, 0.5%) and low Ca (LCa, 0.15%) diets for 5 weeks during preconception. The low Ca intake group was divided into three groups and fed low Ca (0.15%), normal Ca (0.5%) and high Ca (1.5%) diets for 6 weeks during pregnancy and lactation. All of the rats were mated with normal male rats. The control group was consistently fed a normal Ca diet for 11 weeks. Pups were adjusted to 10 per dam. After weaning, dams and their weaned rats were sacrificed. We measured total protein, albumin, alkaline phosphatase and mineral content in serum and weight, length, breaking force, ash and mineral content in bone and kidney. There was no significant difference in weight gain and food intake among the groups. Serum total protein and albumin were in the normal range but slightly decreased with a low Ca diet during preconception. Calcium supplementation above normal level increased bone weight, Ca content and breaking force in femur of maternal and their weaned rats. However, high maternal Ca intake significantly decreased Mg and Fe contents in maternal serum and bone and Mg and Zn contents in serum of weaned rats. Also, it induced Ca, P and Mg deposit in maternal kidney. Our experimental results suggest that Ca deficiency during preconception may deteriorate bone status of mother and their offsprings. Moreover, high Ca supplementation during pregnancy and lactation may lead to disturb mineral metabolism in bone and other tissues.

• Proceedings of the Korean Aquaculture Society Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.68-69
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• 2003

The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation of $\beta$-1,3 glucan and feed stimulants(BAISM) as a feed additive for juvenile olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). Eight experimental diets supplemented with $\beta$-1,3 glucan and feed stimulants at 0%, $\beta$-1,3 glucan 0.05% ＋ Baism 0.45%, $\beta$-1,3 glucan 0.05% ＋ Baism 0.95%, $\beta$-1,3 glucan 0.10% ＋ Baism 0.90%, $\beta$-1,3 glucan 0.10% ＋ Baism 1.90%, $\beta$-1,3 glucan 0.15% ＋ Baism 1.35%, $\beta$-1,3 glucan 0.15% ＋ Baism 2.85% and $\beta$-1,3 glucan 0.30% ＋ Baism 2.70% of diets as a dry-matter(DM) basis were prepared. Three replicate groups of fish averaging 9.2 $\pm$ 0.1g (Mean $\pm$ SD) were randomly distributed in each aquarium as a group of 15 fish and fed one of eight experimental diets for seven weeks. After the feeding trial, $\beta$-1,3 glucan 0.10% ＋ Baism 0.90%, $\beta$-1,3 glucan 0.10% ＋ Baism 1.90% diets had a higher weight gain (WG), feed efficiency(FE), specific growth rate(SGR) and protein efficiency ratio(PER) than did fish fed 0%, $\beta$-1,3 glucan 0.05% ＋ Baism 0.45%, $\beta$-1,3 glucan 0.05% ＋ Baism 0.95%, $\beta$-1,3 glucan 0.15% ＋ Baism 2.85% and $\beta$-1,3 glucan 0.30% ＋ Baism 2.70% (P<0.05). however, there was no significant difference among fish fed $\beta$-1,3 glucan 0.05% ＋ Baism 0.45%, $\beta$-1,3 glucan 0.05% ＋ Baism 0.95%, $\beta$-1,3 glucan 0.15% ＋ Baism 2.85% and $\beta$-1,3 glucan 0.30% ＋ Baism 2.70%(P>0.05). and $\beta$-1,3 glucan 0.10% ＋ Baism 0.90% diets had a higher peak value of CL(Chemiluminescence) and lysozyme activity, than did fish fed the other diets (P<0.05). These results indicated that dietary sipplementation of $\beta$-1, 3 glucan and Baism affected growth, feed efficiency, specific growth rate, protein efficiency ratio, Peak value of CL and Lysozyme activity, and the optimum dietary supplementation level of $\beta$-1, 3 glucan and Baism as a feed additive could be approximately $\beta$-1, 3 glucan 0.10% ＋ Baism 0.90% of diet in juvenile olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus).

