• 보건교육건강증진학회지
• /
• 제25권3호
• /
• pp.59-75
• /
• 2008

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to identify the stages of change distributions for nine major health behaviors among poor children in underserved area, and to provide basic information for developing specific objectives and strategies for health education program. Methods: The health behavior data were obtained with a self-administered questionnaire and analysed for 3,081 poor children in 106 local children's centers nationwide. Stages of change classification were based on self-reported responses to five statements. The health behaviors included were balanced diet, safety behavior (helmet and protective device use while riding), regular exercise, smoking, alcohol use, drug use, sleep pattern, weight management and stress management. Results: Poor children were more likely in precontemplation and less frequently in action and maintenance stages for a safety behavior. 33.1% of respondents were precontemplators, 29.9% contemplators, and 6.5% in preparation stage. Only 4.3% and 9.6% were in action and maintenance stages, respectively. Gender differences were apparent. Boys were more likely to be precontemplators for nine health behaviors. Children from the lowest socioeconomic status and disrupted family were more likely to be in precontemplation for weight management and exercise behaviors. Children living with both parents were more likely to be in the action and maintenance stages for nine health behaviors. Stages of change for balanced diet and smoking were significantly related with those for other eight health behaviors. And the stage of exercise adoption was found to be significantly related with those for other seven health behaviors. Conclusion: Safety education must receive high priority in health education program for low income children. Balanced diet smoking cessation and regular exercise could be a possible gateway behavior toward healthier lifestyle practices.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
• /
• 제24권3호
• /
• pp.227-234
• /
• 2007

Sungrazing comet은 근일점이 태양에 매우 가까이 근접하는 혜성을 의미한다. 1996년부터 2007년 4월까지 약 1270여개의 sungrazing comet이 Solar and Heliospheric Observatory(SOHO) 위성에 의해 발견되었다. 현재 이들은 Kreutz, Meyer, Marsden, Kracht 1&2 group으로 나뉘며, 현재 약 85%가 Kreutz group에 속한다. 이 Kreutz group은 근일점이 대체로 태양 표면으로부터 $2{\sim}3R_{\bigodot}$ 떨어진 곳에 위치한다. 우리는 SOHO sungrazing comet의 근일점 분포에 대해 분석하였고, 지금가지 그룹으로 분류되지 못한 혜성 중에서 앞으로 그룹이 될 가능성이 있을 만큼 근일점이 가깝고 궤도가 비슷한 3쌍의 혜성[(C/2000 Y6, C/2000 Y7), (C/2000 V4, C/2001 T5), (C/2003 H6, C/2003 H7)]을 예비그룹으로 제안하고자 한다.

• 한국어류학회지
• /
• 제11권2호
• /
• pp.198-210
• /
• 1999

한국산 홍어과(科) 어류(魚類)에 대한 분류학적(分類學的) 고찰(考察)과 국명(國名) 및 분포(分布) 범위(範圍)를 정리(整理)하기 위해 국내외의 표본(標本)과 문헌(文獻)을 통하여 재검토(再檢討)하였다. 그 결과 홍어과 어류는 4속(屬) 11종(種), 즉 Bathyraja bergi 바닥가오리, B. isotrachys 저자가오리, Dipturus kwangtungensis 광동홍어, D. macrocauda 도랑가오리, D. tengu 살홍어, Okamejei acutispina 무늬홍어, O. boesemani 깨알홍어, O. kenojei 홍어, O. meerdervoortii 오동가오리, Raja koreana 고려홍어 및 R. pulchra "참홍어" (국명개정(國名改稱)) 등으로 확인되었다. Dipturus속(屬)과 Okamejei속(屬)은 아속(亞屬)에서 속(屬)으로 승격되었기 때문에 각각 "살홍어속(屬)"과 "홍어속(屬)"으로 국명개정(國名新稱)하였고, Raja속(屬)은 "참홍어속(屬)"으로 국명개정(國名新稱)하였다. 분류학적 재검토의 결과 Bathyraja bergi 바닥가오리도 분포함을 알 수 있었다. 한국산 홍어과 어류의 종(種) 목록(目錄)과 분포도(分布圖)를 제시하였다.

• 한국치위생학회지
• /
• 제3권2호
• /
• pp.183-196
• /
• 2003

Purpose: This study sought to identify factors associated with dental hygienists' decisions to leave one dental office and commence practice in another. In addition to, the reasons dental hygienists stay in the profession were investigated. Demographic descriptors, including education level, marital status and age, and employment setting were also examined. Methods: Currently practicing dental hygienists in Korea were surveyed from March to May 2003. Data were collected through a questionnaire. The survey collected information concerning the 461 respondents' personal characteristics and reasons associated with changing positions and staying. Data were analyzed using frequency distributions, independent t-tests and chi-square analyses. All statistical analyses were conducted using the Statistical Package for Social Scientists(SPSS v.10, Chicago, Illinois). Results: The primary reasons for taking up another employment were found to be better offer, inadequate salary and personal conflict with dentist. Secondary reasons stated for changing their job revealed additional factors including inadequate salary, better offer, and lack of benefits. The primary influence in deciding to remaining in the practice of dental hygiene was self-development. Family responsibility, safe environment and professional collaboration were also important factors in deciding to remain in workforce. Conclusion: The position changes of dental hygienists are primarily influenced by better offer. Inadequate salary and conflict with dentist were also important factors in deciding to change employment positions. The findings suggest that dental hygienists who remain in the workforce are positively influenced mainly by self-development. Employers of dental hygienists should be aware of these factors in employing process. If more hygienists could remain longer in their positions, the manpower situation would be affected positively.

