• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.114-122
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• 2023

A family of signal transduction pathways known as wingless type (Wnt) signaling pathways is essential to developmental processes like cell division and proliferation. Mutation in Wnt signaling results in a variety of diseases, including cancers of the breast, colon, and skin, metabolic disease, and neurodegenerative disease; thus, the Wnt signaling pathways have been attractive targets for disease treatment. However, the complicatedness and large involveness of the pathway often hampers pinpointing the specific targets of the metabolic process. In our current study, we investigated the differential metabolic regulation by the overexpression of the Wnt signaling pathway in a timely-resolved manner by applying high-throughput and un-targeted metabolite profiling. We have detected and annotated 321 metabolite peaks from a total of 36 human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells using GC-TOF MS and LC-Orbitrap MS. The un-targeted metabolomic analysis identified the radical reprogramming of a range of central carbon/nitrogen metabolism pathways, including glycolysis, TCA cycle, and glutaminolysis, and fatty acid pathways. The investigation, combined with targeted mRNA profiles, elucidated an explicit understanding of activated fatty acid metabolism (β-oxidation and biosynthesis). The findings proposed detailed mechanistic biochemical dynamics in response to Wnt-driven metabolic changes, which may help design precise therapeutic targets for Wnt-related diseases.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Inherited Metabolic disease
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.48-53
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• 2001

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.207-211
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• 2005

Effect of garlic on cholesterol and selenium (Se) levels, and fatty acid composition in the broiler chicks (Indian River) fed diet containing 0, 2, 4, 6, and 10% lyophilized garlic powder (GA) for 6 weeks were determined. Supplementation of garlic powder significantly decreased cholesterol level in broiler compared to the control (p<0.05). Se levels were not significantly different (p>0.05) among treatment groups. Percentages of $C_{16:0}$ and $C_{18:1}$ were gradually decreased ($C_{16:0}$;20.62% of total fatty acid in the control to 17.71 % in 10% GA; $C_{18:1}$;34.08% in the control to 30.71 % in 10% GA), while that of $C_{18:2}$ was increased from 28.69% in the control to 35.89% of 10% GA diet (p<0.0l). These results demonstrate some active components of garlic reduce cholesterol level and affect fatty acid metabolism.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.542-549
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• 1998

Dietary orotic acid is known to induce the fatty liver. Fatty acid profiles in the lipid fraction of the liver and the serum in rats fed with or with orotic acid diet were analyzed. In all the hepatic lipid fraction of rats fed on the supplemented orotic acid diet, there was a significant increased in linoleic acid. In addition, linoleic acid was also increased in the triacylglycerol fraction of hepatic endoplasmic reticulum and the triacylglycerol and diacylglycerol fractions of hepatic Golgi apparatus of the orotic acid-feeding rats. In the time course study of the fatty acid profile in the hepatic triacylglycerol and diacylgycerol fractions, an increase of linoleic acid was observed similarly in the initial stages of orotic acid intake in the both fractions. However, linoleic acid in the serum triacylglycerol fraction of orotic acid-feeding rats increased from day 1, but it began to decrease the increment from day 2, resulting in the lower level of linoleic acid in the serum triacylglycerol fraction of orotic acid-feeding rats than that of rat fed a orotic acid-free diet after 10 days. Oleic acid (18:1) was increased in the only cholesteryl ester fraction of helpatic. However, oleic acid level in other fractions was not changed. The compositions of 14:0, 16:0 and 18:0 was reduced in the hepatic triacylogylcerol, diacylglycerol and cholesteryl ester fractions by orotic acid-feeding. However, these saturated fatty acids were significantly increased in the serum triacylglycerol fractions. The orotic acid indcued changes in linoleic acid level in hepatic triacylglycerol may be explained by the impaired fatty acid metabolism and limited excretion of this fatty acid from liver to serum.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.94-103
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• 2024

