• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.1141-1145
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• 2013

Delay in seeking treatment for breast cancer is a barrier to the early diagnosis and management of the disease, resulting in a poorer prognosis. We here estimated the prevalence of delayed presentation for breast cancer and identified possible influential sociodemographic factors in a cross-sectional study of 250 patients diagnosed with primary breast cancer at the Radiotherapy and Oncology Clinic in Kuala Lumpur Hospital. Data were collected by face-to-face interview using a structured questionnaire and from medical records. We examined associations between delayed presentation (presenting to a physician more than 3 months after self-discovery of a symptom) and sociodemographic characteristics, practice of breast self examination (BSE), history of benign breast disease, family history of breast cancer and type of symptom, symptom disclosure and advice from others to seek treatment using multiple logistic regression. Time from self-discovery of symptom to presentation ranged from tghe same day to 5 years. Prevalence of delayed presentation was 33.1% (95%CI: 27.4, 39.3). A significantly higher proportion of delayers presented with late stages (stage III/IV) (58.3% vs. 26.9%, p<0.001). Divorced or widowed women (OR: 2.23, 95% CI: 1.11, 4.47) had a higher risk of delayed presentation than married women and women who never performed breast self examination were more likely to delay presentation compared to those who regularly performed BSE (OR: 2.74, 95% CI: 1.33, 5.64). Our findings indicate that delayed presentation for breast cancer symptoms among Malaysian women is high and that marital status and breast self examination play major roles in treatment-seeking for breast cancer symptoms.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.126-136
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• 2010

Purpose: This study was done to evaluate factors affecting active early detection behaviors of breast cancer and performance rate of breast self examination (BSE), physical examination and mammography. Methods: The participants were 264 women from an outpatient breast clinic of a university hospital and materials were collected from March 2007 to February 2008 using a structured questionnaire. The data were analyzed using $x^2$ test, logistic analysis. Results: The rate for BSE was 58.3%, for physical examination, 55.3% and for mammography experience, 63.4%. Women with all of these active early detection behaviors accounted for 31.8% of the participants. Various factors such as age, income, marital status, and menopause showed increased significant performance rate. The explanation power of logistic model was 48.5%, and was significant for age, income and health belief. Factors related to high performance rate were being over 40 years of age, high income and high health belief score. Conclusion: Active early detection behaviors were not high in spite of marked increases in breast cancer incidence. Encouragement for women practicing early detection behavior is important, but there is also a need to develop interest and support for the low performance group. More sustained education and public relations are needed to further improve active early detection behavior.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.77-88
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• 2010

Objectives: This study was conducted to estimate medical expenditure attributable to overweight and obesity in adults with hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidemia using Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination survey data and Korea National Health Corporation data. Methods: The medical expenditure of hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidemia related to overweight and obesity were composed of inpatient care costs, outpatient care costs and medication costs. The population attributable risk (PAR) of overweight and obesity was calculated from national representative data of Korea such as the National Health Insurance Corporation cohort data and 2005 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination survey data. Results: The medical expenditure attributable to overweight and obesity of hypertension were 456 billion won (men : 215 billion won, women : 241 billion won). Those of diabetes were 282 billion won (men : 148 billion won, women : 135 billion won), and of dyslipidemia were 17 billion won (men : 9 billion won, women : 8 billion won). Consequently, these costs corresponded to 33.3% of total medical expenditure due to hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidemia. Conclusions: We found a substantial medical expenditure due to overweight and obesity of hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidemia were very high. In order to reduce these costs, effective national strategies for prevention and management of overweight and obesity should be established and implemented.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.269-276
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• 2015

Purpose: The aim of the current study was to compare the vegetable and fruit intake between one person households and those living with family. Methods: The 24-hour recall data of 14,914 persons over 20 years old who participated in the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) from 2010 to 2012 were used for the final analysis. Consumption of non-salted vegetables and fruits (${\geq}400g/day$), fruits (${\geq}200g/day$), and kimchi (${\geq}120g/day$) was compared between one person households and those living with family. Logistic regression models were used to assess the associations between potential determinants and adequate vegetable and fruit intake. Results: After additional adjustments for age, household income, and total energy intake, no statistically significant differences in likelihood of low intake of nonsalted vegetable and fruit and kimchi were observed between one person households and those living with family. (Nonsalted vegetables and fruits: odds ratio (OR) = 1.15, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.79-1.68 for the men; OR = 1.25, 95% CI = 0.98-1.59 for women). However one person households have greater likelihood of low intake of kimchi than those living with family in women (OR = 1.72, 95% CI = 1.31-2.26). Conclusion: Although there were no differences in likelihood of low intake of non-salted vegetables and between individuals living alone and those living with family, women of one person households were great likelihood of low intake of kimchi compared to those living with family.

