• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.18 no.3 s.41
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• pp.133-148
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to acquire the better and more correct information on the school uniforms with which middle or high school students may be satisfied. We investigated clothing interest, school uniform satisfaction, school uniform modification behavior and the relationship anions those factors. The data were collected from 472 questionnaires of middle and high school students who lived in Gyeonggi-do and analyzed statistically. We found that adolescents felt a great interest in appearance, fashion, brand orientation of clothing, and they spent most of personal expenses in buying clothes. However, the extent of adolescents' satisfaction on school uniform was low. Especially, the satisfaction on status symbolism, fashion, washing & management, body comfort and economical efficiency of school uniform was found low. Three hundred fifty three students (74.8%) agreed to modify the school uniform for personality and in chase of fashion. Two hundred eighty four students (58.1%) needed partially and variously modified school uniform, and these modifications showed a tendency of tightness to the body. We also found that the higher adolescents' clothing interests in appearance, conformity, modesty and brand orientation were. the more satisfied adolescents were with the status symbolism and the washing & management of school uniform and the more affected the school uniform modification behaviors of students were. There were. however. no significant difference between the extent of school uniform satisfaction and the school uniform modification behavior, Another research of school uniform will be necessary in order to reduce the discrepancy between clothing needs for representing the appearance, personality and fashion in the present adolescents and those for representing the worthy and modest images of a student and pursuing the economic value through school uniform in the older generation. We suggest that students should consider these results when they choose school uniform and furthermore both the person in charge of schools and school uniform makers should refer to those when they design and make school uniform.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.4
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• pp.87-114
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• 1981

A costume reveals the social characteristics of the era in which it is worn, thus we can say that the history of change of the costume is the history of change of the living culture of the era. Since the Three States era, the costume structure of this country had been affected by the costume system of the China's historical dynasties in the form of the grant therefrom because of geographical conditions, which affection was conspicuous for the bureaucrat class, particularly including but not limited to the Kings' familities. Such a grant of the costume for the bureaucrat class (i.e., official uniform) was first given by the Dang-dynasty at the age of Queen Jinduck, the 28th of the Shilla-dynasty. Since then, the costume for the bureaucrats had consecutively been affected as the ages had gone from the unified Shilla, to the Koryo and to the Yi-dynasty. As the full costumes officially used by government officials (generally called "Baek Gwan") in the Yidynasty, there existed Jo-bok, Gong-bok and Sang-bok. Of such official costumes, Gong-bok was worn at the time of conducting official affairs of the dynasty, making a respectful visit for the expression of thanks or meeting diplomatic missions of foreign countries. It appears no study was made yet with regard to the Gong-bok while the studies on the Jo-bok and the Sangbok were made. Therefore, this article is, by rendering a study and research on the styles of costumes of civil servants' stone images erected at the Kings' tombs of the Yi-dynasty, to help the persons concerned understand the Gong-bok, one of the official costume for Baek Kwan of that age and further purports to specifically identify the styles and changes of the Gong-bok, worn by Baek Gwan during the Yi-dynasty, consisting of the Bok-doo (a hat, four angled and two storied with flat top), Po (gown), Dae (belt), and Hol (small and thin plate which was officially held by the government officials in hand, showing the courtesy to and writing brief memorandums before the King) and Hwa (shoes). For that purpose, I investigated by actually visiting the tombs of the Kings of the Yi-dynasty including the Geonwon-neung, the tomb of the first King Tae-jo and the You-neung, the tomb of the 27th King Soon-jong as well as