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is characterized by excessive accumulation of fat in the liver, and there is a global increase in its incidence owing to changes in lifestyle and diet. Recent findings suggest that p53 is involved in the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; however, the association between p53 expression and the disease remains unclear. Doxorubicin, an anticancer agent, increases the expression of p53. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the role of doxorubicin-induced p53 upregulation in free fatty acid (FFA)-induced intracellular lipid accumulation. HepG2 cells were pretreated with 0.5 ㎍/mL of doxorubicin for 12 h, followed by treatment with FFA (0.5 mM) for 24 h to induce steatosis. Doxorubicin pretreatment upregulated p53 expression and downregulated the expression of endoplasmic reticulum stress- and lipid synthesis-associated genes in the FFA -treated HepG2 cells. Additionally, doxorubicin treatment upregulated the expression of AMP-activated protein kinase, a key modulator of lipid metabolism. Notably, siRNA-targeted p53 knockdown reversed the effects of doxorubicin in HepG2 cells. Moreover, doxorubicin treatment suppressed FFA -induced lipid accumulation in HepG2 spheroids. Conclusively, these results suggest that doxorubicin possesses potential application for the regulation of lipid metabolism by enhance the expression of p53 an in vitro NAFLD model.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.205-211
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• 1994

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of the feeding mixture of linseed oil, rich in n-6 PUFA on the lipid metabolism in the dietary hyperlipidemic rats. After male Sprague-Dawley rats were induced hyperlipidemia by feeding the diet containing lard, butter and cholesterol for 3 weeks. then they were fed with the diet containing lard 3.0% and butter 12.0% for control, the mixture in different proportion of both linseed oil and sunflower seed oil, and antihyperlipidemic drugs for 2 weeks. Analysis of the fatty acid composition of the brain and heart lipids showed following results. In the fatty acid composition of brain lipids, C20:4 and C22:6 were the major fatty acids but showed little difference among the groups. In the fatty acid of heart lipids,C18:2 was the major fatty acid. The proportion of C20:4 decreased gradually as n-3P/n-6P ratio of the test lipids increased in groups 5 (linseed oil 12.0%) to 9 (sunflower seed oil 12.0%) while the proportion of C22:6 was not affected by the fatty acid composition of the test lipids.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.302-310
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• 2020

Although the age-standardized incidence of gastric cancer has decreased in Korea, it remains the second most common type of cancer. The purpose of this study was to analyze the phospholipid fatty acid compositions of gastric mucosa in gastric cancer. Cancerous mucosa and noncancerous mucosa adjacent to cancerous tissues were obtained from 29 patients who had undergone gastrectomy for gastric adenocarcinoma. Phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylinositol (PI), and phosphatidylserine (PS) were separated from phospholipids by thin-layer chromatography, and fatty acids were analyzed by gas chromatography. In cancerous mucosa, saturated fatty acids of total phospholipids and stearic acid of PE and PC contents as well as total phospholipids were significantly more abundant than in noncancerous tissues. The ratios of ω6 fatty acid products to linoleic acid of PC, PE, PI, and PS contents as well as total phospholipids were significantly higher in cancerous mucosa than in noncancerous mucosa. Arachidonic acid levels of PE and PI were significantly higher, but the PC level was lower in cancerous mucosa. These results suggest that the characteristic differences in fatty acid compositions of phospholipids and their subfractions shown in gastric cancerous mucosa may be affected by changes in lipid metabolism in gastric carcinogenesis. Further studies on structural and functional changes in phospholipids related to gastric carcinogenesis will be needed.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.27 no.7
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• pp.687-698
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• 1994