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.30 no.8
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• pp.1160-1167
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• 2017

Objective: To assess the effects of proteinate complex zinc (PC-Zn) on growth performance, antioxidative function, trace element concentrations and immune function in weaned piglets. Methods: Three hundred newly weaned barrows ($Duroc{\times}Landrace{\times}Yorkshire$), 28 days of age, were randomly allotted to 3 dietary groups of 5 replicate pens per group for 4 weeks of feeding. Experimental diets were: i) zinc deficient diet (ZnD, 24 mg/kg Zn supplementation from $ZnSO_4$), ii) inorganic Zn diet supplemented with 120 mg/kg of Zn from Zn sulfate ($ZnSO_4$), and iii) organic Zn diet supplemented with 120 mg/kg of Zn from PC-Zn. The body weight of pigs were recorded at the beginning, at the middle and at the end of the experiment, and the amount of feed supplied each day was recorded. Five barrows from each dietary treatment group were selected to be anesthetized and euthanized at the end of the trial to determine the Zn, Cu, Fe, and Mn concentrations, the hepatic metallothionein content, the levels of methane dicarboxylic aldehyde (MDA), Mn, and Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in the spleen, the levels of interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-10, interferon $(IFN)-{\gamma}$, $CD3^+$, $CD4^+$, and $CD8^+$ T lymphocyte. Results: The accumulation of Zn in the spleen, levels of SOD, GSH-Px, IL-4, IL-10, the proportions of $CD3^+$ and $CD4^+$ T lymphocyte, and the ratio of $CD4^+/CD8^+$ T lymphocyte were increased by organic Zn supplementation compared to ZnD, while the levels of MDA, $IFN-{\gamma}$, and proportion of $CD8^+$ T lymphocyte were lowered. Conclusion: These findings indicate that Zn can improve the antioxidant potential and immune functions of weaned piglets.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2008

We determined the effects of dietary supplements for lactic acid bacteria(LAB) such as Lactobacillus brevis(Lb) and Lactobacillus plantarum(Lp) in juvenile rockfish Sebastes schlegeli cultured in flow-through system for 10 weeks. The experimental diets contained $10^4cfu/g,\;10^6cfu/g\;and\;10^8cfu/g$ level each LAB(Lb-4, Lb-6, Lb-8 or Lp-4, Lp-6, Lp-8), respectively. The effects of LAB supplementation was determined by various factor such as weight gain(WG), specific growth rate(SGR), feeding efficiency(FE) and blood assay. For rearing experiment, Lp-8 treatment had significantly high growth rate than control diet treatment. However, all Lb treatment had no significance effect with control diet treatment. In case of the blood assay, hematocrit(Ht) and hemoglobin(Hb) of fish were not affected by LAB supplemental levels. On the other hand, total cholesterol in plasma of Lb-8, Lp-6 and Lp-8 treatments were significantly low than the control diet treatment. We verified the influence of LAB which was originated from species specificity and amount in diet. Consequently, the dietary supplementation as $10^8cfu/g$ level of L. plantarum could be of help for growth enhancement to the juvenile rockfish.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.848-858
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• 1995

