• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.71-83
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• 1989

This is a basic study designed to discover the most comfortable thermal environment for Korean residences. The purpose of the research is to observe and measure the summer thermal environment in Korean urban detached single family houses and apartments by utilising proposed evaluation standards and methods. The technique used involves the measurement of environmental elements, such as indoor temperature, relative humidity and radiant temperature both in detached single family houses and apartments. Also, in order to understand the resident's thermal comfort response. ASHRAE' thermal sensation 9th level, indoor temperature 5th level, and thermal discomfort 4th level in the psycho-physical voting scale (1972) was used. In conclusion, among Korean urban residences, detached single family houses provided a more stable thermal environment than apartments, as shown by physical psychological evaluations. The possible reason for such stability in detached single family houses may be the usage of reinforced concrete structures which maintain consistent temperatures.

• Industrial Engineering and Management Systems
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2010

Increasing product variety based on product family and product platform provides a company with a competitive advantage over its competitors. As products become more complex, short-life cycled and customized, the design efforts require more knowledge-intensive, collaborative and coordinating efforts for information sharing. By sharing knowledge, information, component and process across different families of products, the product realization process will be more efficient, cost-effective and quick-responsive. Formal Concept Analysis (FCA) is used for analyzing data and forming semantic structures that are formal abstractions of concepts of human thoughts. A Web Ontology Language (OWL) is designed for applications that need to process the content of information instead of simply presenting information to humans. OWL also captures the evolution of different components of the product family. The purpose of this paper is to develop product variety modeling to increase the usefulness of common platform. In constructing and analyzing product ontology, FCA is adopted for conceptual knowledge processing. For the selected product family, product variety Ontology is constructed and implemented using prot$\'{e}$g$\'{e}$-2000.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.386-393
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• 2000

Recent research on the fatty acyl chains in the membrane lipids in Sarcina ventriculi has shown that unusually long chain bifunctional fatty acyl components are the major components of the total lipid. However, these studies did not yield any information on the complete structures of the lipid species containing these fatty acids. In this study, the structures of a new family of glucolipids containing bifunctional acyl chains are described. These structures were determined using NMR(Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) Spectroscopy, GC (Gas Chromatography)/MS (Mass Spectrometry), FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared) spectroscopy, and FAB (Fast Atom Bombardment) mass spectrometric studies. One of the major bifunctional acyl components of the $\alpha$-glucolipids was an $\omega$-formylmethyl ester indicating the presence of plasmalogen. The general structure of the lipid components was one in which the two head groups were separated by a membrane-spanning acyl species. One head group component is a glycerol moiety of each head group, and the other is a glyceryl clucoside. Two regular chain fatty acids, one on the glycerol moiety of each head group, are also present and meet in the middle of the membrane, roughly equidistant from each head group.

• International Journal of Quality Innovation
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.213-219
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• 2003

This paper proposes an efficient and effective BOM management scheme for small and medium manufacturing (SME) companies that produce automobile parts. Automobile part's manufacturers produce very various products due to various automobile characteristics such as types, colors, and options of cars. These products are classified into product groups with common parts and like this product groups with commonality are regarded as product family. This paper proposes a BOM data model for product family structures and implements the practical EXCEL-based BOM management system for real small and medium manufacturing (SU) companies that produces automobile parts.

• Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.55 no.4
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• pp.963-974
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• 2018

We discuss two kinds of almost contact metric structures on a one-parameter family of totally umbilical hyperspheres in the nearly $K{\ddot{a}}hler$ unit 6-sphere $S^6$.

• 한국HCI학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2009.02a
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• pp.1030-1037
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• 2009

One brand is taking various forms as it is made applicable to different platforms. As a result users are presented with different interfaces, navigations, and menu structures and therefore are given the burden of relearning. So, in order to minimize such inconveniences and provide consistency of use within multi-platform environments a guide that will increase the service environment predictability is necessary. This paper defines Family UI as to refer to the element of user interface that gives consistency within various platforms belonging to one company band. To propose implications of Family UI, this paper will analyze case studies in which the consistency policies have been applied.

• Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.859-870
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• 2008

In the present paper, we investigate the geometric structures of the Dirichlet manifold composed of the Dirichlet distribution. We show that the Dirichlet distribution is an exponential family distribution. We consider its dual structures and give its geometric metrics, and obtain the geometric structures of the lower dimension cases of the Dirichlet manifold. In particularly, the Beta distribution is a 2-dimensional Dirich-let distribution. Also, we construct an affine immersion of the Dirichlet manifold. At last, we give the e-flat hierarchical structures and the orthogonal foliations of the Dirichlet manifold. All these work will enrich the theoretical work of the Dirichlet distribution and will be great help for its further applications.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Structure & Construction
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.167-174
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• 2019

Cable-stayed structures provide a lot of possibilities toward the development of innovative structural forms regarding their expressiveness and uniqueness. Such cable-stayed structures, as form-active structures, can obtain a family of alternatives by changing parameters for defining geometric shapes. The concept of graphic statics is utilized to explain the relationship between the load path and structural forms because the load path of cable structures has something to do with their structural geometry. Moreover, this structural geometry has a dominant effect on both structural efficiency and structural elegancy. The proposed design method in this study will help designers conceive innovative structural forms considering structural safety, material efficiency, and structural art altogether.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.105-111
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• 2015

The beta2-adrenergic receptor (${\beta}2AR$) belongs to the G protein coupled receptor (GPCR) family, which is the largest family of cell surface receptors in humans. Extra attention has been focused on the human GPCRs because they have been studied as important protein targets for pharmaceutical drug development. In fact, approximately 40% of marketed drugs directly work on GPCRs. GPCRs respond to various extracellular stimuli, such as sensory signals, neurotransmitters, chemokines, and hormones, to induce structural changes at the cytoplasmic surface, activating downstream signaling pathways, primarily through interactions with heterotrimeric G proteins or through G-protein independent pathways, such as arrestin. Most GPCRs, except for rhodhopsin, which contains covalently linked 11 cis-retinal, bind to diffusible ligands, having various conformational states between inactive and active structures. The first human GPCR structure was determined using an inverse agonist bound ${\beta}2AR$ in 2007 and since then, more than 20 distinct GPCR structures have been solved. However, most GPCR structures were solved as inactive forms, and an agonist bound fully active structure is still hard to obtain. In a structural point of view, ${\beta}2AR$ is relatively well studied since its fully active structure as a complex with G protein as well as several inactive structures are available. The structural comparison of inactive and active states gives an important clue in understanding the activation mechanism of ${\beta}2AR$. In this review, structural features of inactive and active states of ${\beta}2AR$, the interaction of ${\beta}2AR$ with heterotrimeric G protein, and the comparison with ${\beta}1AR$ will be discussed.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.62 no.2
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• pp.57-85
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• 2010

Using the Survey of Wisconsin Works Families, the survey of the Child Support Demonstration Evaluation (CSDE) project in Wisconsin, this study examines whether the family structures of nonresident fathers and resident mothers are associated with nonresident fathers' economic contributions, measured by the level of informal support provided to their children living in the mothers' households. Findings show that the level of informal support is associated with not only individual and economic characteristics of nonresident fathers and resident mothers, but also family structures and institutional factors such as child support arrangements and the CSDE experiment. Both mothers' repartnering with another man and fathers' repartnering with another woman are negatively associated with the level of informal support. Fathers who lived together with mothers when their children were born provide more informal support than do fathers who did not. Fathers' multiple partner fertility is not associated with the level of informal support provided. Among fathers who have children with multiple partners, fathers provide more informal support to their children born by their first partner. Fathers who have multiple children with the mother of the focal child provide more informal support. Fathers who have other biological children living elsewhere provide less informal support. Fathers who pay higher levels of formal child support also provide higher levels of informal support. Fathers associated mothers assigned to the CSDE experiment group provide more informal support. The findings suggest that child support programs may increase informal support, thereby improving the well-being of resident mothers and their children living in poverty.