• 한국시뮬레이션학회논문지
• /
• 제33권1호
• /
• pp.19-26
• /
• 2024

단계형 확률분포는 마코프 체인이 특정 상태로 흡수되는 시점까지 거쳐가는 여러 단계에서 체재하는 시간들의 합으로 정의되며 대기행렬 시스템과 신뢰성 분석 모형 등에 광범위하게 사용된다. 연속적 단계형 분포의 경우 흡수 상태로 진입하기까지 거쳐가는 각각의 단계에서의 체재 시간이 지수분포를 따르므로 연속적 단계형 분포는 다양한 지수분포들의 합 또는 볼록 결합으로 나타낼 수 있다. 단계형 분포를 생성하는 가장 일반적이면서도 직관적인 방법은 마코비안 표현방법이라 불리는 초기 확률벡터와 전이 생성행렬에 의해 주어지는 조건부 확률을 이용하는 것이다. 적률이 주어진 상황에서 단계형 변수를 생성하는 방법에 대한 기존의 연구들은 대부분 적률을 마코비안 표현방법으로 변환하는 것을 전제로 하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 적률을 마코비안 표현방법으로 변환하지 않고 확률 분포함수를 결정하여 단계형 확률변수를 생성하는 방법에 대해 살펴보고 마코프 표현을 사용하는 기존의 방법 대신에 조단 분해법과 최소 표현 라플라스 변환을 이용하여 2계 단계형 확률변수를 분포함수를 결정하는 공식과 절차를 제시한다. 이러한 접근 방법은 고차원의 단계형 확률분포를 이용하여 대기행렬의 시뮬레이션을 하는 경우에 마코비안 표현방법의 전이행렬을 결정하여 변수를 생성하는 경우보다 효율적이다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제14권3호
• /
• pp.2119-2125
• /
• 2013

Background: The aim of the study was to determine risk factors for cervical cancer for women in Izmir. Methods: This cross-sectional, descriptive field covered a population of 4319 women of reproductive age (15-49) (household registration in the Mukhtar's office-2007). A total of 1,637 women were included in the sample given a four-part questionnaire through face-to-face interview by visiting the women in their homes in order to determine socio-demographic factors, obstetric history, genital hygiene and the use of family planning methods. In addition, during the data collection process, the women were given group training in order to raise awareness of cervical cancer. The number and percentage distributions of the data were calculated. Results: While the average age of the women was $31.9{\pm}9.77$ (Min: 15.00-Max: 49.00), education level of 43.4% of them was elementary school only. It was determined that 70.3% of the women experienced at least one pregnancy, 71.0% had vaginal delivery and 75.9% used a contraceptive method. In the study it was determined that among the cervical cancer related risks vaginal delivery, vaginal lavage and having three or more pregnancies had the highest rates, while having sexual intercourse before 16 years of age and having more than one sexual partner constituted lower rates. The rate of the women who stated not having a smear in the last three years was 82.4%. Conclusions: Considering the case in terms of having Pap smear test, women's awareness on the risk factors and early diagnosis of cervical cancer was found to be low. Due to this reason, awareness of women has to be raised through education.

• 대한한방내과학회지
• /
• 제29권1호
• /
• pp.149-159
• /
• 2008

Background and Purpose : This study was to assess characteristics in acute stroke patients according to obesity and abdominal obesity. Methods : From1 Oct. 2005 to 31 Jul. 2007, 629 patients with a stroke were included. Patients were hospitalized within 30 days after the onset of stroke at Kyungwon University Incheon Oriental Hospital, DongGuk University International Hospital and Department of Cardiovascular and Neurologic Disease (Stroke Center), or Kyung Hee University Oriental Hospital. We investigated general characteristics preferences according to general obesity and abdominal obesity. Results : 629 acute stroke patients were included in the final analysis. Male, young age, hypertension, heart disease in the family history, hypertension in the past history, care of invalids or grandchildren and Taeumin in the Sasang constitution were higher among obese patients. Male, transient ischemic attack in the past history, smoker and Soyangin in the Sasangconstitution were higher among patients with abdominal obesity. The incidence of abdominal obesity corresponded to lower education level. Conclusions : In our study, we observed the general disposition of various characteristic distributions according to obesity and abdominal obesity in acute stroke patients.

