• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.122-140
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• 2001

The aims of this study were to understand and to predict the determinent factors affecting the exercise behaviors and physical fitness by testing the Pender's revised health promotion model, and to help the patients with rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis perform the continous exercise program, and to help them maximize the physical effect such as muscle strength, endurance, and functional status and mental effects including self efficacy and quality of life, and improve the physical and mental well being, and to provide a basis for the nursing intervention strategies. Of the selected variables in this study, the endogenous variables included the physical fitness, exercise score, exercise participation, perceived benefits of action, perceived barriers of action to exercise, activity-related affect(depression) and perceived self-efficacy, interpersonal influences(family support), situational factors(duration of arthritis, fatigue) and the exogenous variables included personal sociocultural factor(education level), personal biologic factor(body mass index), personal psychologic factor(perceived health status) and prior related behavior factors(previous participation in exercise, life-style). We analyzed the clinical records of 208 patients with rheumatoid arthritis and degenerative arthritis who visited the outpatient clinics at H university hospital in Seoul. Data were composed of self reported qustionnaire and good of fitness score which were obtained by padalling the ergometer of bicycle for 9 minutes. SPSS Win 8.0 and Window LISREL 8.12a were used for statistical analysis. Of 75 hypothetical paths that influence on physical fitness, exercise participation, exercise score, perceived benefits of action, perceived barriers of action to exercise, activity-related affect(depression) and perceived self-efficacy, interpersonal influences(family support), situational factors(duration of arthritis, fatigue), 40 were supported. The physical fitness was directly influenced by life-style, perceived health status, education level, family support, fatigue, which explained 12% of physical fitness. The exercise participation were directly influenced by life-style, education level, past exercise behavior, perceived benefits of action, perceived barriers of action, depression and duration of arthritis, which explained 47% of exercise participation. Exercise score were directly affected by perceived self efficacy. BMI, life-style, past exercise behavior, perceived benefits of action, family support, perceived health status. perceived barriers of action, and fatigue, which explained 70%. Perceived benefits of action was directly influenced by BMI, life-style, which explained 39%. Perceived barriers of action were directly influeced by past exercise behavior, perceived health status, which explained 7%. Perceived self efficacy were directly influeced by level of education, perceived health status, life-style, which explained 57%. Depression were directly influeced by past exercise behavior, BMI, life-style, which explained 27%. Family support were directly influeced by life-style, perceived health status, which explained 29%. Fatigue were directly influeced by BMI, life-style, perceived health status. which explained 41%. Duration of arthritis were directly influeced by life-style, past exercise behavior, BMI, which explained 6%. In conclusion, important variables for physical fitness were life-style, and variable affecting exercise participation were life-style. Perceived self-efficacy of exercise was a significant predictor of exercise score. BMI, Life-style, perceived benefits of action, family support, past exercise behavior showed direct effects on perceived self-efficacy. Therefore, disease related factor should be minimized for physical performance and well being in nursing intervention for patients with rheumatoid arthritis, and plans to promote and continue exercise should be seeked to reduce disability. In addition, Exercise program should be planned and performed by the exact evaluation of exercise according to the ability of the patients and the contents to improve the importance of exercise and self efficacy in self control program, dedicated educational program should be involved. This study suggest that the methods to reduce the disease related factors, the importance of daily life-style, recognition of benefit of exercise, and educational program to promote self efficacy should be considered in the exercise behavior promotion and nursing intervention for continous performance. The significance of this study is also thought to provide patients with chronic arthritis the specific data for maximal physical and mental well being through exercise, chronic therapeutic procedure, daily adaptation and confrontation in nursing intervention.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.99-106
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• 1999

This study was conducted to provide a direction for improving the performance of triangular-type belt clutch. The power transmission characteristics and the wear of belt were investigated for two types of pulley set theoretically and experimentally. The results of research were summarized as follows: 1) Based on the theoretical analysis for the life time of belt, the wear of belt could be reduced by increasing the sizes of driving V-pulley and tension pulley, and by decreasing the tension on V-belt. 2) The pulley set # 2 could transmit more power than the pulley set # 1 could at the same slop rate. While the slip rate was 2.36% on the pulley set # 2 at the maximum power transmission, the slip rate on the pulley set # 1 was increased up to 12.2% at the same condition. 3) From the 16 hours' fatigue test, the wear of belt used n the pulley set # 1 was observed severer than that in the pulley set#2. Also, it was found that the tensile strength of belt used in the pulley set # 2 was greater than that of belt used in the pulley set # 1.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.153-174
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• 2012

