• Proceedings of the KSMRM Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.114-114
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• 2002

Purpose： To know the fate of Gadophrin-2-enhanced areas in hearts with acute reperfused myocardial infarction. Method： The left anterior descending branches of coronary arteries were occluded for 90 min and reperfused for 60 min in 15 rabbits. Then, Gadophrin-2 (0.05 mmol/kg) was injected via ear veins. Short-axial T1-weighted spin echo images and fast cine images were obtained 24 hours after injection of Gadophrin-2. After four weeks, short-axial cine MRI was performed and T1-weighted spin echo Images were obtained 5 min and 15 min after injection of Gd-DTPA (0.2 mmol/kg). The animals were sacrificed and short-axial slices of the specimen were stained with 1.5% triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) solution.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.116-124
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• 2014

Purpose: To investigate the frequency and clinical significance of detected incidental lung nodules found on computed tomography (CT) simulation images for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) using computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) and a physician review. Materials and Methods: Sixty-seven treatment-$na{\ddot{i}}ve$ HCC patients treated with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization and radiotherapy (RT) were included for the study. Portal phase of simulation CT images was used for CAD analysis and a physician review for lung nodule detection. For automated nodule detection, a commercially available CAD system was used. To assess the performance of lung nodule detection for lung metastasis, the sensitivity, negative predictive value (NPV), and positive predictive value (PPV) were calculated. Results: Forty-six patients had incidental nodules detected by CAD with a total of 109 nodules. Only 20 (18.3%) nodules were considered to be significant nodules by a physician review. The number of significant nodules detected by both of CAD or a physician review was 24 in 9 patients. Lung metastases developed in 11 of 46 patients who had any type of nodule. The sensitivities were 58.3% and 100% based on patient number and on the number of nodules, respectively. The NPVs were 91.4% and 100%, respectively. And the PPVs were 77.8% and 91.7%, respectively. Conclusion: Incidental detection of metastatic nodules was not an uncommon event. From our study, CAD could be applied to CT simulation images allowing for an increase in detection of metastatic nodules.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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• v.10B no.4
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• pp.465-472
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• 2003

For an effective pre-treatment process of a face input image, it is necessary to detect each of face components, calculate the face area, and estimate the rotary angle of the face. A proposed method of this study can estimate an robust result under such renditions as some different levels of illumination, variable fate sizes, fate rotation angels, and background color similar to skin color of the face. The first step of the proposed method detects the estimated face area that can be calculated by both adapted skin color Information of the band-wide HSV color coordinate converted from RGB coordinate, and skin color Information using histogram. Using the results of the former processes, we can detect a lip area within an estimated face area. After estimating a rotary angle slope of the lip area along the X axis, the method determines the face shape based on face information. After detecting eyes in face area by matching a partial template which is made with both eyes, we can estimate Y axis rotary angle by calculating the eye´s locations in three dimensional space in the reference of the face area. As a result of the experiment on various face images, the effectuality of proposed algorithm was verified.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.18-24
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• 1989

Computer-aided high frequency ultrasonic is applied to aluminum oxide(85w%, 94w%, 96w%, and 99w%) MOR(modulus of rupture) samples to evaluate mechanical properties such as density variation, pore content, elastic modulus, shear modulus, and poisson's ratio. Ultrasonic wave velocity and attenuation measurement techniques were used as an evaluator of such properties. Pulse-echo C-Scan images with different fate setting method using 50MHz center frequency 1 inch focal length transducer allows evaluation of density variation and pore content. Elastic modulus calculated with the relation of density and ultrasonic velocity. It shows good reliability as compared with resonance method. Sintered density variation of $0.025g/cm^{3}$, that is 0.6% of theoretical density in $Al_{2}O_{3}$ samples can be observed by ultrasonic velocity measurement. Attenuation measurement method qualitatively agree with 4-point fracture testing result concerning of porosity content.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.54 no.4
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• pp.340-343
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• 2013