The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary vitamin A on the antioxidant status in ethanol-treated rats. Weaning rats were fed a basal diet until they reached about 160-180g body weight. Thereafter, four experimental groups were fed a liquid diet containing 36% ethanol of total calorie and four pair-fed groups were fed isocaloric sucorse instead of ethanol. Additionally, the liquid diet contained adequate amount of ${\beta}-carotene$, retinyl acetate, or 13-cis-retinoic acid except vitamin A deficient diet. The rats were sacrificed after 7 weeks of feedng periods. Significant decrease in hepatic vitamin E content was found in rats treated with chronic ethanol. However, dietary supplementation of retinyl acetate modified the change to some extent. Total vitamin C content of liver increased in vitamin A-deficient or ${\beta}-carotene$ groups with ethanol feeding. The ratio of reduced/oxidized vitamin C increased in the plasma and liver of ${\beta}-carotene$ group with ethanol feeding. Chronic ethanol intake did not change the total glutathione content of rat liver, but increased reduced glutathione(GSH)/oxidized glutathione(GSSG) ratio. This increase in hepatic GSH after chronic ethanol treatment. The changes of Se content in plasma and liver was not consistant. Fe content of liver increased by ethanol treatment, but this increase reduced in rats fed dietary retinyl acetate or 13-cis-retinoic acid. Fe content of plasma increased in vitamin A-deficient and ${\beta}-carotene$ supplemented groups with ethanol intake.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.352-363
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• 2005

The previous extensive in vitro studies on the antioxidative activities of a number of Korean grains, vegetables, seaweeds and mushrooms, and the various combinations of these food source exhibited a wide range of antioxidative activities, and four food mixtures composed of 5 kinds of foods (5A, 5B, 5C and 5D) were designed from 16 selective foods showing. high antioxidant effect, in vitro, to find the good combinations for the meal planning. Mixture 5B or 5C contained very high levels of total flavonoid and polyphenol, and ethanol extract from 5A, 5B or 5C showed very strong inhibitory effects against in vitro $Fe^{2+}-induced$ lipid peroxidation and ethanol extract from 5B or 5C showed remarkable DPPH radical scavenging effect and lipid peroxide-protein conjugation inhibition effect. And in vivo study was also carried out with two mixtures (5B, 5C). Powders (P5B, P5C) or ethanol extracts (E5B, E5C) of these mixtures were supplemented to Sprague-Dawley rats fed on high fat $(15\%)-high$ cholesterol $(1\%)$ semipurified diet for 5 weeks. The total antioxidant power in serum was significantly higher in P5B, P5C, E5B and E5C groups than in high fat control group, and $ascorbate-Fe^{2+}-induced$ TBARS was significantly lowered by E5B supplementation in rat liver. In liver tissue, Cu, Zn-SOD activity was significantly higher in P5B and E5B groups than in high fat control group, while catalase or GSH-peroxidase (GPx) activity was not changed by any supplementations. In kidney, Cu, Zn­SOD activity was significantly higher in P5B group than in high fat control group, while GPx activity was not changed by any supplementations. Taken together, mixture 5B and 5C showed very strong antioxidative effects both in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, the ingredient Korean foods of 5B and 5C could be recommended to take a lot together for prevention from age-related chronic diseases.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.588-596
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• 2020

Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of low doses of organic trace minerals (iron, copper, manganese, and zinc) on productive performance, egg quality, yolk and tissue mineral retention, and fecal mineral excretion of laying hens during the late laying period. Methods: A total of 405 healthy hens (HY-Line White, 50-week-old) were randomly divided into 3 treatments, with 9 replicates per treatment and 15 birds per replicate. The dietary treatments included feeding a basal diet + inorganic trace minerals at commercial levels (CON), a basal diet + inorganic trace minerals at 1/3 commercial levels (ITM), and a basal diet + proteinated trace minerals at 1/3 commercial levels (TRT). The trial lasted for 56 days. Results: Compared to CON, ITM decreased (p<0.05) egg production, daily egg mass, albumen height, eggshell strength, yolk Fe concentration, serum alkaline phosphatase activity and total protein, and increased (p<0.05) egg loss and feed to egg ratio. Whereas with productive performance, egg quality, yolk mineral retention, and serum indices there were no differences (p>0.05) between CON and TRT. The concentrations of Fe and Mn in the tissue and tibia were changed notably in ITM relative to CON and TRT. Both ITM and TRT reduced (p<0.05) fecal mineral excretion compared to CON. Conclusion: These results indicate that dietary supplementation of low-dose organic trace minerals reduced fecal mineral excretion without negatively impacting hen performance and egg quality.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.15-20
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• 2005

