• Animal Bioscience
• /
• 제36권7호
• /
• pp.1120-1129
• /
• 2023

Objective: This study aimed to determine the protective efficacy of Buddha's Temple (BT) extract against tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP)-induced oxidative stress in Gallus gallus chicken embryo fibroblast cell line (DF-1) and its effects on the cell lipid metabolism. Methods: In this experimental study, Gallus gallus DF-1 fibroblast cells were pretreated with BT 10^-7 for 24 hours, followed by their six-hour exposure to t-BHP (100 μM). Water-soluble tetrazolium salt-8 (WST-8) assays were performed, and the growth curve was computed. The intracellular gene expression changes caused by BT extract were confirmed through quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Flow cytometry, oil red O staining experiment, and thin-layer chromatography were performed for the detection of intracellular metabolic mechanism changes. Results: The WST-8 assay results showed that the BT pretreatment of Gallus gallus DF-1 fibroblast cell increased their cell survival rate by 1.08%±0.04%, decreased the reactive oxygen species (ROS) level by 0.93%±0.12% even after exposure to oxidants, and stabilized mitochondrial activity by 1.37%±0.36%. In addition, qPCR results confirmed that the gene expression levels of tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), TIR domain-containing adapter inducing IFN-beta (TICAM1), and glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) were regulated, which contributed to cell stabilization. Thin-layer chromatography and oil red O analyses showed a clear decrease in the contents of lipid metabolites such as triacylglycerol and free fatty acids. Conclusion: In this study, we confirmed that the examined BT extract exerted selective protective effects on Gallus gallus DF-1 fibroblast cells against cell damage caused by t-BHP, which is a strong oxidative inducer. Furthermore, we established that this extract significantly reduced the intracellular ROS accumulation due to oxidative stress, which contributes to an increase in poultry production and higher incomes.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• 제26권2호
• /
• pp.131-144
• /
• 1993

본 실험은 식이내 지방의 종류와 수준이 흰쥐의 LCAT활성 및 콜레스테롤 대사에 어떻게 영향을 미치는가를 알아보기 위하여 실시되었다. 식이지바의 종류는 정어리유($\omega$3 linolenic acid) 및 옥수수기름 ($\omega$6 linolic acid)의 네 처리로 나누고 각 처리마다 지방의 수준을 총 에너지의 10%, 20%, 40%등 세수준으로 모두 12군을 두었으며, 식이지바의 무첨가군을 대조구로 두었다. 총 78마리의 Sprague-Dawley 계통 흰쥐 수컷에게 시험식이를 6주간 자유급여하였다. 사양시험 종료 후 간조직에서의 콜레스테롤 합성능력을 알아보기 위해 흰쥐의 간조직을 채취하여 in vitro 배양시험을 실시하였다. 본 시험에서 얻어진 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1) 혈장 총 콜레스테롤, HDL-콜레스테롤. LDL-콜레스테롤농도 및 HDL-C/T-C비율은 식이지방의 종류에 의해 유의하게(p<0.001) 영향을 받았다. ($\omega$3지방산을 많이 함유한 군(정어리유와 들기름)이 ($\omega$6지방산과 포화지방산을 많이 함유한 군(옥수수기름과 우지)에 비해 혈장내 HDL-콜레스테롤농도가 유의성있게(p<0.001)증가하였고, LDL-콜레스테롤농도는 유의성있게(p<0.05) 감소하였다. 혈장내 콜레스테롤농도는 우지군이 다른지방군에 비해(p<0.001),무지방식이군이 식이지방첨가군에 비해 유의하게(p<0.05)영향을 받았다. 2) 혈장 lecithiin : cholesterol acyltransferase(LCAT) 활성은 식이지방첨가군이 무지방식이군보다(p<0.001), 식물성유지군이 동물성지방군보다(p<0.001), 정어리유군이 우지군보다(p<0.001), 들기름군이 옥수수기름군보다(p<0.05), 정어리유군이 들기름군보다 유의성있게(p<0.05) 증가하였다. 저지방식이군이 중지방식이군과 고지방식이군에 비해 혈장내 LCAT 활성이 유의하게9p<0.001) 증가하였다. 3) 간의 콜레스테롤합성 능력은 정어리유군이 다른지방군보다(p<0.001), 무지방식이군이 식이지방첨가군보다(p<0.001), 동물성지방군의 식물성유지군보다 유의하게(p<0.001) 증가하였으나, 식이 지방의 수준에 의한 차이는 나타나지 않았다.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
• /
• 제20권1호
• /
• pp.20-29
• /
• 2010