Intracerebral schwannomas are rare and there have been none reported in Korea. We present the case of a 25-year-old man with newly developed right-side weakness and recent seizure aggravation. His seizures started approximately 9 years prior to admission. At that time, a 1 cm diameter intra-axial enhancing mass at the left precentral gyrus was found on magnetic resonance image (MRI). After 9 years of observation and treatment with antiepileptic medication, an MRI taken due to symptom aggravation revealed peri-tumoral cyst formation with tumor enlargement. The tumor was surgically removed. Subsequently, right-side weakness diminished and there was good seizure control. Pathologic diagnosis was schwannoma. Schwannoma is a very rare tumor and there are no pathognomonic findings on radiologic images; thus, it is challenging to make a correct diagnosis. However, considering the natural course and excellent prognosis after surgical treatment of this kind of intra-axial mass with benign features, early surgery for diagnosis and proper treatment is highly recommended.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2004.05b
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• pp.463-467
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• 2004

본 논문에서는 컬러정보를 이용하여 외부 조명의 영향에 대응하면서 얼굴 후보영역을 추출하고, 추출된 후보 영역으로부터 다채널 스킨컬러 모델로 특정 정보를 추출하는 검출 기법을 제시한다. 외부 조명에 민감한 스킨컬러 특성을 고려해 색상정보와 광도를 분리할 수 있는 Y $C_{r}$ , $C_{b}$ 색상모델을 이용하며, Green, Blue 채널의 정보를 Gaussian 확률밀도 모델로부터 $C_{b-}$ $C_{g}$ 의 좁은 범위에 분포되어 있는 스킨컬러 영역 밀도를 모델링한다. 또한 얼굴영역에 Region Restricting과 임계값 반복 알고리즘을 사용하여 눈 영역 검출 과정을 보이고, 실시간 복합 얼굴 검출 시스템 조명방식에 의해 결과를 나타낸다.다.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.64 no.3
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• pp.437-446
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• 2021

Objective : To investigate the radiographic characteristics of the uppermost instrumented vertebrae (UIV) and UIV+1 compression fractures that are predictive of revision surgery following long-segment spinal fixation. Methods : A total 27 patients who presented newly developed compression fracture at UIV, UIV+1 after long segment spinal fixation (minimum 5 vertebral bodies, lowest instrumented vertebra of L5 or distal) were reviewed retrospectively. Patients were divided into two groups according to following management : revisional surgery (group A, n=13) and conservative care (group B, n=14). Pre- and postoperative images, and images taken shortly before and after the occurrence of fracture were evaluated for radiologic characteristics Results : Despite similar degrees of surgical correction of deformity, the fate of the two groups with proximal junctional compression fractures differed. Immediately after the fracture, the decrement of adjacent disc height in group A (32.3±7.6 mm to 23.7±8.4 mm, Δ=8.5±6.9 mm) was greater than group B (31.0±13.9 mm to 30.1±15.5 mm, Δ=0.9±2.9 mm, p=0.003). Pre-operative magnetic resonance imaging indicated that group A patients have a higher grade of disc degeneration adjacent to fractured vertebrae compared to group B (modified Pfirrmann grade, group A : 6.10±0.99, group B : 4.08±0.90, p=0.004). Binary logistic regression analysis indicated that decrement of disc height was the only associated risk factor for future revision surgery (odds ratio, 1.891; 95% confidence interval, 1.121-3.190; p=0.017). Conclusion : Proximal junctional vertebral compression fractures with greater early-stage decrement of adjacent disc height were associated with increased risk of future neurological deterioration and necessity of revision. The condition of adjacent disc degeneration should be considered regarding severity and revision rate of proximal junctional kyphosis/proximal junction failures.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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• v.12B no.1 s.97
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• pp.9-16
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• 2005

This paper focuses on the study of the face authentication system and the robustness of fact authentication methods under illumination changes. Four different face authentication methods are tried. These methods are as fellows; PCA(Principal Component Analysis), GMM(Gaussian Mixture Modeis), 1D HMM(1 Dimensional Hidden Markov Models), Pseudo 2D HMM(Pseudo 2 Dimensional Hidden Markov Models). Experiment results involving an artificial illumination change to fate images are compared with each other. Face feature vector extraction based on the 2D DCT(2 Dimensional Discrete Cosine Transform) if used. Experiments to evaluate the above four different fate authentication methods are carried out on the ORL(Olivetti Research Laboratory) face database. Experiment results show the EER(Equal Error Rate) performance degrade in ail occasions for the varying ${\delta}$. For the non illumination changes, Pseudo 2D HMM is $2.54{\%}$,1D HMM is $3.18{\%}$, PCA is $11.7{\%}$, GMM is $13.38{\%}$. The 1D HMM have the bettor performance than PCA where there is no illumination changes. But the 1D HMM have worse performance than PCA where there is large illumination changes(${\delta}{\geq}40$). For the Pseudo 2D HMM, The best EER performance is observed regardless of the illumination changes.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.29
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• pp.173-207
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• 2012

