• Human Ecology Research
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• v.51 no.6
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• pp.613-622
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to investigate infants' development, parenting characteristics, and the infants' daily routines by monthly family income, and examine variables related to infants' development. The 2010 data of the panel study on Koreans were used. The sample for this analysis was 1,802 children aged 21-23 months and their parents. The data were analyzed with ANOVA, Pearson's correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis with SPSS version 18.0. The results were as follows: First, the development of infants differed by the family income. Infants' communication and problem solving skills in families with an income at the 25th percentile or below was lower than those above the 25th percentile. Second, parenting characteristics differed by family income. In the lower income group, the mother's parenting stress was highest, but the father's parenting time on weekends was lowest. Third, the most frequent activity of infants differed by family income. Playing with friends or caregivers was lowest, but watching TV and videos was highest in the lower income family group. Fourth, there was a relation among infants' development (communication and fine motor skills) and parenting characteristics (mother's parenting style, stress, and father's parenting time on weekends), and the infants' daily routines (playing with friends or caregivers). Fine motor development was affected by playing with a caregiver.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.283-295
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships among parent-adolescent communication, adolescents self-esteem, social development, and home environment. Home environment includes sex, father's vocations, mother's employments, parents educational level, and religions. 275 adolescents (186 males and 89 females students) were selected from middle schools in Seoul. The results indicated that there was no significant difference in parent-adolescent communication, adolescents self-esteem and social development according to environmental factors, such as parents' age, educational level, and religions. Also adolescents self-esteem was highly correlated with parent-adolescent communication, especially with mother-adolescent open communication. Finally, adolescent development of sociality was highly correlated with parent-adolescent communication, but not significant relationship with mother-adolescent reverse-functional communication.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.127-144
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• 2022

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the relative influences of senior elementary school children's communication level with their fathers and peer competence on their happiness. Methods: The subjects of this study were 310 fifth and sixth grade students attending elementary school in Jeollanam-do. They responded to the level of communication with their fathers, peer competence, and happiness. For the data, t-test, Pearson's correlation analysis, and hierarchical regression analysis were performed. Results: First, there were some statistically significant differences according to gender differences in self-esteem and a sub-factor of happiness and the differences according to grades in open-type communication and problem-type communication. Second, it was found that children's happiness was highly correlated with communication with their fathers and peer competence. Third, the factors having the greatest relative influence on overall happiness were in the order of peer competence, open-type communication, problem-type communication, and gender. The variables influencing and the order of relative influence differed according to sub-factors of happiness. Conclusion/Implications: The present study revealed that peer competence has a significant impact on children's happiness. The results of this study suggest that research and development of convergent programs that can improve communication with fathers, peer competence, and children's happiness are necessary.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.115-129
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of parenting behavior and parent-child communication on elementary school children's multiple intelligence. 321 children selected from two elementary schools and their mothers participated in the study. Data were collected using the multiple intelligence index, parenting behavior inventory and parent-child communication index. The data were statistically analyzed using the t-test, one-way ANOVA(Duncan test), and multiple regression analysis. The study showed that there were some significant differences in children's multiple intelligence according to the children's gender, income, mother and father's educational background. There were some significant differences in children's multiple intelligence according to the parenting behavior, warmth acceptance and permissiveness nonintervention behaviors, and to the parent-child open communication and problematic communication. It was also found that children's gender, family income, warmth acceptance behavior, permissiveness nonintervention behavior, open communication and problematic communication were all significant predictors of the children's multiple intelligence. Implications based on this study are as follows; in order to increase the children' multiple intelligence, parents should be warmer and more accepting and have open communication with their children.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.111-126
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to investigate the moderating effects of perceived father's rearing attitudes on the relationship between self-efficacy and smartphone addiction in adolescents. A survey was conducted using a convenient sample drawn from 570 students from eleven junior high school in Seoul. Data were analyzed using SPSS 20.0 program. The results show that 22.4% of students was in the risk of smatphone addiction. High risk of smartphone addiction group use smartphone longer for communication and had more trouble with their parents because of smartphone use. Smartphone addiction showed negative relationship with self-efficacy and affection-rational explanation of perceived father's rearing attitude but had positive relationship with inconsistency-intrusiveness of perceived father's rearing attitude. Furthermore, the result showed the moderating effects of perceived father's rearing attitude on the relationship between self-efficacy and smartphone addiction. Therefore, to prevent smartphone addiction in adolescent, we should try to increase self-efficacy in adolescent as well as to develop educational program to assist parent to understand their children.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.15-26
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of personal psychological variables(cognitive flexibility, emotion dysregulation, subjective health condition), family variables(marital satisfaction, father-adolescent communication) and job satisfaction on the psychological well-being of middle-aged men. For this research, questionnaires were administered to 550 middle-aged men residing in Seoul, Gyeonggi and Incheon. Among 352 questionnaires collected, 327 were selected and statistically analyzed by average, standard deviation, frequency analysis, t-test, one-way ANOVA, and hierarchical regression analysis using SPSS Win 21.0. The main results of the study are as follows: First, according to middle-aged men's social-demographic variables, the level of their psychological well-being differed significantly. Second, cognitive flexibility was the most significant predictor of their psychological well-being. In addition, emotion dysregulation, job satisfaction, father-adolescent communication, and subjective health condition were significant predictors. These results suggest that cognitive reconstruction training or problem-solving intervention could be useful for the psychological well-being of middle-aged men.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.183-202
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• 1992

