• Progress in Superconductivity and Cryogenics
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.24-27
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• 2008

For the development of superconducting fault current limiters(SFCLs) having large current capacity, we fabricated an SFCL element that consists of Bi-2212 superconductor and Cu-Ni alloy tubes. First, Ag was plated on the surface of the Bi-2212 for the enhancement of soldering process. On the Ag-plated Bi-2212 tube, a Cu-Ni alloy tube was soldered using optimized solders and soldering conditions. The BSCCO/Cu-Ni composite was processed mechanically to have a helical shape for the improvement of the SFCL characteristics. The total current path of the SFCL element was 1330 mm long with 12 turns, and had critical current of 340 A at 77 K. Finally, we carried out the fault test using the fabricated SFCL element. It showed successful current limiting performance under the fault condition of 50 $V_{rms}$ and 5.5 kA. From the results, the rated voltage of the SFCL element was decided to be 0.4 V/cm, and the power capacity was 12 kVA at 77 K. The fabrication process of the SFCL and the fault test results will be presented.

• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.222-225
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• 2007

In this paper, we compared the current limiting characteristics of both the hybrid type and the flux-lock type superconducting fault current limiters(SFCLs), which have a magnetic coupling structure between a primary winding and several secondary windings. The limiting impedances of two SFCLs were derived from each equivalent circuit considering the design parameters of SFCL such as the self-inductance of secondary winding and the resistance of $high-T_C$ superconducting(HTSC) element. Through the comparison for the limiting impedances of two SFCLs considering the dependence of the HTSC element's resistance on the applying voltage into the SFCL, the hybrid type SFCL was confirmed to have larger limiting impedance with smaller resistance of HTSC element than the flux-lock type SFCL. It was expected from the analysis that the hybrid type SFCL was more advantageous than the flux-lock type SFCL from the viewpoint of the fault current limiting level.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.21 no.8
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• pp.102-106
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• 2007

To apply the flux-lock type superconducting fault current limiter(SFCL) into power system, its current and voltage ratings are required to increase. Especially, in case of series connection of SFCLs, the countermeasure for simultaneous quenches must be considered. The structure, which each flux-lock type SFCL unit was wound in series on the same iron core, can induce the simultaneous quench of superconducting elements. Through the fault current limiting experiment for the suggested structure, it was confirmed that the even voltage burden among the superconducting elements comprising SFCLs could be made.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• summer
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• pp.806-808
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• 2004

The series and parallel connection is essential for increasing power ratings of resistive type for fault current limiters. To increase voltage class, components are connected in series and to increase current level to the nominal value, they are connected in parallel. There are two ways to connect components in series and parallel. First, connected in series and then the module connects to the parallel. Second, connected in parallel and the module connects to the series. We have studied for the two ways. In this paper, we particularly investigated way to connect components in parallel first This way has the advantage of inducing effective simultaneous quench without any other devices, for example, the thing which is inducing magnetic field to the limiting and shunt resistors. And also we studied for the endurance of component which is patterned to the bi-spiral for prospective fault current. It is very important to understand this, because SFCL will use as the only device to decrease burden of circuit breaker. As experimental results, limiting component patterned to bi-spiral endures fault current up to 30kA and it works well, in parallel to series connection,

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.13 no.12
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• pp.1058-1062
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• 2000

We investigated resistive superconducting fault current limites (SFCLs) fabricated using YBCO thin films on 2-inch diameter sapphire substrates. Nearly identical SFCL units were prepared and tested. The units were connected in series and parallel to increase the current and voltage ratings. A serial connection of the units showed significantly unbalanced power dissipation between the units. This imbalance was removed by introducing a shunt resistor to the firstly quenched unit. Parallel connection of the units increased the current rating. An SFCL module of 4 units in parallel, each of which has minimum quench current rating. An SFCL module of 4 units in parallel, each of which has minimum quench current 25 A$\_$peak/, was produced and successfully tested at a 220 V$\_$rms/circuit. From the resistance increase, we estimated that the film temperature increased to 200 K in 5 msec, and 300 K in 120 msec. Successive quenches revealed that this system is stable without degradation in the current limiting capability under such thermal shocks as quenches at 220 V$\_$rms/.