본 연구에서는 항고지혈, 항당뇨, 항동맥경화 등의 기능성이 잘 알려진 naringin을 이용하여 빛, 열, 산소 등의 산화환경을 개선시킴으로써 지질대사 개선에 대한 유용성이 증가되는지를 알아보고자 하였다. 즉, 불안정한 naringin 등의 flavonoid를 cyclodextrin 분자의 소수성 공동에 포접시켜 안정성을 증가시킴으로써 지질대사가 naringin 단독 보충에 비해 개선되는지를 분석하고, 이 연구 결과를 토대로 건강 기능식품에 적용 가능한지에 대한 여부를 검토하고자 하였다. 이에 20% 고지방식이에 0.02% naringin 및 naringin이 0.02% 첨가되도록 CD-naringin 량을 조절하여 10주간 C57BL/6 mice에 보충한 결과, 체중 및 식이 섭취량에는 차이가 없었으나, HFC 군에 비해 CD-N군 및 N군에서 백색지방 무게가 유의적으로 감소되었다. 뿐만 아니라, CD-N군 및 N군에서 혈장 총콜레스테롤, 유리지방산, 혈당 및 간 조직 콜레스테롤과 중성지방 농도가 HFC군에 비해 유의적으로 감소하였고, 혈장 HDL-콜레스테롤 농도는 유의적으로 증가하였다. 혈장 및 간조직 지질 농도는 간 조직 지질대사 관련 효소 활성도와 일치하는 경향을 보여주었는데, CD-naringin 및 naringin 보충은 지방산 산화 증가에는 효과가 없었으나, 간 조직 지방산, 중성지방 및 콜레스테롤 합성 억제에는 매우 효과적인 것으로 나타났다. 또한 지질대사 관련 호르몬 및 adipokine 농도 비교결과, 혈장 인슐린 농도는 CD-naringin 및 naringin 보충에 의해 유의 적으로 감소되었으나, leptin, adiponectin, resistin, IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6 등은 유의적인 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 또한 췌장 lipase 억제제로서 비만 치료제로 이용되고 있는 orlistat에 비해 지질대사 개선 효과가 비슷하게 나타났으나, orlistat와는 다른 기전에 의한 지질대사 개선 효과로 보인다. 결론적으로, CD-naringin inclusion complex 및 naringin 단독 보충은 장기간의 고지방식이에 의한 지질대사 이상 및 인슐린 저항성 개선 효능을 기대해 볼 수 있으나, 혈장 leptin, resistin, IL-$1{\beta}$ 등의 염증성, 인슐린 저항성을 증가시키는 호르몬/adipokine 농도 감소 및 인슐린 저항성 개선 또는 항염증성 adipokine인 혈장 adiponectin 및 IL-6 농도 증가에 대한 효과는 나타나지 않는 것으로 판단되며, 두 물질의 효능 차이 또한 나타나지 않아 건강기능식품에 적용하기 위해서는 항산화 효과에 대한 CD-naringin의 유용성 연구가 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
• /
• 제24권1호
• /
• pp.69-77
• /
• 2009

본 연구는 농산물 수입개방으로 우리농산물의 고부가가치 창출에 힘써야 하는 이때에 비만인구의 증가과 이에 따른 순환기계질환의 심각성을 인식하고 예부터 기호식품이나 대용식량으로 널리 이용되어 왔던 밤을 이용하여 기능성식품으로서의 가치를 알아보고자 하였다. 실험은 일주일에 5번씩 총 5주 동안 5주령의 수컷 SD rat를 대상으로 밤시료를 경구투여하였다. 실험군은 음성대조군(non chestnut group), 과육 저용량 투여군(0.16 g/kg), 과육 고용량 투여군(0.5 g/kg), 과육내피 저용량 투여군 (0.16 g/kg), 과육내피 고용량 투여군(0.5 g/kg)으로 구분하여 지질대사와 항혈전능에 미치는 영향을 비교 분석하였다. 실험결과 랫드의 체중증가량과 상대장기중량에서 통계학적으로 유의적인 변화가 관찰되지 않았지만, 사료섭취량과 체중증가량을 이용하여 각 군의 5주간 식이효율을 구해보았을 때 과육 저용량군의 식이효율이 대조군의 식이효율보다 유의적으로 감소하였다. 혈청 중 triglyceride, free fatty acid의 수치는 과육내피 고용량군을 제외하고 대조군에 비하여 감소하는 경향을 나타내었으며, total lipid의 수치는 모든 투여군이 대조군에 비하여 감소하였고 특히 과육 저용량군, 과육 고용량군, 과육내피 저용량군에서 수치가 유의적으로 감소하였다. 한편, glucose의 수치는 대조군에 비해 과육 고용량군, 과육내피 고용량군에서 유의적인 증가를 관찰할 수 있었다. 혈청 total cholesterol과 HDL-cholesterol의 수치를 이용한 Atherogenic index 즉, 동맥경화지수는 대조군과 비교하여 봤을 때 모든 투여 군에서 증가하는 경향을 보였지만 특히 과육 고용량군과 과육내피 고용량군의 수치가 과육 저용량군과 과육내피 저 용량군의 수치보다 높은 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 결과를 종합해 봤을 때 내피를 함유한 식이보다 과육만을 함유한 식이가 랫드에서 지질대사와 항혈전능에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 우리나라에서 대량으로 생산되고 있는 밤나무 열매의 과육이 기능성 건강식품의 소재로 이용될 수 있는 적절한 물질이라 판단된다.