Micromechanical facture models can be used to predict ductile fracture in steel structures. In order to calibrate the parameters in the micromechanical models for the largely used Q345 steel in China, uniaxial tensile tests, smooth notched tensile tests, cyclic notched bar tests, scanning electron microscope tests and finite element analyses were conducted in this paper. The test specimens were made from base metal, deposit metal and heat affected zone of Q345 steel to investigate crack initiation in welded steel connections. The calibrated parameters for the three different locations of Q345 steel were compared with that of the other seven varieties of structural steels. It indicates that the toughness index parameters in the stress modified critical strain (SMCS) model and the void growth model (VGM) are connected with ductility of the material but have no correlation with the yield strength, ultimate strength or the ratio of ultimate strength to yield strength. While the damage degraded parameters in the degraded significant plastic strain (DSPS) model and the cyclic void growth model (CVGM) and the characteristic length parameter are irrelevant with any properties of the material. The results of this paper can be applied to predict ductile fracture in welded steel connections.

• Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.50-63
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• 2016

Objectives: The aim of this study is to analyze methods and outcomes about fasting for obesity in korea medicine research. Methods: We searched the studies with key words of 'obesity' and 'fasting or starvation' in Korean database (Korean traditional knowledge portal, OASIS, KISS, KMBASE, DBPIA, RISS). Studies were analyzed for contents, evaluation methods and adverse effects. Results: Twenty-one studies were reviewed. Studies were published in 1983~2015. 1. Studies can be classified into three types: comparative study on before and after, comparative study between groups, case study on other disease occurred during the fasting therapy period. 2. The most common step of fasting were 3 steps: reducing food intakes period (3~5 days), fasting period (7~10 days) and refeeding period (3~5 days) and additional period-diet period (28 days). 3. The most common evaluation methods were body weight (BW), body fat mass (BFM), muscle weight (MW), fat free mass, body mass index, body fat percentage, etc. 4. BW, BFM, MW were reduced largely in fasting period. 5. The most common adverse effects were fatigue, nausea, headache, vomiting, insomnia, etc. Conclusions: As a result of the review papers, fasting therapy have positive effects for obesity. To verify the effectiveness of the fasting, more studies are needed such as randomized controlled trial.

• 대한상한금궤의학회지
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.121-143
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• 2016

Objective : This study is to report 4 Eumyangyeokchahunobok-byung cases diagnosed and treated according to newly hypothesized Eumyangyeokchahunobok-byung definition based on Shanghanlun disease pattern identification diagnostic system. Methods : We analyzed 4 clinical cases diagnosed with Eumyangyeokchahunobok-byung and treated by herbal medicine, which included in Eumyangyeokchahunobok-byung chapter of Shanghanlun according to newly hypothesized definition. Results : Dermatology Life Quality Index decreased from 25 to 10 on first patient, dizziness handicap inventory decreased from 64 to 2 on second patient, dizziness handicap inventory also decreased from 56 to 2 on third patient, and fatigue severity scale decreased from 7 to 2 on fourth patient. Conclusions : Not only all the patients' chief complaints relieved but their other clinical problems such as allergic rhinitis, body pain, constipation, reflux esophagitis also improved. These results highly insist that there is quite a possibility that Eumyangyeokchahunobokbyung means various diseases caused by reversed sleep cycle.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.96-110
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• 1996

Aging ships can suffer structural damage due to corrosion, fatigue crack etc., and possibility of catastrophic failure of seriously damaged ships is very high. To reduce the risk of loss of ships due to hull collapse, it is essential to evaluate ultimate hull strength of aging ships taking into account various uncertainties associated with structural damages. In this paper, ultimate strength-based reliability analysis of ship structures considering wear of structural members due to corrosion is described. A corrosion rate estimate model for structural members is introduced. An ultimate limit state function of a ship hull is formulated taking into account corrosion effects. The model is applied to an existing oil tanker, and reliability index associated with hull collapse is calculated by using the second-order reliability method (SORM). Discussions on structure safety of corroded ships are made.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.23-31
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• 2003