the tombs of the lawful wives and concubines of various Kings, totalling 29 tombs and made reference to relevant books and records. Pursuant. to this study, of the 29 Kings' tombs the costume styles of civil servants' stone images erected at the 26 Kings' tombs are those of Gong-bok for Baek-gwan of the Yi-dynasty wearing Bok-doo as a hat and Ban-ryeong or Dan-ryenog Po as a gown with Dae, holding Hol in hand and wearing shoes. Other than those of the 26 tombs, the costume styles of the Ryu-neung, the tomb of the Moon-jo who was the first son of 23rd King Soon-jo and given the King's title after he died and of the You-neung, the tomb of the 27th King Soon-jong are those of Jobok with Yang-gwan (a sort of hat having stripes erected, which is different from the Bok-doo), and that of the Hong-neung, the tomb of the 26th King Go-jong shows an exceptional one wearing Yang-gwan and Ban-ryeong Po ; these costume styles other than Gongbok remain as the subject for further study. Gong-bok which is the costume style of civil servants' stone images of most of the Kings' tombs had not been changed in its basic structure for about 500 years of the Yi-dynasty and Koryo categorized by the class of officials pursuant to the color of Po and materials of Dae and Hol. Summary of this costume style follows: (1) Gwan-mo (hat). The Gwan-mo style of civil servants' stone images of the 26 Kings' tombs, other than Ryu-neung, Hong-neung and You-neung which have Yang-gwan, out of the 29 Kings' tombs of the Yi-dynasty reveals the Bok-doo with four angled top, having fore-part and back-part divided. Back part of the Bok-doo is double the fore-part in height. The expression of the Gak (wings of the Bokdoo) varies: the Gyo-gak Bok-doo in that the Gaks, roundly arisen to the direction of the top, are clossed each other (tombs of the Kings Tae-jong), the downward style Jeon-gak Bok-doo in that soft Gaks are hanged on the shoulders (tombs of the Kings Joong-jong and Seong-jong) and another types of Jeon-gak Bok-doo having Gaks which arearisen steeply or roundly to the direction of top and the end of which are treated in a rounded or straight line form. At the lower edge one protrusive line distinctly reveals. Exceptionally, there reveals 11 Yang-gwan (gwan having 11 stripes erected) at the Ryu-neung of the King Moon-jo, 9 Yang-gwan at the Hong-neung of the King Go-jong and 11 Yang-gwan at the You-neung of the King Soon-jong; noting that the Yang-gwan of Baek Kwan, granted by the Myeong-dynasty of the China during the Yi-dynasty, was in the shape of 5 Yang-gwan for the first Poom (class) based on the principle of "Yideung Chaegang" (gradual degrading for secondary level), the above-mentioned Yang-gwans are very contrary to the principle and I do not touch such issue in this study, leaving for further study. (2) Po (gown). (a) Git (collar). Collar style of Po was the Ban-ryeong (round collar) having small neck-line in the early stage and was changed to the Dan-ryeong (round collar having deep neck-line) in the middle of the: dynasty. In the Dan-ryeong style of the middle era (shown at the tomb of the King Young-jo); a, thin line such as bias is shown around the internal side edge and the width of collar became wide a little. It is particularly noted that the Ryu-neung established in the middle stage and the You-neung in the later stage show civil servants in Jo-bok with the the Jikryeong (straight collar) Po and in case of the Hong-neung, the Hong-neung, the tomb of the King Go-jong, civil servants, although they wear Yang-gwan, are in the Ban-ryeong Po with Hoo-soo (back embroidery) and Dae and wear shoes as used in the Jo-bok style. As I could not make clear the theoretical basis of why the civil servants' costume styles revealed, at these tombs of the Kings are different from those of other tombs, I left this issue for further study. It is also noted that all the civil servants' stone images show the shape of triangled collar which is revealed over the Godae-git of Po. This triangled collar, I believe, would be the collar of the Cheomri which was worn in the middle of the Po and the underwear, (b) Sleeve. The sleeve was in the Gwan-soo (wide sleeve) style. having the width of over 100 centimeter from the early stage to the later stage arid in the Doo-ri sleeve style having the edge slightly rounded and we can recognize that it was the long sleeve in view of block fold shaped protrusive line, expressed on the arms. At the age of the King Young-jo, the sleeve-end became slightly narrow and as a result, the lower line of the sleeve were shaped curved. We can see another shape of narrow sleeve inside the wide sleeve-end, which should be the sleeve of the Cheom-ri worn under the Gong-bok. (c) Moo. The