• 대한간호학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.430-458
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• 1990

Care is a central concept of nursing. Nursing would not exist without caring. Care and quality of life are closely related. Human behavior is a manifestation of culture. We can say that caring and nursing care are expression of culture. The nurse must understand the relationship of culture with care for ensure quality nursing care. But knowledge of cultural factors in nursing is not well developed. Time and in - depth study are needed to find meaningful relationships between culture and care. Nurses recognized the importance of culturally appropriate nursing There are two care systems in culturally based nursing. The folk care system and the professional nursing care system. The folk care system existed long before the professional nursing care system was introduced into this culture. If the discrepancy between these two care systems is great, the client may receive inappropriate nursing care. Culture and subcaltures are diverse and dynamic in nature. Nurses need to know the caring behaviors, patterns, and their meaning in their own culture. In Korea we have taken some first step to study cultural nursing phenomena. It is not our intent necessarily to return to the past and develop a nationalistic of nursing, but to identify the core of traditional caring and relate that to professional nursing care. Our Assumptions are as follows : 1) Care is essential for human growth, well being and survial. 2) 7here are diverse and universal forma, expressions, patterns, and processes of human care that exist transcul - turally. 3) The behaviors and functions of caring differ according to the social structure of each culture. 4) Cultures have folk and professional care values, beliefs, and practices. To promote the quality of nursing care we must understand the folk care value, beliefs, and practices. We undertook this study to understand caring in our traditional culture. The Goals of this study were as follows : 1) To identify patterns in caring behavior, 2) To identify the structural components of caring, and 3) To understand the meaning and some principles of caring. We faised several questions in this study. Who is the care-giver? Who is the care-receipient? Was the woman the major care -giver at any time? What are the patterns in caring behavior? What art the priciples underlying the caring process? We used an interdisciplinary team approach, composed of representatives from nursing and anthropology, to contribute in -depth understanding of caring through a socicaltural perspeetive. A Field study was conducted in Ro-Bong, a small agricultural kinship village. The subjects were nine women and one man aged be or more years of age. Data were collected from january 15 to 21, 1990 through opem-ended in-depth interviews and observations. The interview focused on caring behaviors sorrounding birth, aging, death and child rearing. We analysed these data for meaning, pattern and priciples of caring. In this report we describe caring behaviors surrounding childbirth. The care-givers were primarily mothers- in -low, other women in the family older than the mother - to- be, older neighbor woman, husbands, and mothers of the mother-to- be. The care receivers were the mother-to-be the baby, and the immediate family as a component of kinship. Emerging caring behavior included praying, helping proscribing, giving moral advice(Deug - Dam), showing concern, instructing, protecting, making preparations, showing consideration, touching, trusting, encouraging, giving emotional comfort, being with, worrying about, being patient, preventing problems, showing by an example, looking after bringing up, taking care of postnatal health, streng thening the health condition, entering into another's feelings(empathizing), and sharing food, joy and sorrow The emerging caring component were affection, touching, nurtuing, teaching, praying, comforting, encouraging, sharing. empathizing, self - discipline, protecting, preparing, helping and compassion. Emerging principles of. caring were solidarity, heir- archzeal relationships, sex - role distinction. Caring during birth expresses the valve of life and reflects the valued traditional beliefs that human birth is given by god and a unique unifying family event reaching back to include the ancestors and foreward to later generations. In addition, We found positive and rational foundations for traditionl caring behaviors surrounding birth, these should not be stigmatized as inational or superstitious. The nurse appropriately adopts the rational and positive nature of traditional caring behaviors to promote the quality of nursing care.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.136-160
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• 2005

