• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.15 no.2 s.28
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• pp.429-444
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• 1994

The present study was undertaken in order to elucidate the effect of pretreatment with Saengchinyanghyoltang(SYT) on changes in serum glucose level, body weight. water consumption. serum insulin concentration and activities of pancreatic enzymes in rats treated with streptozocin(STZ)-induced diabetic state. Histological studies were also carried out to elevate the effects on pancreatic tissues and Langelhans islet cells. SYT pretreatment in STZ diabetic rats inhibited the rise of fasting serum glucose concentration and water consumption. Pretreatment with SYT significantly increased the concentration of blood insulin and body weight changes compared to the STZ-treated group. Pancreatic lipase and trypsin activities were increased. but amylase activity was decreased and pancreatic ${\beta}-cell$ was destroyed by STZ but. pretreatment with SYT prevented these STZ-induced changes.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.119-126
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• 2009

This study investigated the effect of Corni Fructus(Cornus officinalis Sieb. et Zucc.) extract on hyperglycemia and renal function in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups including normal control(NC), diabetic control(DC), and diabetic treatment with Corni Fructus(DCF). Over a 4-week experimental period, Corni Fructus aqueous extract was administered orally at 500 mg/kg BW/day. The final fasting serum glucose, serum urea nitrogen, triglyceride, urinary total protein level, and relative weight of the left kidney in the DCF group were significantly lower than the DC group. Serum insulin level in the DCF group was higher than the DC group by 23%. The renal xanthine oxidase and superoxide dismutase activities in the DCF group were significantly lower than the DC group. The renal catalase activity in the DCF group was significantly higher than the DC group. In conclusion, these results indicated that Corni Fructus can reduce glucose level and prevent or retard the development of diabetic complication via its antioxidative effect and protecting against diabetic renal damage in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.83-90
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• 2004

This study was conducted to examine the effects of $\beta$3-adrenergic receptor polymorphism on the blood glucose level and obesity in 530 volunteers, who attended a weight loss program in a local obesity clinic. The age differences in total subjects and the distribution of male and female were 26.55$\pm$0.31 yr, 9.1% (n=48), 90.9% (n=492). The genotype distribution of $\beta$3-AR gene polymorphism were WW type 75%, WR type 22% and RR type 3%. Among many parameters, fasting blood glucose was significantly higher in WR＋RR type (p=0.001) compared with WW type. When the subjects were divided into two groups by 6.105 mmol/L of the fasting blood glucose level, the frequency of hyperglycemia was 23.3% in WW type subjects, while there was a increase to 35.6% in WR＋RR type subjects (p=0.011, $\chi$$^2$-analysis). When hyperglycemia group was compared with normoglycemia group, obesity index (p=0.044), %body fat (p=0.046) and TG (p=0.000) were significantly higher, and HDL (p=0.006) was significantly lower in the hyperglycemia. When all of the above factors were included in stepwise logistic regression analysis to find risk factors of hyperglycemia, the results were that the odds ratio for hyperglycemia were 2.015 (p=0.011) for WR+RR type of $\beta$3-AR gene, 2.165 (p=0.000) for TG and 0.419 (p=0.059) for HDL cholesterol. There was a significantly positive correlation between the blood glucose vs BMI, WHR, body fat in the WW type (r=0.099, 0.119, 0.082) However, in the WR and RR type there were no significance between the blood glucose vs BMI, WHR, body fat. These data suggest that the WR＋RR genotype of $\beta$3-AR has a very strong association with increased blood glucose level and might be a significant risk factor for hyperglycemia among Korean subjects.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.291-298
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• 2018

This study examined the effects of plums produced in Gimcheon area on the glucose and lipid metabolism in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Male Sprague-Dawley diabetic rats were divided into four groups: control, diabetic control, Diabetes-low plum (containing 10% plum powder), and Diabetes-high plum (containing 20% plum powder). The animals were fed isocaloric experimental diets based on an AIN-76 diet for 6 weeks. Feed efficiency ratio (FER) of the diabetic groups were significantly lower than that of the control. On the other hand, among the diabetic groups, the FER of the high plum intake group was higher than that of the diabetic control. The liver weight per 100 g body weight of each group was similar but the liver weights tended to decrease as the amount of plum intake was increased. Kidney weight per 100 g body weight of the plum intake groups were significantly different compared to that of the diabetic control. The supplementation of plums lowered the fasting blood glucose level of the diabetic groups and improved the glucose tolerance, thereby lowering the glycosylated hemoglobin index. In addition, the supplementation of plum was lowered the blood total cholesterol concentration and increased the HDL-C/TC (%) significantly, thereby lowering the atherosclerotic index (AI) and hepatic peroxide level. A steady diet of plums produced in Gimcheon may be effective in controlling the blood glucose level and preventing chronic diabetes mellitus.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.50 no.10
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• pp.987-994
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• 2007