The effects of age and dietary fatty acid composition on lipid metabolism were investigated in Sprague-Dawley strain male rats. These animals weighing 88.6$\pm$2.2g were fed 10% dietary fat(W/W, 20% of total energy) with 0.5, 1, 2 P/S ratio and in each P/S ratio there were three different levels of n-6/n-3 fatty acid ratio ; 2, 4, 8. The experimental period was 1 month, 6 months and 12 months. The results of this study were as follows. The body weight of rats increased rapidly for the first two months, then increased slowly until 7 to 8 months. After 10 months of dietary regimen their weight decreased. The weight of liver, kidney and epidydimal fat pad increased along with the body weight and then decreased in the 12 months. Plasma total lipid increased with age and it decreased significantly when P/S ratio of dietary fatty acid was high. In creased with age and it decreased significantly when P/S ratio of dietary fatty acid was high. In creasing n-3 fatty acid intake in each P/S ratio resulted in lower plasma total lipid although was not statistically significant. The amount of plasma total cholesterol increased at 6 months, but decreased at 12 months. In case of 1, 12 months, increasing P/S ratio significantly plasma total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol were decreased and hepatic cholesterol was increased, VLDL-HDL-cholesterol did not changed. The n-6/n-3 ratio did not affect any of theses. The amount of plasma triglyceride and VLDL-triglyceride increased at 6 month then decreased. When the rats consumed higher amount of n-3 fatty acid in each P/S ratio, their plasma triglyceride and hepatic triglyceride increased at 1, 12months.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.215-220
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• 2013

Fatty acids (FAs) were considered in activating nuclear hormone receptors that play significant roles in the cellular lipid metabolism by the regulation of several genes. Previously, fatty acid synthase (FASN) and stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) genes have been known to regulating the FA metabolism. In this study, associations of FASN and SCD genes with fatty acid (FA) composition in broilers were investigated. Tissue samples from 95 Cobb 500 broilers were used for DNA extraction. The g.1222 A>G SNP located in intron 42 of FASN gene and 2 SNPs in SCD gene, one in exon 2 (g.3728A>G) and the other in exon 4 (g.12903G>A), were subjected for genotyping using PCR-RFLP method. One of the SNPs in SCD gene, SNP g.3728A>G had significant association with myristoleic acid (C14:1; P<0.05), palmitic acid (C16:0; P<0.05), palmitoleic acid (C16:1; P<0.05) and saturated FA (SFA; P<0.05). However, the SNP g.1222A>G in FASN gene had only suggestive association with arachidic acid (C20:0; P=0.08). The findings in this study suggest that the SNP in exon 2 of SCD gene can be used as a molecular marker for selecting birds having desirable FA composition in broilers.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.68-74
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• 2002

Studies of the relationship between the composition of serum fatty acids and blood pressure are complex and controversial. Fatty acids, important constituents of biological membranes, could potentially affect vasoreactivities including blood pressure. In this study the compositions of fatty acids in serum phospholipids were compared between three types of hypertensive subjects (men, pre-menopausal women, and post-menopausal women) and their respective nrmotensive controls. Serum lipids were extracted and phospholipids were separated by thin layer chromatography. The percentage of palmitic acid (16 : 0) in serum phospholipids was significantly higher and the percentage of stearic acid (18 : 0) was significantly lower in all three hypertensive groups, compared with their corresponding control groups. Only in the group of post-menopausal women, palmitic acid was closely associated wish increases in both systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), while stearic acid was associated with decreases in both SBP and DBP. The polyunsaturated fatty acids in serum phospholipids behaved differently from saturated fatty acids. The ratios of products / precursor fatty acids, such as $\sumLCPUFA\omega6/18 : 2\omega$6, 20 : 4$\omega$6/18 : 2$\omega$6, ∑LCPUFA$\omega$3/18 : 3$\omega$3 and 22 : 6$\omega$3/20 : 5$\omega$3, were all clearly associated with both SBP and DBP in hypertensive, post-menopausal women. Desaturation and elongation in fatty acid metabolism could affect the bioavailability of eicosanoid precursors. Changes in the constituent fatty acids of phospholipids and eicosanoid precursors may also influence fluidity, ionic transport, hormone receptors and enzyme activities in biological membranes. In conclusion, both systolic and diastolic blood pressure in post-menopausal women was positively associated with the level of palmitic acid, and negatively associated with the level of stearic acid, in serum phospholipids. The relationships between serum phospholipid-$\omega$6 and $\omega$3 series fatty acids and blood pressure in women, especially in post-menopausal women, require further investigation by taking into consideration hormonal status and eicosanoid metabolism. Funker study is needed to determine the value of dietary manipulation of fatty acid constituents of serum phospholipids, relating to hypertension in women.