• Nutritional Sciences
• /
• 제8권1호
• /
• pp.23-27
• /
• 2005

The major garlic component, Allicin [diallylthiosulfinate, or (R, S)-diallyldissulfid-S-oxide] is known for its medicinal effects, such as antihypertensive activity, microbicidal activity, and antitumor activity. Allicin and diallyldisulfide, which is a converted form of allicin, inhibited the cholesterol level in hepatocytes, in vivo and in vitro. The metabolism of allicin reportedly occurs in the microsomes of hepatocytes, predominantly with the contribution of cytochrome P-450. However, little is known about how allicin affects the genes involved in the activity of hepatocytes in vivo. In the present study, we used the short-term intravenous injection of allicin to examine the in vivo genetic profile of hepatocytes. Allicin up-regulate ten genes in the hepatocytes. For example, the interferon regulator 1 (IRF-I), the wingless-related MMTV (mouse mammary tumor virus) integration site 4 (wnt-4), and the fatty acid binding protein 1. However, allicin down-regulated three genes: namely, glutathione S-transferase mu6, a-2-HS glycoprotein, and the corticosteroid binding globulin of hepatocytes. The up-regulated wnt-4, IRF-1, and mannose binding lectin genes can enhance the growth factors, cytokines, transcription activators and repressors that are involved in the immune defense mechanism. These primary data, which were generated with the aid of the Atlas Plastic Mouse 5 K Microarray, help to explain the mechanism which enables allicin to act as a therapeutic agent, to enhance immunity, and to prevent cancer. The data suggest that these benefits of allicin are partly caused by the up-regulated or down-regulated gene profiles of hepatocytes. To evaluate the genetic profile in more detail, we need to use a more extensive mouse genome array.

• 대한예방한의학회지
• /
• 제18권2호
• /
• pp.101-113
• /
• 2014

Objective : Ephedra Herba has been widely used for patients with common cold, asthma in eastern countries, especially china japan and korea. Recently it has been also used for obesity in clinic with high frequency. This study was designed to investigate the effects of Ephedra Herba ethyl-acetate fraction (EEAF) on hyperlipidemic mice. Method : Effects on total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglyceride, AST, ALT, fasting blood glucose in serum were measured in this experiment, and in addition, histopathological and gene expression changes in liver tissue was also observed. Results : In our study, EEAF did not affect weight gain in hyperlipidemic mice. Oral administration of EEAF lowered levels of total cholesterol which were elevated by induction of hyperlipidemia. And administration of EEAF lowered fasting blood glucose significantly. By carrying out ontological analysis, large numbers of genes were identified in up or down regulated genes. The expression of the genes that were altered in response to high-fat diet was restored to normal levels in EEAF treated mice, with a recovery rate of 49%. And it was considered that fatty acid metabolism was one of important key pathway of the recovery. Conclusion : Results in our study suggest that EEAF can prevent obese and through regulation of dyslipidemia and hyperglycaemia.

