• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.886-894
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• 2012

For the development of Moru wine with enhanced sensory qualities, Moru (Vitis amurensis) wines were fermented with pine needles from Pinus densiflora Siebold et Zuccarini to make Moru-pine wine or medicinal herbs from Astragali Radix and Viscum album to make Moru-herb wine. Moru without pine needles or medicinal herbs was included as a control. Pine needles and Astragali Radix/Viscum album delayed the fermentation of Moru wine, but after 40 days of fermentation and aging, final ethanol contents, pH, acidity, and the sugar/organic acid content in these kinds of Moru wines had no differences. The final ethanol level and acidity of Moru wines were 11.5~12.9% and 1.1~1.2%, respectively, but any sugars (glucose, fructose and sucrose) were not detected in all Moru wines. These results are consistent with the general characteristics of Moru wines, which have a high acidity and low sugar contents. Relatively low browness and antocyanins were detected in Moru-herb wine decreasing its chromaticity in a sensory test. Overall, the supplements of Astragali Radix/Viscum album reduced the color of normal Moru wine, which might be applied toward the development of conventional Moru wines.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.305-311
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• 2014

It is imperative to know the reproductive parameters of the existing swine breed for profitable farming in Bangladesh. This study was designed to determine the reproductive parameters of sows at hilly areas. A total of 245 pigs with 47 breedable sows were included. The data on age at puberty, oestrous cycle length, oestrus duration, gestation length, interval between furrowing and onset of oestrus, first service pregnancy rate, service per pregnancy and number of piglets born per sow in local and cross bred sows were determined. The present study revealed that age at puberty of local and cross breed sows was $232.5{\pm}8.4$, $221.3{\pm}6.9$ days, respectively. Oestrous duration was $41.1{\pm}3.1$ hours. The interval between furrowing and onset of oestrus was shorter in cross bred sows. There was no variation in values of oestrus cycle length and gestation length. The first service pregnancy rate was higher in both the local and cross bred sow. Number of piglets per sow per farrowing was $6.1{\pm}2.2$ and 60.9% local sows gave birth of 3 to 5 piglets per farrowing whereas 75.0% cross bred sows gave birth of 6 to 9 piglets. These results suggest that reproductive parameters of local sow need to be improved for better production, and cross bred sows should be reared for obtaining expected productivity.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.39-47
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• 2020

While agricultural water has been declared free in Korea to ensure access to these limited resource since the year 2000, farmers have however developed lackadaisical behavior towards water saving leading to its scarcity. To overcome this problem, a variety of experience-oriented education model was developed for farmers to promote the adoption of water conservation, and preventive measure against the drought impacts. In this study, farmers' awareness and their attitudinal behavior of agricultural water savings were investigated. The monitoring of water supply structure and the repair facilities in Pohang and Yeongdeok areas were conducted. The field visits and behavioral surveys showed a high degree of over-use and illegal water withdrawals by the farmers due to poor water-saving and management practices. We found that most of the KRC employees strongly admitted the necessity of water-saving education. On the other hand, the farmers showed good interest in the implementation of water-saving awareness through education. Besides this, most farmers agreed to adopt water-saving practices in the fields. Farmers also acknowledged the recklessness of water use was due to the aging of waterways, poor water management, and illegal water consumption. The majority of the farmers responded against imposing the water-use tariffs. However, there was a low response to paying the water-use charge. Aging agricultural facilities and the lack of institutional penalties or incentives were the major obstacles in achieving efficient water-saving. Considering the current drought frequency, urgent water-saving education of farmers was deemed necessary to prepare the farming community against the water shortages. Based on the results of this study, we have to identify the irrigation practices of farmers and provide water-saving education to enforce more efficient use and management of agricultural water.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 1996

This study was conducted to analyze the present status and the levels of mechanization and automation for raising, feeding, water supply, propagation, health management, ventilation and heat control, data analysis, and etc, and to establish the guide of the future study on development of the optimum production system models of swine facility from the results of this analysis. The scheme of the future study on the development of the optimum production system model of swine facility was established as follows : 1. A Korean and environmental control type slatted windowless swine housing model would be developed according to the following basis : \circled1 Boars, gilts and sows, delivery sows should be raised individually and piglets, growing pigs, and finishing pigs should be raised in group. \circled2 The arrangement of furrowing house were two rows of furrowing crates facing the center aisle. 2. The environmental control system and waste management system that are suitable to Korean and environmental control type slatted windowless swine housing model would be developed. 3. An electronic identification device would be developed. 4. The automatic individual wet feeding system by electronic identification device and computers would be developed. 5. The individual management system would be developed, which could manage individually the breeding pigs by the electronic identification device. 6. An expert system would be developed, which could manage the health and data base of pigs.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.95 no.5
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• pp.591-594
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• 2006

To have better urban forests in future we are focusing on two major issues like other countries. How we could have more urban forest-quantitative approach-against the expanding of urbanization, and how we could produce better urban forest-qualitative approach-to give a chance in contact with better nature for urban people. Prime surveys on urban forests have been carried out in 6 major cities since 1991, and the city of Daegu which is located on the east southern area of Korea have been case studied for qualitative approaches during last 3 years. Major species of the remnant forests were Pinus densiflora, Pinus rigida, Pinus thunbergii and Robinia pseudoacacia. Approximately 20% of the surveyed forests were lost their structure as forests caused by illegal farming, facilities and as the bare ground by excessive visitors. Generally speaking the condition of forests for biotope was very poor in overall. From two years data of monitoring of birds, we found that wooded parkways and woodland squares had more species than street tree areas. Nests were found mainly on the branch of Zelkova serrata, Pinus densiflora and Quercus myrsinaefolia. The size of urban forests mainly determined the species richness of birds. According to the oxygen output and carbon input by photosynthesis measurement, the capability was in order of Platanus occidentalis, Zelkova serrata and Ginko biloba. Air conditioning effects of trees through transpiration measurement was found and the quality of forests also related to the reducing of urban heat-island.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.175-188
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• 2004