본 연구는 상지운동 동안에 복부에 적용된 압력이 요부와 복부의 근피로도에 미치는 영향을 알아보았다. 연구대상자는 성인 남자 5명이었다. 연구대상자가 10 repetitions maximun (RM) 무게의 아령을 이용하여 1분 동안 상지운동을 수행 시 0 mmHg, 저압(30 mmHg), 중압(70 mmHg), 고압(100 mmHg)의 외부 압력이 복부에 적용되었고, 복직근, 외복사근, 내복사근, 척추기립근에서 근전도 자료가 수집되었다. 주파수 분석을 통하여 적용된 압력에 따라 각각의 근육에서 초기 10초 구간과 말기 10초 구간의 중앙주파수로 피로지수를 측정하였다. 통계학적 분석방법은 반복측정된 이요인 분산분석 ($4{\times}4$)과 사후검정을 이용하였다. 그 결과 압력의 차이에 의한 주효과가 나타났으며, 사후검정결과 0 mmHg 압력에 비해 30 mmHg, 100 mmHg에서 각각 피로지수가 유의하게 낮았다(p=.04, p=.015). 본 연구의 결과를 통하여 복부에 적용된 압력 (30 mmHg, 100 mmHg)이 근육의 피로도를 감소시킬 수 있음이 나타났다. 요부벨트를 이용하여 작업을 수행할 때, 고유수용성 감각 입력을 증가시키고 재손상을 방지하는 목적이외에도 근피로도를 감소시킬 수 있다는 가능성을 알 수 있었다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.50-56
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• 2007

Exhaust manifold is generally subjected to thermal cycle loadings ; at hot condition, large compressive plastic deformations are generated, and at cold condition, tensile stresses are remained in highly deformed critical zones. These phenomena originate from the fact that thermal expansions of the runners are restricted by inlet flange clamped to the cylinder head, because the former is less stiff than the latter and, the temperature of the inlet flange is lower than that of the runners. Since the failure of an exhaust manifold is mainly caused by geometric constraints between the cylinder head and the manifold, the thermal stress can be controlled by geometric factors. The generic geometric factors include the inter distance (2R), the distance from the head to the outlet (L), the tube diameter(d) and the tube thickness (t). This criteria based on elastic analysis up to onset of yield apparently indicate that the pre-stress also reduces the factor; however, high temperature relaxation may reduce this effect at later operation stage.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.139-154
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• 1996

In nursing, diet considering client's health condition is very important interention to maintin and improve client's health. The purpose of this stude is to verify the effect of dict considering four constituional theory. The sample of this study was the professors and instructors and assistant teacher of department of nusing in K university, The sample was randomized two groups. Both groups was taken pretest. And the one group(experimentl group)' s memberes ate four consitutional foods for 2 monthes which everyone maches his four constitutional theory, After 2 monthes, both groups was taken prottest. In this study, two tools were used, One was C.M.I(Conell Medical Index) checking preson's health state. The other was four consitntional dict tabal which was using the four constitutional department in Kyung Hee Oritental Hospital. Data was analyzed by SPSS. The result was that as follows 1. Both groups was very similary in general characteristics. except marital status. 2. Both groups's physical psychological healthy state were significantly different. especially digestive system, skin. fatigue, past illness part. 3. Physical. psychological health state of experimental group was significantly improved more than that of the control group So I suggest that this study should be repeatly taken on the other groups.

• Asian Journal for Public Opinion Research
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.121-139
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• 2015

"Living in the present moment," a Buddhist concept, was applied in this research. This concept urges the patients to cling neither to the past nor the future as well as being mindful of their body, feelings, mind, and mental qualities. The purpose of the study was to develop a "living in the present moment" model and to evaluate the power of "living in the present moment" in terms of physical and mental results. The study used non-participatory action research with quasi-experimental research design that included 3 camps composed of 6 main activities. The percentages, SD, and paired t-test statistics were used to analyze and compare 17 purposively selected diabetic patients from Pak Thong Chai Hospital before and after they attended the 3 camps. The patients improved significantly in terms of waistline, body weight, body mass index (BMI) and blood pressure (SBP and DBP). The mean of fasting plasma glucose (FPG) level was also changed considerably. The results revealed that the treatment helped the patients to gain self-awareness and self-realization (Yonisomanasikara), as well as knowledge and increased support from friends (Kalyanamitta). They also let go of their attachment to their physical and mental oppressions. This helped the patients to relieve their daily pain, fatigue, insomnia, and diabetes-related complications. About 75% of all patients were able to achieve lifestyle modifications. Therefore, implementation of the model should be expanded and utilized in other diabetic centers. The model might also be expanded to pre-diabetes.