This study was undertaken to evaluate the living condition and the reality of visiting part-time workers through the survey. On the matter of living condition, the most difficult problem is financial problem followed by residential problem. On the matter of female's household labor, there was a considerable difference according to the houseband's age and academic background, and family monthly income. On the question of family relationship, it was found that there was rare communication between children and father because father was rigid to talk with. In the case of mother and children, they could not find time to talk with each other. In the group of the old aged, they work to make their living. On the other hand, in the group of younger generations and the higher educated, they replied that they should work whatever the work is. It was found that they were subjected to their work because of their financial situation and that they were under the double yoke of family and work because there were no legal protection and organizational devices.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.300-307
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• 2015

This study examined the effects of the youth home environment on violent behavior and suicidal thoughts. The survey was conducted from March 5, 2014 to July 02 on a juvenile male and female target group of 430 people subjects. Frequency analysis, factor analysis, reliability analysis, and multiple regression analysis were conducted using SPSS Win 18.0 with verification at the 5% significant level. The results of the study were as follows: First, the support of the father had a negative influence on violent behavior. Second, the support of both the father and mother, communication with the father and mother, and the mother's parenting attitude have a negative influence on suicidal thoughts. Third, the youth's violent behavior has a positive influence on the suicidal thoughts. This study provides essential data for making polices to resolve the youth crisis behaviors.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.21-34
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• 1996

The purposes of this study are to investigate the degrees of husband's and wife's recognition and the difference between those degrees about the husbands' authoritarian communication to develop the typology of recongnition of husband and wife and also to find group differences caused by the personal variables spousal variables family-environmental variables. The subjects of this research were 328 married couples living in Seoul. The major findings of this study can be summarized as follows: 1) The degrees of husband's and wife's recognition about the husbands' authoritarian communication were not high and there was no significant difference between husband's and wife's recognition. 2) The recognition of husband and wife about the husband's authoritarian communication is classified into 5 types; type of high agreement of both husband and wife(34 married couples) type of middle agreement of both husband and wife(167 married couples) type of low agreement of both husband and wife 26 married couples) type of disagreement with husband's high recognition(51 married couples) type of disagreement with husband's high recognition(51 married couples) are type of disagreement with wife's high recognition(50 married couples) 3) The variables which have significance on the types of recognition of husband and wife about the husband's authoritarian communication were husband's educational level husband's birth order husband's self-esteem husband's alienation husband's sex-role attitudes wife's self-esteem wife's alienation the rights of decision-making between couples household income subjective social class authoritarian behavior of father of husband.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.47 no.8
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• pp.119-130
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to investigate the interaction and effects of shame and parent-child communication on children and early adolescents' peer pressure. The subjects of this study were 359 children and early adolescents from 5th grade in elementary school to 2nd grade in middle school (187 boys, and 172 girls) in Daejeon city. The results of this research indicated that gender and age played a significant role on the effects of shame and parent-child communication on peer pressure. Open communication with mothers showed a positive relationship with boys' peer pressure, whereas open communication with father showed a negative relationship with boys' peer pressure. The interaction effects of shame and open-communication with fathers and mothers worked differently on peer pressure across gender and age. Interaction effects of shame and open communication with fathers and mothers were significant for boys, but not for girls. Interaction effect of shame and open communication with mothers was significant for children and adolescents.