Purpose : This study investigated the clinical significance of AN in children and adolescents with obesity induced metabolic complications. Methods : Forty-nine patients who had obesity induced metabolic complications were participated in this cross-sectional study. Obesity induced metabolic complications are as follows: hypertension, dyslipidemia, impaired fasting glucose (IFG), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR)>3.16. Clinical characteristics, such as, age, percentage-weight-for-height (PWH), pubertal status, blood pressure (BP), fasting plasma insulin level, fasting and post-oral glucose tolerance test 2-hour glucose levels, liver function test, lipid profile, HOMA-IR were compared according to the presence of AN. Results : Sixty-five percent of patients had AN, 57.1% NASH, 57.1% dyslipidemia, 55.1% hypertension, 46.9% IFG, 24.5% HOMA-IR>3.16 and 16.2% IGT. The patients who were moderately to severely obese with AN had higher incidence of IGT and HOMA-IR>3.16. The patients with AN had significantly higher diastolic BP ($79.4{\pm}6.9$ vs $75.4{\pm}5.6mmHg$), fasting levels of plasma insulin ($10.6{\pm}6.0$ vs $6.2{\pm}5.4{\mu}IU/mL$), HOMA-IR index ($2.6{\pm}1.4$ vs $1.4{\pm}1.3$) and PWH ($42.4{\pm}13.0$ vs $34.3{\pm}1.8%$). The increasing tendency for the presence of AN was significantly related to the cumulative number of obesity induced metabolic complications. Binary logistic regression analysis revealed that the presence of AN was significantly associated with fasting plasma insulin level, PWH and IFG. Conclusion : AN could be useful as a clinical surrogate of obesity induced metabolic complications.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.93-100
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• 2002

Cocoon production, which is a representative of traditional sericulture shifted into silkworm powder production in the spring of 1995. This, infect, signifies the change from the dress-centered textile business to the bio-industry and the functional resource industry. One of the most outstanding shifting is utilization of silkworm larvae for anti-diabetic agent. In Asian countries including Korea, silkworm powder derived from the domestic silkworm (Bombyx mori L.) has long been favored for anti-diabetic agent, but its efficacy was not tested until last decade by modern scientific methods. In this article, we reviewed the major researches on the silkworm powder as a blood glucose-lowering substance. After the beginning test of the efficacy of silkworm powder by a cooperative research between Department of Sericulture and Entomlogy, NIAST, RDA and Kyung Hee University, substantial data have been accumulated so far, In a serial experiment to select best condition, the fifth instar larvae prepared by freeze dry method turned out to have the best blood glucose-lowering effect. In the pharmacological experiment to understand the mechanism of silkworm powder in small intestine, the silkworm powder turned out to inhibit the activity of ${\alpha}$-glucosidase, by competitively binding to $\alpha$-type disaccharides. The animal experiment showed that the extract of silkworm powder prevents a rapid increase of blood glucose level after meal and prevents hunger and law blood glucose level during empty stomach. In the experiment to isolate the major component of silkworm powder, which exerts blood glucose-lowering effect, 1-deoxynojirimy-cin (DNJ) was eventually mass-purified, and it turned out that DNJ isolated from silkworm powder was excellent in its blood glucose-lowering effect. In the experiment to understand the personal difference of the efficacy of the silkworm powder, clinical candidates were divided on the basis of the criterion of traditional Chinese medicine: Tae-Yang, Tae-Um, So-yang, and So-Um. The result showed that silkworm powder has a tendency to reduce blood glucose level at fasting and at 2 hours after meal, and this trend was somewhat obvious in the Tae-Um body type. In summary, we reviewed scientific papers on the efficacy of silkworm powder and its purified DNJ as a blood glucose-lowering agent. These suggest that silkworm powder truly possesses blood glucose-lowering effect as documented in the traditional Chinese medicine, although further researches will be required to develop them as "medical" resource instead of functional food.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.48 no.5
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• pp.481-487
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• 2005

Purpose : Adiponectin, adipose tissue-specific protein, has anti-inflammatory and anti-atherogenic properties. It has been found to have a negative correlation with obesity and to play a role in modulating glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity. Serum adiponectin concentrations are decreased in adults with obesity and type 2 diabetes. We investigated the difference in adiponectin levels between obese and non-obese children, and evaluated the relationship of serum adiponectin with body mass index(BMI), serum fasting insulin, lipid profiles and homeostasis model assessment(HOMA) in children. Methods : We measured serum adiponectin levels by radioimmunoassay in 113 children(82 obese children and 31 non-obese controls) from 8 to 15 years of age, and also checked BMI, fasting serum glucose, insulin and lipid profiles. Fasting and postprandial serum adiponectin concentrations were compared by oral glucose tolerance tests in 27 obese children. The correlations of adiponectin with BMI, insulin, low density lipoprotein(LDL)-cholesterol and HOMA were analyzed by Pearson's correlation. Results : The serum adiponectin levels were significantly lower in the obese group(19.7 mg/mL) than in the non-obese group(27.5 mg/mL)(P<0.01). Serum adiponectin concentrations were negatively correlated with BMI(r=-0.39, P<0.01), serum insulin(r=-0.28, P<0.01), LDL-C(r=-0.20, P<0.01) and HOMA(r=-0.22, P<0.01). At oral glucose tolerance tests in obese children, postprandial 2 hours adiponectin level(19.8 mg/mL) was decreased compared to fasting level(25.8 mg/mL)(P<0.01). Conclusion : Serum adiponectin concentrations were inversely related to adiposity and insulin resistance in children. We suggest the serum adiponectin level could be used as an early marker of insulin resistance in obese children.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.50 no.5
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• pp.437-446
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• 2017