Moo revealed on the Po of civil servants' stone images at the age of the King Sook-jong' coming to the middle era. Initially the top of the Moo was expressed flat but the Moo was gradually changed to the triangled shape with the acute top. In certain cases, top or lower part of the Moo are not reveald because of wear and tear. (d) Yeomim. Yeomim (folding) of the Po was first expressed on civil servants' stone images of the Won-neung, the tomb of the King Young-jo and we can seemore delicate expression of the Yeomim and Goreum (stripe folding and fixing the lapel of the Po) at the tomb of the Jeongseong-wanghoo, the wife of the King Young-jo, At the age of the King Soon-jo, we can see the shape of Goreum similar to a string rather than the Goreum and the upper part of the Goreum which fixes Yeomim was expressed on the right sleeve. (3) Dae. Dae fixed on the Po was placed half of the length of Po from the shoulders in the early stage. Thereafter, at the age of the King Hyeon-jong it was shown on the slightly upper part. placed around one third of the length of Po. With regard to the design of Dae, all the civil servants' stone images of the Kings' tombs other than those of the Geonwon-neung of the King Tae-jo show single or double protrusive line expressed at the edge of Dae and in the middle of such lines, cloud pattern, dangcho (a grass) pattern, chrysanthemum pattern or other various types of flowery patterns were designed. Remaining portion of the waist Dae was hanged up on the back, which was initially expressed as directed from the left to the right but thereafter expressed. without orderly fashion,. to the direction of the left from the right and vice versa, Dae was in the shape of Yaja Dae. In this regard, an issue of when or where such a disorderly fashion of the direction of the remaining portion of waist Dae was originated is also presented to be clarified. In case of the Ryuneung, Hong-neung and You-neung which have civil servants' stone images wearing exceptional costume (Jo-bok), waist Dae of the Ryu-neung and Hong-neung are designed in the mixture of dual cranes pattern, cosecutive beaded pattern and chrvsenthemum pattern and that of You-neung is designed in cloud pattern. (4) Hol. Although materials of the Hol held in hand of civil servants' stone images are not identifiable, those should be the ivory Hol as all the Baek Gwan's erected as stone images should be high class officials. In the styles, no significant changes were found, however the Hol's expressed on civil servants' stone images of the Yi-dynasty were shaped in round top and angled bottom or round top and bottom. Parcicularly, at the age of the King Young-jo the Hol was expressed in the peculiar type with four angles all cut off. (5) Hwa (shoes). As the shoes expressed on civil servants' stone images are covered with the lower edges of the Po, the styles thereof are not exactly identifiable. However, reading the statement "black leather shoes for the first class (1 Poom) to ninth class (9 Poom)," recorded in the Gyeongkook Daejon, we can believe that the shoes were worn. As the age went on, the front tips of the shoes were soared and particularly, at the Hong-neung of the King Go-jong the shoes were obviously expressed with modern sense as the country were civilized.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.27 no.12
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• pp.1381-1389
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• 2003

컴퓨터와 첨단영상매체의 발달로 디자인 분야에서도 컴퓨터를 사용하여 색을 자유롭게 선택할 수 있는 그래픽 소프트웨어가 도입되고 있으나 영상정보의 색채 재현성과 영상입출력 장치의 다양화로 인한 색채 불일치에 대한 문제들이 극복해야할 시급한 과제로 부각되고 있다. 따라서, 색채 영상정보 입출력장치의 색채구현 성능과 인간의 색채인지 원리이론을 바탕으로 색보정 알고리즘이 발전하여 색보정 엔진의 개발이 국제적으로 활발히 진행되고 있는 연구 분야임에도 불구하고 국내에서는 그 연구사례가 상대적으로 극히 미비한 실정이며, 더욱이, CAD 시스템을 이용한 패션/텍스타일 디자인 분야에서는 이에 대한 연구가 거의 이루어지지 않고 있다. 본 연구에서는 염색 직물의 색을 CAD시스템을 이용하여 soft-copy로 재현하고 이것을 다시 hard-copy로 출력하여 물리적 측정치와 주관적 색채 인지도간의 일치도를 비교하고, 물리적, 주관적 색차의 한계치를 제시함으로써, 패션/텍스타일 디자인 CAD시스템 운용에 기초가 되는 자료를 제공하려 하였다. 연구의 절차는 객관적 측정과 주관적 평가 두 단계로 나누어 진행되었다 연구에 사용된 직물은 7가지 색상의 면 염직물로써, CAD시스템을 이용하여 각 직물당 5개의 soft-copy를 재현하고, 이것을 다시 hard-copy로 출력하여 spectrophotometer를 이용해 물리적 측정(ΔE, ΔL, Δc, Δh)을 실시하였다. 또한 주관적 평가에는 20명의 의류학 전공 학생들이 참여하였다. 결과 분석에는 분산분석과 Friedman분석이 사용되었다. 연구 결과 색차 측정에 대한 물리적 측정치와 1차 주관적 평가치 사이의 일치도는 90.5%로 나타났으며, 2차 주관적 평가치와의 rank order는 거의 일치하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 주관적 평가에서 피험자들은 색차인지에 있어 CIELAB 색채공간의 각각의 색요소 차이보다는 전체 색차에 더 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났다.녹색콩풍뎅이의 유충에 의하여 피해를 받는 것이 확인되었다. 녹색콩풍뎅이 유충의 피해를 받은 금잔디는 황화되거나 시들음 증상이 있었고, 이듬해 봄에는 잔디의 회복이 지연되었다.ic conductivity. The changes of $varepsilon$′ and $varepsilon$" were well estimated with this modified Havriliak-Negami model.05). 