Before introducing the national long-term care insurance in 2008, the want for long term care service has to be estimated and analysed. This study estimates the demand and analyses what determines the want of long term care service. This study investigated data of 3f6 elderlies, that was collected by age stratified random sampling. The elderies resided in Onyang 4 - dong (urban area) and Dogo-myun (rural area) In the city of Asan. The researchers visited the elderlies and their care giver, and assessed their demand for the long term care service and examined physical, mental, socio-economic status by the assessment tools for Korean Long-Term Care System. $64\%$ of the those who are entitled to be served refuse the long term care service. $26.7\%$ of them wants for home care service and $7.9\%$ want facility care service. It is estimated that the want of home care service are three or four times as much as that of facility care service. The demand for long term care service is 5.155 times higher for those who live in rural area (p=0.000), 3.040 times higher for those who do not have spouse(p=0.057), and 3.356 times higher for the people who is in medicaid than medical insurance(p=0.029). However, income(p=0.782), means(p=0.614), living alone(p=0.223), number of family to live with (p=0.341) and age of the elderly(p=0.420) are not related with the demand of long term care service. The assessment tools for Korean Long-Term Care System for need evaluation of the long term care service can reflect the demand well.(p=0.024) If medical care will cover $80\%$ of total cost, the willingness to pay of the out of pocket money of the people with medical insurance is 67,400 Korean Won(66.77 US$) for the home care service and 182,500 Korean Won(180.78 US$) for the facility care service. There is possibility that long term care demand is still small after Introducing the long term care Insurance due to the care given by family members. When developing service delivery system of long term care insurance, rural area has to be given more consideration than urban area because of the higher demand. The people who do not have spouse or are in medicaid have to be given special consideration as well.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.567-579
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• 2022

본 연구의 목적은 한국과 미국의 자택 임종률 차이에 영향을 미치는 요인을 호스피스 제도 측면에서 파악하여, 사람들이 선호하는 자택임종 증가를 위한 호스피스 제도 개선 방안을 모색하는 것이다. 연구방법은 한국과 미국의 호스피스 제도를 대상으로 사례연구 접근방법 중 하나인 최대유사체계를 활용하였다. 연구결과, 양국 모두 공보험에 의해 운영되고 있었고, 서비스를 받을 수 있는 시점과 호스피스 대상 환자임을 의사 2명으로부터 확인받는 절차는 동일하였다. 반면 주요 차이점은 한국은 주로 입원형 호스피스를 이용하지만 미국은 대다수가 '일반가정형'을 이용하고 있었고, 호스피스 보조원 및 가사 도우미 서비스 등을 통해 가정 내 일상생활에 대한 돌봄도 지원하고 있었다. 또한 환자를 돌보는 가족 등을 대상으로 보호자 휴식을 위한 '단기입원형'을 운영하고 있었고, 호스피스 대상 질환에는 제한이 없었다. 따라서 사람들이 선호하는 자택임종 증가를 위한 호스피스 제도 개선 방안은 가정형 호스피스의 서비스 범위 확대 및 활성화와 더불어 가정 내 일상생활에 대한 돌봄과 보호자 휴식을 위한 서비스 제공 등이 필요하며, 호스피스 대상 질환에도 제한이 없어야 할 것이다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.853-867
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• 1996

This study was designed and undertaken to identify the degree of burden and depression in family caregivers of patients with stroke and to determine whether burden was directly related to depression. The data were collected from October 23th to November 20th, 1995. The subjects in this study were 80 caregivers, that is, one family member and 80 patients with stroke who were hospitalized in one oriental medicine hospital located in Taejon City. The questionnaires consisted of questions regarding burden(13 item, 6 point scale) and depression(20 item, 4 point scale). Data were analyzed using percentages, means, t-test, ANOVA and Peason-correlation coefficients, done with the SAS program. The results of this study are as follows : 1. The score for family caregiver's burden was higher than the mid level for the 13 items. 2. The score for of family caregiver's depression was relatively low. 3. The relationship between burden and depression showed a significant inverse correlation. 4. In the relationships between total burden and general characteristics of the family caregivers : there were no significant differences. But, in the relationship between objective burden and general characteristics of the family caregivers ; age and education had statistically significant differences. That is, the 40's group felt more objective burden than any other age group and the high education group more than the illiterate group. 5. In the relationship between depression and general characteristics of the family caregivers ; sex, education and monthly income had statistically significant differences. That is, female caregivers felt more depression than males, and the lower the level of education and the lower the monthly income, the higher the degree of depression. 6. In the relationships between burden and general charateristics of the stroke patients, only subjective burden according to the patients' sex was significantly different. That is, caregivers felt more subjective burden when caring for male patients than for female patients. 7. In the relationships between depression and general charateristics of the stroke patients, only the patients' economic status showed a statistically significant difference. That is, caregivers felt more depression in case of patients' low economic status.