To identify and compare the nutritional composition of different kinds of citrus, three examples (Citrus fruit, Kumquat, and Hallabong) were taken from Jeju island in Korea at the same time and their nutritional compositions were measured using the Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC) method. The proximate components (moisture, protein, fat, fiber, ash, and carbohydrates), mineral and vitamin contents were measured. The Nutrient composition revealed some significant differences among the Citrus. The Citrus fruit has more moisture and Fe content than those of the Kumquat. The Kumquat contained more ash, Ca, Na, Mg, Zn, Vitamin A, and B1 than the other Citrus specimens, while the Hallabong had the most protein and Fe. However, fiber, K, Vitamin B₂, C and niacin contents were not significantly different among the specimens. The results demonstrate that the three kinds of citrus used in this study have different nutritional compositions, but they can all be used as a good food for supplementation of K, vitamin A and C. We hope the nutritional analysis of Citrus specimens will be helpful in meeting the consumer's interest in these Citrus, and increase the export of our Citrus produce.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.677-679
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• 2001

Effect of Growell a herbomineral premix was evaluated on performance, organ weight, humoral immune response, tissue and serum trace element profile of boilers. Day old 50 Babcock broiler chicks were randomly divided in two groups (C and T) and reared on deep litter system for 6 weeks of age. Chicks from group C were given basal diet while chicks from T group were fed basal diet supplemented with Growell at the rate 0.35 g/Kg. The chicks were vaccinated with Lasota strain of NCDV at $4^{th}$ and $28^{th}$ day of age. The birds receiving Growell treatment had higher body weight with better feed conversion ratio as compare to that of control chicks. Growell treatment had significantly reduced per cent weight of spleen and kidney, whereas that of bursa was increased. There was no effect of treatment on relative weight of thymus. HI antibody titer against NCDV in Growell treated chicks were higher as compare to untreated chicks indicating better humoral immune status. Growell treatment had no effect on serum Fe and Zn concentration. Dietary supplementation of Growell had significantly increased iron content of liver, kidney and muscle; zinc content of kidney and muscle; copper content of kidney and muscle and Mn content of kidney. Growell treatment improved the body weight, FCR and humoral immune status of broilers. Similarly, deposition of trace minerals in various organs was also increased in comparison to control.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.558-564
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• 2003

A $3{\times}3$ (Fe$\times$VA) experiment with repeats was designed to study the interaction between iron and vitamin A in broilers. 504 broilers were divided into 9 groups (50% males, 50% femals), each group with 4 repeats. Iron supplemental amount was 0, 30 and 60 mg/kg; Vitamin A supplemental amount was 750, 1,500 and 2,700 IU/kg. Iron concentration in liver, serum, tibia and duodenum and vitamin A concentration in liver and serum were measured, and erythrocyte count was also observed. Results showed with the increase of dietary supplemental iron levels, vitamin A concentration in liver significantly decreased lineally (p<0.05) (0.861, 0.671, 0.639 mg/100 g at the end of 4th week; 0.900, 0.765, 0.739 mg/100 g at the end of 7th week), and vitamin A concentration in serum significantly increased lineally (p<0.05) (82.725, 97.842, $109.475{\mu}g/100mL$ at the end of 4th week; 62.288, 91.900, $95.117{\mu}g/100mL$ at the end of 7th week), meaning iron could promote the mobilization of vitamin A from liver to serum. With the increase of dietary supplemental vitamin A levels, liver iron concentration decreased and serum iron concentration increased, vitamin A could promote the mobilization of iron from liver to blood. Iron concentration in Duodenum and tibia and erythrocyte count increased significantly with higher dietary vitamin A supplementation (p<0.01), vitamin A could promote iron absorption, iron mobilization from liver to target tissues and erythropoiesis. Effects of the interaction between iron and vitamin A on vitamin A concentrations in liver and serum, iron concentration in tibia and erythrocyte count were significant (p<0.05).