상기의 결과를 토대로, 성장과 전어체내 지방산조성에 있어서 뱀장어 치어의 사료내 EPA와 DHA의 첨가효과 미약한 것으로 판단되며, 사료내 LNA (n-3)와 LA(n-6) HUFA을 각각 0.35%, 0.65% 첨가했을 때 WG, SGR, FE, PER이 가장 높았으나, 이전의 실험(Takeuchi, 1980)과 동일한 수준인 n-3와 n-6를 각각 0.5%씩 첨가한 실험구와는 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았다. 이렇게 볼 때, 뱀장어 치어의 필수지방산은 LNA (n-3), LA (n-6)이고, 그 적정수준은 각각 0.35-0.5%, 0.5-0.65%임을 보여준다.George W, Bush)가 새로운 지도자로 취임하여 얼마 되지 않은 2001년 9월 11일 사상 초유로 본토에서 알 카에다 테러리스트 조직에 의해 공격받게 되었다. 뉴욕의 세계무역센터 빌딩 2개가 완전히 붕괴되고, 펜타곤에 민간 여객기가 충돌하여 많은 사람이 살상 당하고, 전체적으로 세계 80여 개국으로부터의 6천여 명이 살상되었다. 전 세계와 미국은 국제 테러리스트들의 야만적 행위에 대해 경악하고 이제 미국은 그 대외정책의 최우선순위를 국제 테러를 발본색원하는 것에 두게 되었다. 본 논문은 1998년 한국에서 새로이 출범한 김대중 행정부가 북한에 대해 실시한 포용정책이 어떠한 성과를 거두고 어떠한 문제점을 간과하고 있는가에 대해 논의하고, 대북 정책의 새로운 지평을 논의하는 것을 목적으로 하고

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.790-801
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• 2006

This study analyzed features of elements that compose a logo of inner wear brands to get the following results: First, it was found that "elegance" was the most frequently used word to express the concept of inner wear brands to be followed by words like dignity, high-end and aristocratic, words emphasizing femininity, such as feminine, romantic and sexy, words emphasizing practicality, such as convenient, practical, modern, functional and reasonable, and words emphasizing hygiene, such as clean, healthy and hygienic. This suggests that consumers nowadays pursue image more than functional aspects in the shopping of inner wear and consumers' pursuit of such values is reflected in the concept of inner wear brands. Second, unlike logos for outerwear brands that generally used initials of brand name, word-type logos for inner wear brands used the full name of brands, thus suggesting that they put more emphasis on delivery of information rather than on the symbolic aspect. In case of combining characters with concrete objects, they were found generally to use objects that give an soft, elegant and feminine image, such as flowers, woman's head and ribbons. Third, colors in the series of pink and red seemed to be used to convey the concept of inner wear brands that pursue such images as romanticism, femininity, elegance and sensibility, while colors in the series of blue, black and grey for such concepts as functionality, practicality, simplicity, health, hygiene and refinement. With reference to typeface used in the design of logos, unlike outerwear brands of which 83% use sans serif typeface for logos, relatively high percentage of inner wear was found to use typefaces of serif series to stress feminine flexibility and delicacy and give the image of elegance and classical tenderness. With reference to language used in logo naming for inner wear brands, 33 brands were found to use English and only three brands used Korean among the 36 brands surveyed. Even with inner wear brand logos that have Korean name, it was found that they used English in the use of logo marks. Like the result of previous studies, the result of this study indicates that methods to design brand logos for clothing should be incessantly sought in a way to build brand power as an important component to represent concept or function of brands and reinforce brand image.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.27-42
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• 2016

The purposes of this study were to investigate the emotional consumption propensity and the preferences for sensibility factors of fabrics(color tone, pattern and texture image), and to analyse the differences according to demographic variables and relationships between emotional consumption propensity and preferences for sensibility factors of fabrics, focusing on male and female consumers in 20's, 30's and 40's. The emotional consumption propensity were classified into symbolic consumption propensity, individual consumption propensity, aesthetic consumption propensity and hedonic consumption propensity. The subjects attached great importance in the order of aesthetic consumption propensity, individual consumption propensity and symbolic consumption propensity. Those factors of emotional consumption propensity showed partially significant difference according to demographic variables. Female consumers preferred various color tones than men did, and preference for light color tone showed significant differences according to gender and occupation of consumers. The preferences for floral pattern showed significant difference according to gender, age, education, occupation and marital status of consumers. The factors of the texture images for the fabrics showed partially significant difference according to demographic variables except education of consumers. There were almost significant relationships between emotional consumption propensity and the preferences for sensibility factors for fabrics.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.45-60