• 대한한의정보학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.35-45
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• 2015

연구목적: 본 연구는 상급종합병원에 입원한 암환자의 극복력, 가족지지 및 건강증진행위의 관계를 조사하였다. 연구방법: 암환자 131명에게 극복력, 가족지지, 건강증진행위를 조사하였으며, SPSS 18.0 프로그램을 이용하여 분석하였다. 연구결과: 극복력은 일반적 특성 중 성별, 교육정도, 직업, 가족수입, 가족도움과 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있었으며, 질병관련 특성 중 재발여부와 유의한 차이가 있었다. 가족지지는 일반적 특성 중 교육정도, 직업, 돌봄제공자, 가족도움과 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있었으며, 질병관련 특성 중 질병의 경과기간, 재발여부와 유의한 차이가 있었다. 극복력과 가족지지는 서로 정적상관관계가 있었다. 결론: 암 환자의 극복력을 높이기 위해서는 암환자 가족을 포함시키는 다양한 프로그램 개발이 필요하다.

• 한국사회복지학
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• 제61권3호
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• pp.77-101
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• 2009

본 연구는 노인돌보미바우처 정책집행분석 사례연구로 일선 집행현장에서 바우처 논리인 소비자 선택과 제공자 경쟁이 실현되는지, 어떤 양상으로 실현되는지 분석하였다. 서울시 ${\bigcirc}{\bigcirc}$ 구를 조사지역으로 선정하여 4개 제공기관과 돌보미, 일선공무원, 이용자를 대상으로 일선집행과정을, 그리고 보건복지가족부, 사회서비스관리센터 등의 정책관련자들을 대상으로 정책설계와 운영을 조사하였다. 총 39명에 대한 심층인터뷰와 참여관찰이 수행되었다. 연구 결과, 노인돌보미바우처 집행 일선에서는 정책설계에서 가정한 바우처 이용자의 제공기관 선택과 제공기관의 경쟁은 실현되고 있지 않았다. 일선공무원은 공급자지원방식에서와 마찬가지의 관행으로 이용자명단을 기관에 전달하고 제공기관은 '제공기관회의'를 구성하여 이용자를 나누고 있었다. 하지만, 이용자의 선택은 다양한 차원에서 이루어지고 있었으며 제공기관과 돌보미는 서비스 제공에서 이용자 중심성을 실현하는 방식으로 변화를 보이고 있었다.

• 간호행정학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.5-14
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• 2001

To estimate total burden of hospital admission over patient of gamily, we need to know the unofficial private expenses in addition to explicit hospital admission fees. This study was conducted from June 29, 2,000 to August 10, 2,000. Subjects were 104 patient at university hospital located at chungnam province. After thorough explanation of purpose and procedures, notebooks are given to each patient or guardian. They are requested to recorded all relevant expenditures occurred during hospital stay. Incomplete records were filled-up by direct personal contact or phones. Datas were summarized and analyzed using SAS statistical package. P-value less than 0.05 was considered significant. The results of the study are as follows: 1. In 96.1% of the patient, guardians stayed at hospital to take care of patients. In 38,8% one of the family members get work-leave or temporary resting from job. Average date of leave was 7.5days. 2. Average informal cost burden per patient was 204,467 won (14,330 won${\sim}$1,594,870 won). Average hospital cost paid by the patient was 1,061,807 won. The ratio of informal cost burden to hospital cost paid by the patient was 0.327. 3. According to the regression analysis, the relevant factors affection informal cost burdens were distance from home to hospital(p=0.018), and duration of hospitalization(p=0.0001). 4. Informal cost burden was composed of expenses for personal expense of care giver (126, 720 won/patient), meal (86,924 won/patient), transportation (77,648 won/patient), necessaries of life (18,789 won/patient), tests and treatments not covered by insurance (17,289 won/patient), medical supplies not covered by insurance (15,280 won/patient), treat for visitors (14,757 won/patient), TV coin (8,247 won/patient), and others (7,582 won/patient). In addition to the hospital cost paid by the patient for hospital admission, the informal cost burdens should be recognised explicitly because it is not small. Significant proportion of informal cost burden is composed of care-giver's personal expense, transportation, meal. It is suggested that some polices are to be devised and implemented enabling that this portion of informal expenses be directed to formal professional nursing care. Thus we can improve the quality of care and decrease discomfort of patient's relatives.

• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.188-203
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• 2005

The study was performed to provide basic data for developing a coordinated health and social service model. Method: The subjects consisted of 1000 residents in Wonju city. The sampling process was randomized stratified into 26 geographical areas. The data was collected from Apr. 16nd, to May. 15nd, 2002 by using a structured questionnaire that included general characteristics, the patterns of disease, the family function and the community support systems. The collected data was analyzed by the SPSS. windows program via descriptive statistics, correlation testing and t-tests. Result: 61.7% of the elderly perceived their health status as being poor. There were correlations among age, income and the way clients perceived their health status. The prevalence rate of chronic disease was 70.8% in the elderly. The prevalence rate for arthritis was the highest (33.6%). The average number of diseases in the target populations was 2.31; it was 2.65 in the deprived elderly group and 2.47 in the elderly group. 35.4% of residents did not have any family care giver. 61.2% of the clients needed support by the health and social services. Conclusions; Coordinated health and social services need to be allocated by priority to the elderly and to the socially and economic deprived clients.

• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.141-151
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• 1997

As concerns about dementia patients increase gradually in society, the nursing of them becomes more and more important. For intervening in dementia patients effectively, the most fundamental thing is to understand their characteristics and to increase the ability of assessing them. The assessment data supply us with the foundations of Nursing diagnosis and nursing plan. The reaseons why the assessment data are especially important to dementia patients are as follows; First, dementia patients have great differences among them in intellectual, physical ability. And their condition varies from time to time. Second, the intervention without planning results in the deficiency of consistence, and it rather embarrasses and makes dementia patients uneasy. Third, nursing of dementia patients requires participation of multi-disciplinary team because of characteristics of that disease. The development of an unitary assessment tool is essential for all members of the team to have close relations between them and care for dementia patients. Fully understanding the importance of assessment data, this study investigate the content to be included in the assessment before developing assessment tools to be used in community. It points out that the assessment should include the informations about patients, their family, and main care-giver. And it sets up items that can supply with detailed information on each person. In the future it is necessary to transform the contents of this study to more concrete items and develope the assessment tools for dementia patients. And recording paper for follow up should be supplemented to check any changes in family caring for dementia patients and describe the changes in detail. To make assessment tools is one of the fundamental works in controlling dementia patients. Therefore the official assessment tools should be provided as soon as possible. This study aimed at presenting the guiding principles for developing that assessment tools.

• 부모자녀건강학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.133-143
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• 2004

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare mother's caring-confidence, between primipara perception of the newborn, and child-rearing attitude and multipara. Method: The data was collected from 159 married mothers of newborns in the post-partum care center using self-rating questionnaires from November, 2003 to March, 2004. Data was analyzed using SPSS/Win program by t-test and Pearson Correlation coefficient. Result: 1) The mean score of mother's perception of the newborn, the newborn caring-confidence, and child-rearing attitude were .26, 3.13, and 3.43. 2) The score of the newborn caring-confidence of multipara was greater significantly than the one of primapara. 3) The score of mother's perception of tile newborn and child-rearing attitude of primapara were greater than the one of multipara but there were no significant differences. 4) There was a positive correlation between mother's perception of the newborn and child-rearing attitude and significant correlation between caring-confidence and child-rearing attitude. 5) The score of mother's perception of the newborn was significantly different according to the level of education type of family and delivery planned. 6) The score of caring-confidence was significantly different according to the helper, the history of delivery. 7) The score of child-rearing attitude was significantly difference according to the level of education and the birth weight of newborn. Conclusion: When the newborn care giver in the postpartum care setting is teaching the method of infant care to mother, there should be in consideration of the rearing experience of mothers. Mother's perception of the newborn, caring-confidence, and child-rearing attitude should be considered to develop the effective education program for mothers who have newborn. And its educational contents must be focused on the promotion of trust between infant and mother.