• International Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2014

We conducted an examination of 243 female adolescent fandom members in order to understand the relationship of the engagement in fandom activities, love attitude, and ego-identity. Researchers used three scales of 'Engagement in Fandom Activities', 'Love Attitude' (Hendrick & Hendrick, 1986) and 'Ego-identity' (Dignan, 1965). Correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis were applied after data was collected depending on the scales. The study showed that the degree of engagement and the tendency towards erotic love behavior had a positive correlation. The correlation with the sub-domains of ego-identity were positive with role-expectation and self-assertiveness while self-awareness was negative. All four factors affected the degree of engagement in fandom activities. It is meaningful that research help to understand the characteristic of female adolescent fandom and simultaneously investigate the effective factors of engagement in fandom activity.

• International Journal of Contents
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.77-83
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• 2011

This paper is an inquiry into the human sensibility on view from high-rise housing in a viewpoint of architectural environment design that pay attention to multi-family high-rise housing which is becomes a trend in recent years. And this paper is the fundamental approach for applying this result to later architectural environmental plan of multi-family high-rise housing. In this paper, we used repertory grid method as a cognitive psychological way of analysis and eye mark recorder measurement experiments as a physiological way of examination. In the conclusions, examined human sensibilities on views-focused on the analysis result of eye mark recorder measurement experiments through repertory grid method that are carried on the main subject-and described problems after this and possibilities in the same time.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.19-41
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• 2011

This paper was an examination of gender-specific behaviors in children and the types of bullying behavior among 1,181 fifth and sixth grade elementary schools student identified were then classified. Differences were identified in individual variables, family variables, and school variables. The data thus collected were subjected to descriptive and comparative statistical analysis using the SPSS software program. Our results showed that multiple discriminant analysis yielded a function of individual, family and school variables that proved effective in classifying bully, reinforcer, assistant, victim, outsider and defender types in boys. In girls, multiple discriminant analysis yielded a function of individual variables that was effective in classifying bully, reinforcer, assistant, victim, outsider and defender types.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.137-144
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• 1999

This study examines the general reuse plan for deteriorated multi-family housing (apartrtments) in the urban fringe of Taegu City. The apartments which were built in the 1970's have to be improved. It is necessary to carry out the actual investigation for alternatives of reconstruction or reuse. From the above point of view, the study lays its purpose to find pertinent directions for the reasonable reuse plan, and gets on as follows; 1) Analize the residential state for users' needs of detoriorated aprtments through an investigation. 2) Synthesize the experts' opinions about matters related to reuse planning through a questionnaire. 3) Suggest the general solutions in three areas; unit dwelling, housing site, equipment and facilities, Finally, in the future housing development projects, concepts of reuse planning should be reflected beforehand.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.59-75
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to verify the validity and reliability for the Test of Oral Reading and Comprehension Skill (Gardner, 2000) for Korean lower level elementary school children. Subjects were 122 first to third grade students, tested individually. The vocabulary and comprehension sub-tests of K-WISC III and the reading comprehension test of Basic Academic Skills Assessment (Kim, 2000) were used to verify concurrent validity. Internal reliability was determined by internal consistency coefficients. Results verified concurrent validity. Test scores differed significantly by grade level. Test reliability was also confirmed. In conclusion, the Oral Reading and Comprehension Skill Test (Gardner, 2000) is reliable and valid for examination of reading comprehension skills for Korean lower level elementary school children.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.185-191
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• 2015

Comparative molecular analysis has been frequently adopted for the authentication of herbal medicines as well as the identification of botanical origins. Roots and rhizomes of the family Umbelliferae have been used as traditional herbal medicines to relieve various symptoms such as inflammation, neuralgia and paralysis in countries of East Asia. Since most herbal medicines of the Umbelliferae roots or rhizomes are generally supplied in the form of dried slices, morphological examination does not often provide sufficient evidence to identify the botanical origin. Using species-specific probes developed by the comparative analysis of nrDNA ITS sequences, a DNA chip was developed to identify herbal medicines for 13 species in the Umbelliferae. The developed DNA Chip proves its potential as a rapid, sensitive and effective tool for authenticating herbal medicines in future.