The four-phased plot which consists of introduction, development, turn and conclusion in the long-story structure tends to be patterned and schematized. The behavior of characters is in line with the beginning of human beings and the plot of comic strips basically has four phases. It is, however, not a simple arrangement but a complex one which was developed by organizing patterns of human power, behavior and emotions. With the results from a survey with college students studying comic strips, this study aims to categorize four characters from the archetypal system by Carol Pearson, four phases of the hero's journey by Joseph Campbell, and the four phases of the plot based on Aristotle's theory, which is the frame of the comic strip structure through supporting evidence extracted from comic strips in an integrated way. In this study, the categorization is performed by simplifying and systemizing a character's life cycle, which is a factor of a story structure in complex comic strips. This study is to identify what comic strip writers express by using the metaphor in the complicated long-story structure of comic strips This study reveals that the structure of introduction, development, turn and conclusion based on the plot theory by Aristotle is the metaphor of human life and fate and that the phases of development in the archetypal system by Carol Pearson, a Jung researcher influenced by Jung's theory are the metaphor of human life and fate. Also, the theories of Joseph Campbell, who also was influenced by Jung, are the metaphor of human life and fate as they projected complex emotions of joy, anger, sorrow, and pleasure onto the archetype of heroes and used the metaphor of the hero's journey. Lastly, the theories are introduced with the approach of 'guide to screenwriters' by Christopher Vogler. Meanwhile, this metaphor is the objective and goal of this study. The comic strips selected for this study seem to have long complex stories which have characters leaving their homes, going through adventures and difficulties, meeting the world in another way, experiencing tension, competition, wars, and hardship and returning home with compensation. They grow mentally and psychologically through their journeys and finally become heroes. They express the meaning of our introspection in a narrative through plots and images of comic strips. This appears complex but the basic structure of long comic strips has four phases of plot. The life style of an extraordinary character traveling for adventures and growing in long comic strips can be divided into four phases symbolizing childhood, adolescence, adulthood, and senescence and it is a psychological growth process. The archetypes of the character can be divided into four phases and the growth process can be explained. The hero's journey symbolized by the character can be also divided into four phases. Through theories, the complex arrangement of four-phased plots in comic strips corresponds with the growth process of introduction, development, turn and conclusion through the stages of life. At the same time, this study found that the characters becoming heroes are the metaphor of introspection and that the characters' growth and life correspond with the four phases in life through long comic strips. Long stories in long comic strips written by comic strip writers show that characters go on their journeys and change their lives through hardship and difficulty by logical construction of plot and their growth processes are presented in archetypal images and they reach introspection as heroes. The readers share time and space through images in comic strips and realize that they had the same experience as the characters emotionally by being moved by the stories.

• Sim-seong Yeon-gu
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.239-268
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• 2023

Humanity has faced destruction(chaos) due to catastrophes (Covid-19, war, earthquake) and awaits a new restoration. For civilizations and individuals, creation or creativity is essential to psychic development. Creativity is the driving force that renews an individual when a new stance and attitude of consciousness or a new adaptation to reality is desperately needed in the depth of the human mind. This article is the result of an exploration of the nature and characteristics of creativity presented by a series of four dreams. First, the definition and form of creativity were explored in the context of religion, mythology, and history of Eastern and Western. While Western mythology refers to creation or creativity originating from God, ancient China viewed creativity as expressed through the interaction of yin and yang, the movement of Tao. In East and West, the form of creation is divided into creation from nothing, creation from matter, and creation through dissolution from the matrix, which psychologically suggests that creativity or creation originates from the unconscious, the seedbed of infinite potential and creative power. Next, with insights from the second dream, the characteristics of creativity were discussed. Creativity occurs through transcendent function and 'going beyond the frame of reference,' that is, 'transgressivity.' Third, the nature of creativity was explored as the creativity of the unconscious aims for regeneration and drives the renewal of Self archetypal images within the collective and individuals. Ultimately, the creativity of the unconscious is the goal of the whole psyche and aims for individuation to become the whole. Realizing the creativity of the unconscious is the fate of humans as the second creator.