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• 2009

This study is intended to implement an e-Learning system assisted class for the dress unit in the subject of technology & home economics in the middle school. This class is aimed at making teaching-learning in the dress unit effective, triggering students' interest in it, enhancing their understanding and offering basic materials for the e-Learning development about clothing instruction in the subject of technology & home economics. To make the concrete situational learning effective and provide realistic learning environments, learning contents were implemented so that the learners themselves could manipulate the contents by clicking. How to wear clothing according to learners' individuality was presented in order to trigger the learners' attention and motivation using the latest clothing pictures from the Internet shopping mall, and the dress fashion pictures of their peers. The result of this study can be summed up as follows. First, the implementation of learning materials with which simulation manipulation and visualization were possible could make the students reach the learning goals easily. Second, teaching-learning activity could be made more effective using audios, images and moving pictures rather than written texts. Third, learning the dress unit, which is especially related with a new fashion, made the most of the advantage of e-Learning by providing realistic and lively learning materials in a timely manner. And it triggered learners' motivation by providing pictures or moving pictures related with their real life. Based on these research results, this study suggests further research to develop e-Learning contents using various multimedia authoring tools as well as the ones applied to this study in learning the dress unit. It also suggests that the database of teaching-learning materials be constructed to securely prepare abundant instruction materials.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.538-544
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• 2007

We usually try to accomodate ourselves to our nature surroundings interacting with nature. There fore I've decided to apply nature materials, esp. the pine to Hair Art as a way of expressing our feelings from Nature. 'Hair Art' is a follow-up study based on the various artistic point of view. There has been various works of 'Hair Art' with nature materials. However, it is rare to see a work of 'Hair Art' with the pine. That's why I've decided to study more about this. This study is a new experiment in 'Hair Art' against a conventional idea "Hair Art values practicability." Therefore, the primary goal of this study is to do much for the cause of learning in 'Hair Art' and encourages some development of 'Hair Art' industry. I've researched an image of a pine tree in art of Joseon Dynasty and contemporary art. Then I've tried to apply the image to a work of 'Hair Art'. First of all, in a view of expression technique for the symbolism of the pine, the artists in Joseon Dynasty drew pictures of a pine tree with a paintbrush but the modern artists make a new attempt from the thought of Modernism. We can find it in some photos. Next, to express traditional oriental idea such as 'unconventional and elegance', comtemporary artists chose the symbolism of the pine tree as an object of their works like pen and ink sketches from the thought of Modernism. Third, in a fusion style picture which contains features of both oriental paintings and western paintings and in a sexualism style picture that depicts a harmony of a male and a female as a shape of a pine, we can find colorful images of a pine tree and Their figurative beauty in art. Those are another symbols of the pine. In conclusion, the implication of the pine tree still hasn't changed even there are differences of drawings of pine tree in the past and the present. I've tried to combine these symbolic ideas of the pine with 'Hair Art' and made 5 hair styles. Throughout the process of researching this topic which is 'The Study of Hair Art Using The Symbolism of The Pine', I've realized that pine trees make it possible to express intrinsic tough spirit of human being and abundance in color and figurative beauty in art. I hope this can contribute to the field of 'Hair Art' and would become an important educational resource for further study.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.12
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• pp.186-196