• Ocean and Polar Research
• /
• 제43권3호
• /
• pp.127-140
• /
• 2021

At the estuaries of Bonggang and Miryong streams in the Korean southern coast, the spatiotemporal distribution and habitat environment of a nerite snail, Clithon retropictum (Gastropoda: Neritidae), which has been assigned as a legally protected species of Korea, were explored. Physicochemical environmental factors such as water temperature, salinity, tidal level distribution as well as biotic environments (chlorophyll-a concentration and epilithic microalgae composition) were monitored every month. The relationships between the environmental factors and spatiotemporal distribution of the nerite snail population were analyzed. Water temperature, salinity, and water level varied by season and lunar tidal rhythm. The spatiotemporal distribution of the nerite snail was mostly related to water salinity. Among epilithic algae which were the priority prey of snails, blue-green algae and green algae dominated in summer and autumn, while diatoms predominated during winter and spring. Chlorophyll-a concentration was highly and positively correlated with the population density of the nerite snail. The correlation coefficients were different depending on the taxon (Family) of epilithic algae. The mean population density was 302.2 inds m^-2 and 271.8 inds m^-2 in Bonggang Stream and Miryong Stream, respectively. The egg capsules of the nerite snail in the two habitats were observed from March (in Bonggang Stream) or April (in Miryong Stream) to August, and newly hatched juveniles recruited in the habitats from August were assessed with regard to frequency distributions of shell width. The occurrence of large-sized snails in upper stream reaches of both Bonggang and Miryong indicated the movement of spats from the mouth to the upper reaches during the whole life cycle.

• 한국환경생태학회지
• /
• 제27권2호
• /
• pp.209-218
• /
• 2013

서식처 유형에 따른 잠자리군집 특성을 알아보기 위하여 원주시에 위치한 묵논습지, 자연형 저수지, 자연하천, 산림계곡의 4개 대표 비오톱 유형에 33개 조사구를 설치하여 2010년 6월, 8월, 10월에 조사를 실시하였다. 잠자리는 총 9과 38종이 확인되었다. TWINSPAN 분석을 통하여 4개 서식처 유형별 종 조성을 비교한 결과, 3개 서식처(묵논습지, 자연형 저수지, 산림계곡)는 뚜렷한 종 조성 차이를 보였으나, 자연하천은 뚜렷한 종 조성 차이를 보이지 않았다. 서식처 유형별 우점종과 아우점종은 고추좀잠자리와 깃동잠자리가 대부분이었으나 등줄실잠자리, 산잠자리, 왕잠자리 등은 서식처 차이를 보였다. 서식처 유형별 종다양성지수는 묵논습지, 자연하천, 자연형 저수지에서 통계적으로 차이가 없었으며 산림계곡은 낮았다. 서식처 유형별 잠자리 산란유형은 묵논습지가 가장 다양하였으며, 식물체에 산란하는 잠자리 종류가 가장 많아 습생식물이 잠자리 풍부도에 중요한 역할을 하는 것으로 판단된다. 회귀분석을 통하여 종간관계를 분석한 결과, 고추잠자리와 밀잠자리, 고추잠자리와 방울실잠자리, 배치레잠자리와 애기좀잠자리가 정의 상관관계를 보였으며, 상관관계가 높은 종간에도 선호하는 서식처에 차이가 존재하였다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제13권3호
• /
• pp.837-846
• /
• 2012

Breast cancer (BCa) is the leading type of cancer in Mexican women. Genetic factors, such as single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) of P450 system, have been reported in BCa. In this report, and for the first time in the literature, we analyzed the rs3735684 (7021 G>A), rs11553651 (15016 G>T) and rs56195291 (60020 C>G) polymorphisms in the CYP2W1, 4F11 and 8A1 genes in patients with BCa and in healthy Mexican women to identify a potential association between these polymorphisms and BCa risk. Patients and controls were used for polymorphism analysis using an allelic discrimination assay with TaqMan probes and confirmed by DNA sequencing. Links with clinic-pathological characteristics were also analyzed. Statistical analysis was performed using the standard ${\chi}^2$ or Fisher exact test statistic. No significant differences were observed in the distributions of CYP2W1 (OR 8.6, 95%CI 0.43-172.5 P>0.05; OR 2.0, 95%CI 0.76-5.4, P>0.05) and CYP4F11 (OR 0.3, 95%CI 0.01-8.4 P>0.05) genotypes between the patients and controls. Only the CYP8A1 CC genotype was detected in patients with BCa and the controls. All polymorphism frequencies were in Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium (HWE) in the controls (P>0.05). We found a significant association between BCa risk and smoking, use of oral contraceptives or hormonal replacement therapy (HRT), obesity, hyperglycemia, chronic diseases, family history of cancer and menopausal status in the population studied (P<0.05). Tobacco, oral contraceptive or HRT, chronic diseases and obesity or overweight were strongly associated with almost eight, thirty-five, nine and five-fold increased risk for BCa. Tobaco, obesity and hyperglycemia significantly increased the risk of BCa in the patients carrying variant genotypes of CYP2W1 (P<0.05). These results indicate that the CYP2W1 rs3735684, CYP4F11 rs11553651 and CYP8A1 rs56195291 SNPs are not a key risk factor for BCa in Mexican women. This study did not detect an association between the CYP2W1, 4F11 and 8A1 genes polymorphisms and BCa risk in a Mexican population. However, some clinico-pathological risk factors interact with CYP2W1 genotypes and modifies susceptibility to BCa.