• Progress in Superconductivity
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.241-246
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• 2002

We have performed the current and voltage loading tests of resistive superconducting fault current limiters (SFCLS) based on $YBa_2$$Cu_3$$O_{7}$(YBCO) films with the diameter of 2 inch. The SFCL consists of meander-type YBCO stripes covered with 200 nm Au layer grown in situ for current shunt and heat dispersion at hot spots. The minimum quench current of an SFCL unit was about 25 Apeak. Seven SFCL units were connected in parallel fur the current load ing tests at power source of 100 $V_{rms}$ $/2,000A_{rms}$. This SFCL units had maximum limiting current of 170 Apeak during the fault instant and then successfully controlled the fault current below 100 Apeak within 1~2 msec after short circuit. Increased short current also reduced the quench completion time with little change of current limiting characterization. We connected six SFCL units in series fur the voltage loading tests at power source of $1,200 V_{rms}$/170 $A_{rms}$ at this time. The shunt resistors were inserted into each SFCL unit to eliminate power imbalance originated from serial connection of SFCL units. Each SFCL unit was quenched simultaneously during the fault condition. The current increased up to 40 $A_{peak}$ and decreased to 14 $A_{peak}$ after 3 cycles. Quench was completed within 1 msec after the fault. We confirmed operating characteristics of 140 kVA($120 A_{rms}$ $\times$ 1,200 $V_{rms}$) SFCL and presented the manufacturing possibility of 3.3 kV SFCL using 4 inch YBCO films.BCO films.lms.

• 한국초전도학회:학술대회논문집
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• v.13
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• pp.65-65
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• 2003

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.60 no.2
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• pp.459-463
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• 2011

In this paper we reported the characteristics of 1 line, 2 lines and 3 lines-to-ground fault of matrix-type SFCLs (MFCLs) and the electromagnetic field distribution of reactors for MFCLs under the same cases of ground faults. To do this, we fabricated MFCLs with 6 reactors for 3 phases. Each reactor had the length of 270 mm and diameter of 80 mm. 6 reactors were made by Bakelite. We reported experimental results, including fault currents, fault voltages and magnetic field distribution according to phase differences between each phase. We confirmed that experimental results will be useful in next future plan for real power grid.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of IIIuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers Conference
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• 1996.11a
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• pp.116-121
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• 1996

An image of future power system which has introduced superconducting generator, cable, transformer, fault current limiter, SMES and so on is presented. Conceptual designs of each SC machines and devices are carried out. The SC cable and SFCL utilize the high Tc superconductor(HTS) cooled by liquid $N_2$Other devices use low temperature superconducting cooled by He. The SC power system models are proposed detailedly. In viewpoint of the operation and control SC power system, The concrete design direction and effective role of each SC apparatus are investigated. In this paper, it is pointed that superconducting fault limiters(SFCLs) should play an important part of the quenching current level coordination to prevent the other SC devices from quenching. Finially, SFCL are also expected to he very effective to introduce flexibility of power system configuration and operation due to their possibility to enhance transient stability and reduce short circuit current.

• Progress in Superconductivity and Cryogenics
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.46-50
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• 2003

In the dielectric insulation design of any high temperature superconducting (HTS) apparatus as well as HTS fault current limiter in the electrical power systems, the breakdown characteristics of cryogenic coolants such as liquid nitrogen ($LN_2$) are an important factor of the insulating engineering. Previous reports concerned with the breakdown characteristics of liquid nitrogen have pointed out that bubbles and gaseous nitrogen have a treat influence on their breakdown phenomena, However, useful data for practical insulation design of HTS fault CUITent limiter operating at subcooled L$N_2$ have not been obtained enough. Therefore, this paper presents an experimental investigate of breakdown phenomena in liquid nitrogen under AC voltage, And, we observed the breakdown voltage (BDV) of liquid nitrogen with lowering temperature. The Weibull plots of the breakdown voltage of subcooled $LN_2$ for the needle-plane electrode with d= 10 mm are studied, The dependence of breakdown voltage for needle-plane and pancake coil-pancake coil electrode on temperature is illustrated, The relationship between the AC breakdown characteristics and the temperature were clarified.