The objectives of this study were to estimate leaf area index (LAI) as a function of image-derived vegetation indices, and to compare measured and estimated LAI to the results of crop model simulation. Soil moisture, crop phenology, and LAI data were obtained several times during the 2001 growing season at monitoring sites established in two central Missouri experimental fields, one planted to com (Zea mays L.) and the other planted to soybean (Glycine max L.). Hyper- and multi-spectral images at varying spatial. and spectral resolutions were acquired from both airborne and satellite platforms, and data were extracted to calculate standard vegetative indices (normalized difference vegetative index, NDVI; ratio vegetative index, RVI; and soil-adjusted vegetative index, SAVI). When comparing these three indices, regressions for measured LAI were of similar quality $(r^2$ =0.59 to 0.61 for com; $r^2$ =0.66 to 0.68 for soybean) in this single-year dataset. CERES(Crop Environment Resource Synthesis)-Maize and CROPGRO-Soybean models were calibrated to measured soil moisture and yield data and used to simulate LAI over the growing season. The CERES-Maize model over-predicted LAI at all corn monitoring sites. Simulated LAI from CROPGRO-Soybean was similar to observed and image-estimated LA! for most soybean monitoring sites. These results suggest crop growth model predictions might be improved by incorporating image-estimated LAI. Greater improvements might be expected with com than with soybean.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.57
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• pp.277-301
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• 2018

Korean society is a mixed risk society in terms of risk and distrust. This is because the risks and disasters of the farming and industrial societies, the modern and the information society, exist simultaneously in the present time. Ulrich Beck's point that the endless development of science and technology to acquire economic wealth is simultaneously entering a risk society is providing us with many implications. In this paper, we reviewed the Ulrich Beck's "reflexive modernization" theory in the late 20th century, pointing to the rise of a risk society as a result of the evolution of new modernization. This is because the "reflexive modernization" can be a direction in which we can reflect our wrong past from a human-centered perspective and design a desirable future. In this sense, it is important to present ways to overcome the dangerous society through the reinterpretation of Ulrich Beck, who advocated the modernization of reflectively. In order to overcome the future risks that the fourth industrial revolution will bring, we must provide direction for the government's security policies and public security consciousness.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.61 no.6
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• pp.93-101
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• 2019

This study aims to analyze the influences of applications of two different evapotranspiration (ET) estimation methods on the irrigation water requirements (IWR) for paddy rice and water supply reliability of agricultural reservoirs. The modified Penman (MP), traditional method, and the Penman-Monteith (PM), the new adopted method, were applied on 149 reservoirs located in Honam province for this study. The weather date was used from 1987 to 2016, and analysed the trends of temperature and rainfall during rice growing season between past and current 10 years respectively. The increased average temperature and rainfall were observed from the current 10 years compared to the past years. This phenomena impacts on the results of ET and IWR estimations with decreased IWR obtained from high rainfall regions and increased ET obtained high temperature regions. For the comparisons of application results of two ET approaches, the PM method showed lower ET and IWR, and hence more reliable storage capacity of the reservoirs respect to water supply to paddy fields. The results also showed that the influences of different ET methods applications on the water supply reliability of reservoirs are negligible for the cases of over 3.7 watershed ratio and 670 mm unit reservoir storage, while significant variations of the results obtain from the applications between two ET approaches for the opposite cases. Further studies are necessary to consider various field conditions for practical applications of the PM method estimating ET in the fields of paddy farming.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.9 no.10
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• pp.108-113
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• 2019

In relation to $4^{th}$ industrial revolution, it is required to build a smart agricultural system using the pest control drones, which are emerging fast these days as a role to support pest control work of farmers and improve aging issues in farming. However, the absence of accurate criteria on management of the pest control drones and the effect of pesticide application is leading to damage to crops by pesticides. The extreme shortage of analysis of management of the pest control drones and relevant studies, and big differences in pest control efficiency depending on the operation skills of controllers are the biggest reasons for the damage. Therefore, this paper suggests a basic study on agricultural pest control drone operation system buildup to make out working schedules and calculate the dosage of pesticide by understanding the features of the pest control drones properly based on the control using smart operating mode.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.94-103
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• 2016

Landfarming that supplies aerobic biodegradation condition to indigenous microbes in soils is a biological remediation technology. In this research, volatilization and biodegradation rate by indigenous microbes in the soil contaminated with total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) were measured. Soils were contaminated with diesel artificially and divided into two parts. One was sterilized by autoclave to remove indigenous microorganism and the other was used as it was. Various moisture contents and number of tillings were applied to the soil to find out proper condition to minimize volatilization and enhance bioremediation. Volatilization of TPH was inhibited and biodegradation was enhanced by increase on moisture content. Tilling was usually used to supply air for microbes, but tillings did not affect the growth of microbes in our study. Enough moisture content and proper aeration are important to control volatilization in landfarming. Also, TPH degradation was a function of the microbe counts (x₁), numbers of tilling (x₂), and moisture content (x₃) from the application of the response surface methodology. Statistical results showed the order of significance of the independent variables to be microbe counts > numbers of tilling > moisture content.