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• 2018

Sports has become one way to improve our own health and to enjoy life by changing the lifestyle of modern-day people. Sports athletes not only give pleasure to the public, but also play a role in elevating a nation's reputation through sports. Tennis is popular with the public, and women players receive tennis wear from various sports companies to promote the designs to the public. This study considers the design-related characteristics of women's tennis wear through content analysis of design elements from the tennis wear in four major tournaments over the most recent five years. This is important in order to provide basic data on design directions for tennis wear in the future. The results of this study are as follows. First, the silhouette plays a role in enhancing activity by considering the physical movement of tennis players who are very active. Second, color emphasizes the rules and clarity of traditional tennis tournaments, and reflects a diversified trend in tennis wear by considering smooth game play by players and combining popular colors in the year. Third, patterns and decorations on material are used as a means to emphasize the esthetics of tennis wear, and tape plays an auxiliary role in emphasizing the physical beauty of women or preventing physical movement causing injury. In addition, sponsor logos are generally located at the center of the chest of tennis wear tops by mixing letters and images. This can be interpreted as a part of the marketing strategy to enhance clarity of the sponsor's brand.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.497-502
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• 2022

Information delivery among young generation has a distinct tendency to prefer visual to text as means of information distribution and sharing recently, and it is natural to distribute information through Youtube or one-man broadcasting on Internet. That is, young generation usually get their information through this kind of distribution procedure. Many young generation are also drastic and more aggressive for decorating themselves very uniquely. It tends to create personal characteristics freely through drastic expression and attempt of face makeup, hair styling and fashion coordination without distinction of sex. Especially, face makeup becomes an object of major concern among males nowadays, and female of course, then it is the major means to express their personality. In this study, to meet the demands of the times, we design and implement the intellectual smart mirror application that efficiently retrieves and recommends the related videos among Youtube or one-man broadcastings produced by famous professional makeup artists to implement the face makeup congruous with our face shape, hair color & style, skin tone, fashion color & style in order to create the face makeup that represent our characteristics. We also introduce the AI technique to provide optimal solution based on the learning of user's search patterns and facial features, and finally provide the detailed makeup face images to give the chance to get the makeup skill stage by stage.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.30 no.3 s.151
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• pp.412-424
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• 2006

This paper starts out with a review of the concepts of naturalism and natural clothes. Based on these concepts, the paper aims to create nature-friendly and high-value modem designs by grafting natural images from butterflies into human bodies. The images of butterflies are combined to show distinguished luxury and diversity with natural materials such as denim. As for the design technology, Adove Illustrator 10, Photoshop 7.0, and Prima Vision Textile Design System are used since they are very popular in the CAD system. The followings are the main findings of our research. Naturalism displays its objectivity based on its inherent interest in human nature and its factual description in scientific approaches with an intention to find a true meaning of human life in nature. Natural clothes can be defined as the clothes of natural silhouette which are made of pure materials in natural colors and dyes from natural motifs such as animals, plants or natural phenomena. We have realized that the visually distinguished looks of butterflies are indeed far more luxurious than those of any other insects and this visual distinction can be utilized to attract the attention from designers. Lastly, it turns out that the digital printing technique can create more variety in colors and design forms than the manual printing, thereby providing designers with more options and practicality.