Purpose: This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effect of cassia cinnamon (Cinnamomum. cassia and C. aromaticum) on the glycemic response with a focus on the preparation of dehydrated powder and water extract. Methods: We searched Pubmed, Cochrane, EMBASE, Science Direct, and the Korean Studies Information Service System (KISS) through May 2017. In the meta-analysis for the preparation of powder, eight trials reporting fasting blood glucose (FBG), four trials reporting HbA1c, and three trials reporting the postprandial glycemic response were included. For the water extract, six trials reporting FBG and four trials reporting HbA1c were eligible for this study. A random-effects model was used to calculate the pooled effect size. Results: Cassia cinnamon powder intake significantly lowered FBG by -1.55 mmol/L (95% CI, -2.45, -0.64; p = 0.001) and the AUC of postprandial blood glucose level by $-51.8mmol/L{\cdot}min$ (95% CI, -85.5, -18.1; p = 0.003). There was a significant difference in FBG between water extract of cinnamon and placebo of -0.76 mmol/L (95% CI, -1.09, -0.43; p = 0.000). However, blood HbA1c level was not significantly altered by any preparation of cinnamon. No statistical heterogeneity was observed for any analysis except in the case of FBG for cinnamon powder. Results of funnel plots and Egger's regression suggest a low likelihood of publication bias in all biomarkers (p > 0.05). Conclusion: According to this meta-analysis, there was possible evidence to support a relationship between cassia cinnamon intake and fasting glucose in both preparation of powder and water extract. Furthermore, new evidence of the health benefits on postprandial glucose regulation of cinnamon powder was obtained.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.171-177
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• 2015

Sodium butyrate is a short-chain fatty acid derivative found in foods, such as Parmesan cheese and butter and is produced by anaerobic bacteria fermentation of dietary fibers in the large intestine. There have been reports that butyrate prevented obesity, protected insulin sensitivity, and ameliorated dyslipidemia in dietary obese mice. This study investigated the effects of sodium butyrate on fasting blood glucose level and serum lipid profile in streptozotocin(STZ)-induced diabetic mice. Male C57BL/6 mice were fed AIN-93G for four weeks prior to intraperitoneal injections with STZ (100 mg/kg body weight). Diabetic mice had supplements of 5% sodium butyrate for four weeks. The 5% sodium butyrate diet significantly improved fasting blood glucose level and lipid profile in STZ-induced diabetic mice. Inflammation has been recognized to decrease beta cell insulin secretion and increase insulin resistance. Circulating cytokines can directly affect beta cell function, leading to secretory dysfunction and increased apoptosis. Thus, anti-inflammatory therapies represented a potential approach for the therapy of diabetes and its complications. In this animal study, the 5% sodium butyrate supplementation also inhibited inflammatory cytokine production in STZ-induced diabetic mice. These results suggested that sodium butyrate can be a potential candidate for the prevention of diabetes and its complications.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.154-159
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• 2007

This study was conducted to find obesity, biochemical indices and nutrient intakes in type Ⅱ diabetes mellitus with hypertension in Gwangju area. Subjects were divided into two groups based on the status of hypertension. Duration of 139 normotensive type Ⅱ diabetes mellitus was $49.8{\pm}80.2$ months while that of hypertensive type Ⅱ diabetes was $79.7{\pm}95.5$ months. Anthropometric measurement revealed that subjects in both groups were in overweight determined by BMI, though there was no significant difference between two groups. Contrastingly, obesity rate and subscapular fat distribution were a good predictor to identify hypertensive group due to the significant differences between two groups, regardless of sex. Hypertensive type Ⅱ diabetes mellitus is significantly associated with more elevated cholesterol and fasting blood glucose level. Triglyceride level in the hypertensive female was prominent. Significant gender differences were shown in energy, carbohydrate, protein, Ca, Zn, vitamin $B_{6}$ and cholesterol intakes. Nutrient intakes of female normotensive group were higher than those of female hypertensive group except for riboflavin. However, different pattern on nutrient intakes in male was noted. Thus, sex is a great determinant to influence nutrient intakes in subject. Effective nutrition education program targeting type Ⅱ diabetes mellitus, especially hypertensive type Ⅱ diabetes mellitus should be developed and implemented to control blood glucose and lipidemia. It might be suggested to consider the importance different approaches of nutrition education program to both genders.