• 대한의생명과학회지
• /
• 제11권1호
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 2005

Fibrates are a class of hypolipidemic agents whose effects are mediated by activation of a specific transcription factor called the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor $\alpha\;(PPAR\alpha).\;PPAR\alpha$ regulates the pathways of lipid catabolism such as fatty acid oxidation and the triglyceride metabolism, resulting in the treatment of hyperlipidemia. The decreased levels of plasma triglycerides by fibrates are responsible for hypertrophy and hyperpalsia of adipose cells. To determine whether fenofibrate regulates adipogenesis in female C57BL/6J mice, we measured the effects of fenofibrate on not only body weight, adipose tissue mass and serum triglycerides, but also the histology of adipose tissue and the expression of adipocyte marker genes. Fenofibrate did not inhibit high fat diet-induced increases in body weight, adipose tissue mass and serum triglycerides. Furthermore, fenofibrate did not cause the changes in the size and number of adipocytes and the expression of adipocyte-specific genes such as leptin and $TNF\alpha$. Therefore, this study demonstrates that fenofibrate does not affect adipogenesis in female mice.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• 제27권9호
• /
• pp.923-929
• /
• 1994

The effects of vitamin B6 deficiency on energy utilization during fasting or underfeeding were studied in rats. Fifteen rats were fed a vitamin B6 deficient(-B6) diet and another 15 rats wee fed a control (+B6) diet. These rats were fed for 5 weeks with respective diet, and then subdivided into 3 groups : non-fasted group, fasted group, underfed group. Rats of the fasted group were fasted for 3 days and those of underfed group for 6 days. At the respective time (non-fast, 3 day-fast, 6 day-underfeed at 5 weeks), animals were sacrificed. Feed efficiency ratio of - B6 rats was significantly lower than that of +B6 rats. In - B6 rats, the liver and kidney weights were significantly heavier than those of +B6 rats but spleen and heart weights were not. In non-fasted group, liver protein and triglyceride level of - B6 rats were significantly higher than that of +B6 rats. After - B6 rats were fasted for 3 days, plasma free fatty acid level was significantly lower but liver glycogen level was higher than that of +B6 rats and muscle protein level of +B6 was decreased while that of - B6 was not changed. Vitamin B6 deficiency had little effect on the energy utilization with 6 days underfeeding. These results suggest that vitamin B6 deficiency may impair the utilization of stored fuel during fasting.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• 제30권7호
• /
• pp.743-750
• /
• 1997

The hypoglycemic effects of 2 mushrooms, Pleurotus ostreatus and Lentinus edodes, on streptozotocin(STZ) induced diabetic rats were investigated in this study . Diabets mellitus was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats by the injection of STZinto the tail vein at a dose of 45mg/kg. Sprague-Dawley male rats(200-250g) were assigned to one control and three STZ-diabetic groups. Diabetic groups were assigned to STZ-control, pleurotus ostreatus and Lenitinus edodes groups. All groups were fed a AIN 76 diet. The two experimental groups were fed with each protein-bound polysaccharide(150mg/kg BW) for 14 days and with carboxymethyl cellulose for STZ-control group. The body weight gain was monitored and the blood levels of glucose and cholesterol were measured . Levels of protein triglyceride, and free fatty acid in plasma were analysed. Serum aminotransferase activity as also measured. The body weight gain was lower in the all diabetic groups than in the of normal group. The weight of spleen was reduced by adminstration of the Lentinus edodes protein-bound polysaccharides. The result suggest that orally administered Lentinus edodes protein-bound polysaccharides exhibited hypoglycemic effect in STZ -induced diabetic rats and that these protein-bound polysaccharides may be useful for the management of diabetes mellitus.

• 대한의생명과학회지
• /
• 제15권3호
• /
• pp.171-177
• /
• 2009

This study investigated whether increased adiposity is prevented by estrogen replacement in female ovariectomized (OVX) C57BL/6J mice, an animal model of human menopause and whether these metabolic changes reflect the inhibitory action of estrogen on peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor $\gamma$ ($PPAR{\gamma}$)-regulated gene expression. Treatment of $17{\beta}$-estradiol for the last one week of the experiment decreased high fat diet-induced body weight gain and white adipose tissue mass compared to OVX control mice. Histological analysis showed that administration of $17{\beta}$-estradiol to mice decreased the size of adipocytes in parametrial adipose tissue versus OVX control mice. In addition, $17{\beta}$-estradiol reduced the adipose expression of $PPAR{\gamma}$ as well as $PPAR{\gamma}$ target genes such as adipocyte fatty acid binding protein and tumor necrosis factor $\alpha$. These results suggest that $17{\beta}$-estradiol may inhibit adiposity through reducing the $PPAR{\gamma}$ activities in female OVX mice.