• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2007년도 춘계학술대회B
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• pp.3317-3322
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• 2007

THC(Total Hydrocarbon) emissions during cold start and warm-up phase constitute the majority of THC emissions during the FTP-75 mode. As the basic approach to improve the emission performance of Gasoline engine during transient phase, the effect of spark timing retard from MBT on THC emission characteristics is studied by engine test using a Fast response Flame Ionization Detector(FFID). A cyclic analysis of the combustion process shows that high THC emissions are produced first few cycles during the transient phase. This paper presents the results of engine performance and emission of Gasoline engine with various spark timing. consequently, This paper was focused on the combustion phenomena with various spark timing during transient phase which was analyzed by Fast response Flame Ionization Detector (FFID) equipment to measure the cyclic THC emission characteristics.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.80-89
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• 1998

The residual gas in an spark-ignition engine is one of important factors on emissions and performance such as combustion stability. With high residual gas fractions, flame speed and maximum combustion temperature are decreased and these are deeply related with combustion stability especially at idle and NOx emission at relatively high engine load. Therefore, there is a need to characterize the residual gas fraction as a function of the engine operating load. Therefore, there is a need to characterize the residual gas fraction as a function of the engine operating parameters. In the present study, the quantitative measurement technique of residual gas fraction was studied by using Fast Response Flame Ionization Detector(FRFID). The measuring technique and model for estimation of residual gas fraction were reported in this paper. By the assuming that the raw signal from FRFID saturates with the same slope for firing and misfiring cycle, in-cylinder hydrocarbon(HC) concentration can be estimated. Residual gas fraction can be obtained from the in-cylinder HC concentration measured at firing and motoring condition. The developed measurement and calibration procedure were applied to the limited engine operating and design condition such as intake manifold pressure and valve overlap. The results show relevant trends by comparing those from previous studies.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.63-70
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• 1998

According to the stringent exhaust emission regulation control of air fuel ratio is one of the most important issues on gasoline engine. Although many researches have been carried out to identify the fuel transport phenomena in a port fueled gasoline engine, complexity of fuel film behavior in the intake port makes it difficult. The fuel film behavior was investigated recently by using visualization method and these gave us qualitative understanding. In this paper, the quantitative measurement method for the port fuel film is studied by using Fast Response Flame Ionization Detector(FRFID). The mass of fuel film on the port wall was measured by using the methods of fuel injection off, injection on and regression. The Fuel film mass was increased with incresing load at the same engine speed.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.212-219
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• 1998

Unburned hydrocarbon is a key contributor to both the fuel economy and emissions of automotive engine. Cyclic variation of HC emission is of importance, especially during throttle transients. The real time measurement of hydrocarbon is particularly important to obtain a better understanding of the mechanisms for combustion and emissions, especially during cold start and throttle transient condition. This paper reports the cycle resolved measurement technique of unburned hydrocarbons to quantify rapid changes of in-cylinder concentration in the vicinity of spark plug by using the Fast Response Flame Ionization Detector(FRFID). While this instrument actually measures fuel concentration, its results can be indicative of the AFR behaviour. In order to understand the rapid change of hydrocarbons with cylinder pressure, it is necessary to study the response time delay of the system, including the time associated with gas transportation to FID. And signal from FRFID is correlated with cylinder pressure data to relate changes in mixture preparation to the classic analysis, such as indicated mean effective(IMEF) and ignition delay, etc.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.20-27
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• 2003

In this paper, the fuel transport characteristics during transient condition was studied by using a Fast Response Flame Ionization Detector(FRFID). The quantitative measurement method for the inducted fuel mass into cylinder is studied. The inducted fuel mass into the cylinder was estimated by using calculated air-fuel ratio by hydrocarbon concentration of cylinder and air flow model. In order to estimate the transportation of injected fuel from the intake port into cylinder, the wall wetting fuel model was used. The two coefficient $\alpha$,$\beta$) of the wall-wetting fuel model was determined from the measured fuel mass that was inducted into the cylinder at the first cycle after injection cut-off To reduce an air/fuel ratio fluctuation during rapid throttle opening, the appropriate fuel injection rate was obtain from the wall wetting model with empirical coefficients. Result of air/fuel ratio control, air/fuel excursion was reduced.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2004

During the SI engine starting up, starting conditions directly contribute to the unburned hydrocarbon emissions in spark ignition engines. The effects of catalyst temperatures and fuel injection skip methods on HC emissions were investigated. The test was conducted on a 1.5 L, 4-cylinder, 16 valve, multipoint-port-fuel-injection gasoline engine. To understand the formation of HC emissions, HC concentration was measured in an exhaust port using a Fast Response Flame ionization Detector (FRFID). The result showed that HC emissions, which were emitted at the cold coolant and catalyst temperature, were generated much higher than those of hot coolant and catalyst temperatures. In additions, fuel injection skips reduced highly HC emissions. It is convinced that optimized fuel injection skip method according to coolant and catalyst temperatures could be applied to reduce HC emissions during the SI engine starts.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한연소학회 2003년도 제27회 KOSCO SYMPOSIUM 논문집
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• pp.257-262
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• 2003

Engine-out HC emissions were investigated during engine start. The tests were conducted on a 1.5L, 4-cylinder, 16 valve, multipoint-port-fuel-injection gasoline engine at different coolant temperatures and fuel injection-skip methods; no skip, 1 cycle-skip and 3 cycle-skip. To understand the characteristics of engine-out HC emissions, HC concentration was measured at a exhaust port using a Fast Response Flame Ionization Detector (FRFID). The result show that HC emissions were emitted at the cold coolant temperature much higher than those of the hot coolant. In additions, the fuel injection skip highly reduced engine-out HC emissions. It is convinced that optimized fuel injection skips according to coolant temperatures could be applied to reduce HC emissions during SI engine start.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.22-30
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• 2003

Engine-out HC emissions were investigated during cold and hot start. The tests were conducted according to engine cooling temperatures which were controlled by simulated coolant temperatures of cold and hot start, on a 1.5L, 4-cylinder, 16 valve, multipoint-port-fuel-injection gasoline engine. Real time engine-out HC emissions were measured at a exhaust port and cylinder head using Fast Response Flame Ionization Detector(FRFID). Unburned hydrocarbons emitted at the cold coolant temperature were much higher than those of the hot coolant temperatures. And the main source of the high HC emission was confirmed as misfire at cold coolant temperature. In addition, the effect of intake valve timing on engine-out HC emissions was investigated. The results obtained indicate that optimized intake phasing provides the potential for start-up engine-out HC emissions reduction.

• 동력기계공학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.5-11
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• 2006

During the SI engine starting up, starting conditions directly contribute to the harmful emissions in spark ignition engines. The effects of catalyst temperatures and fuel injection skip methods on HC emissions were investigated. The test was conducted on a 1.5L, 4-cylinder, 16 valve, multipoint-port-fuel-injection gasoline engine. To understand the formation of HC emissions, HC concentration was measured in an exhaust port using a Fast Response Flame Ionization Detector(FRFID). The result showed that HC emissions, which were generated during initial stage of the starting, could be reduced by coolant temperature and fuel injection skips. And through the vehicle test of ECE15+EUDC, it is convinced that the optimized fuel injection skip method according to coolant temperatures have favourable effects on the reduction of harmful exhaust emissions including HC during the SI engine start.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.15-22
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• 2002

As the emission regulations on the automobiles have been increasingly stringent, precise control of air/fuel ration is one of the most important issues on the gasoline engines. Although many researches have been carried out to identify the fuel transport phenomena in the port fuel injection gasolines, mixture preparation in the cylinder has not been fully understood due to the complexity of fuel film behavior, In this paper, the mixture preparation during cold engine start is studied by using a Fast Response Flame ionization Detector.(FRFID) In order to estimate the transportation of injected fuel from the intake port into cylinder, the wall wetting fuel model was used. The two coefficient($\alpha$,$\beta$) of the wall-wetting fuel model was determined from the measured fuel mass that was inducted into the cylinder at the first cycle after injection cut-in. $\alpha$( ratio of directly inducted fuel mass into cylinder from injected fuel mass) and $\beta$ (ratio of indirectly inducted fuel mass into cylinder from wall wetted fuel film on the wall) was increased with increasing cooling water temperature. To reduce a air/fuel ratio fluctuation during cold engine start, the appropriate fuel injection rate was obtained from the wall wetting fuel model. Result of air/fuel ratio control, air/fuel excursion was reduced.