• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.407-414
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• 1999

Distribution of biota and removal efficiency of organic matter in natural wetland systems were examined from June to October 1998. The aquatic macrophyte communities were consisted of 13 families and 22 species. The composition of occurrence species were as follows: Phragmites communis Trinius are 35%, Persicaria thunbergii Nakai are 19%, Typha angustifolia L. are 17%, Bidens tripartita L. are 16%, Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv. are 12% and others are l％. The fauna collected from 5 sites consisted of total 6 classes of macroinvertebrates. The composition of occurrence classes were as follows: Insecta are 76%, O1igochaeta are 19%, Gastrapoda are 4％ and others are 1%. These included 18 families, 7 orders of Insects. The larve and mosquito and midges were found in wetlands. Preventive strategies are needed for the suppression of mosquito at the stage of wetland planning and design. In wetland, removal efficiency of dissolved organic carbon is low because of primary production and the background level of DOC in the wetland discharge seems to be 5 mgC/1, but those of BOD was ca. 50%. Wetlands receiving water of low concentration can not work as purification field.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.341-351
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• 2019

Gynura procumbens (Family Asteraceae) is a medicinal plant commonly found in tropical Asia countries such as China, Thailand, Indonesia, Malaysia, and Vietnam. Traditionally, it is widely used in many different countries for the treatment of a wide variety of health ailments such as kidney discomfort, rheumatism, diabetes mellitus, constipation, and hypertension. The objective of this study was to select the natural growth media for hydroponic cultivation of Gynura procumbens. The commercially available thirty four different organic nutrient solutions were analyzed for growing Gynura procumbens. After analysis, two organic nutrient solution were selected, mixed (pH 5.5~6.5 / EC 0.5~1.0 ds/m) and then used as organic fertilizers. Thirty day old seedlings were planted and the environmental conditions of the rhizosphere were also examined to select the natural media composition. The minimum temperature of rhizosphere by type of natural media was highest in cocopeat media and lowest in perlite media. Furthermore, plant growth was examined from 50 days old seedlings, and vermiculite was observed to be most effective and perlite was the least effective component as natural media. The total polyphenol content of the studied plant material was also higher in vermiculite in comparison to other growth media. The Gynura procumbens yields were also higher in vermiculite in comparison to other growth media. Thus, vermiculite can be used to improve Gynura procumbens plant growth as a natural growth media.

• Journal of Christian Education in Korea
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• v.61
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• pp.9-35
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• 2020

In the second half of the previous century the composition of the teacher population - and the composition of the pupil and parent population - in the Netherlands gives rise to the name change 'age of secularisation' to 'age of pluralisation'. In previous centuries the (religious or secular) worldview identity of the parents and the educational philosophy of the school were attuned to each other, and merged into a mono-cultural perspective on the identity development of pupils. The basis for both - the upbringing by the parents and the socialisation in the family on the one hand, and the teachers' efforts to enculturate the students at the school on the other - was a similar life orientation. The school choice of the parents was predetermined by their commitment to a particular (religious) worldview, very often inspired by Christianity. The religious identity of their children developed in a clear-cut context. However, in contemporary society plurality dominates, at home and at the school, both in case of the parents and the teachers. A direct relationship with a community of like-minded believers is no longer decisive for parents with varying cultural and religious backgrounds. Instead, a good feeling upon entering the schoolyard or the school building is a convincing argument in the process of school choice. The professional identity development of teachers and the religious identity development of children takes place in a plural context. Our question is: what does this mean for the normative professionalism of the teacher? To answer this research question we make use of the resources of the Dialogical Self Theory (DST) with its core concepts of 'voice' and 'positioning'. After presenting the Dutch dual education system (with public and denominational schools) we provide a lively description of a Dutch classroom situation occurring in a public school, as viewed from the perspective of the teacher. The focus in this description is on performative dialogue as a 'disruptive moment' and on its potential for the hyphenated religious identity development of teachers, which makes up a part of their normative professionalism.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.132-140
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• 2006

Forest vegetation classification and species composition of Mt. Ilwol, Yeongyang-Gun, Korea, were studied combining the Braun-Blanquet approach with numerical syntaxonomical analyses (TWINSPAN). Vegetation types and various ecological characteristics such as flora, constancy classes, species ratio of life-form, species diversity and importance value were analyzed. Sixty-eight samples were taken from a $100m^2$ square plot each. Forest communities were identified as two great types: arid landform of mountainside (AM) and humid fertility of piedmont and valley (HP). The former was divided into 3 communities (Rhododendron mucronulatum, Quercus variabilis, Hosta capitat community) and 2groups, and the latter into 3 communities (Tilia amurensis, Vitis coignetiae, Philadelphus schrenckii community) and 2 groups. Vegetation was classified into 8 units. Floristically, the most represented family was Compositae with 26 species. Species with percentage constance degree of more than 61% was Quercus mongolica (72.1%, IV); Carex siderosticat (III) and Fraxinus rhynchophylla (III) were 50.0 and 41.1%, respectively. Life-forms species ratios for trees, subtrees, shrub, vines, grominoids, forbs and ferns were 18.5, 5.7, 14.9, 6.6, 8.8, 42.4 and 3.1%, respectively, PH type showed from $1.70{\pm}0.50\;to\;1.97{\pm}0.57$ and AM type was from $1.40{\pm}0.18\;to\;1.62{\pm}0.20$ in species diversity; therefore, the former type showed higher species diversity than the latter, According to importance value analysis, Pinus densiflora, Quercus mongolica and Q. variabilis were higher in the tree layer, Q. mongolica in the subtree layer, Fraxinus sieboldiana, R. schlippenbachii, etc. in the shrub layer and Carex siderosticta, Carex humilis, etc. in the herb layer.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.19 no.11
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• pp.1672-1678
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• 2009

The purified antifungal substances produced by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens IUB158-03 was positive to ninhydrin but negative to aniline, suggesting that the antifungal substance could be a peptide. FAB-MS, UV adsorption spectrum, and amino acid composition analysis revealed that the molecular weight of the antifungal substance was 1042 and that maximal adsorption was at 220 nm and 277 nm. The antifungal substance was composed of $Asn_3$, $Gln_2$, $Ser_1$, $Gly_1$, and $Tyr_1$. The composition and structural characteristics of antifungal substance were analysed by $^1H$-NMR spectrum, $^1H$-COSY, HMQC, which revealed that the compound belongs to the iturin A family. Temperature and pH had little effect on the stability of the antifungal substance in the ranges of $-70{\sim}121^{\circ}C$ and pH 6.0~10.0, respectively. It showed strong antibiotic activity against fungi. An in vitro cytotoxicity test using NIH3T3 cell showed that the antifungal substance does not have cytotoxicity. The number of circulating leukocytes and the hematobiological analysis of the mice administered with the antifungal substances was similar to those of the control group, indicating no cytotoxicity in vivo. Therefore, the antifungal substances extracted from culture broth of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens IUB158-03 have future potential as biocontrol agents against plant diseases caused by fungi.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.48-60
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• 1997

The species composition and seasonal variations of fish community in the Zostera marina belt at the coastal water off Hamduck, northern part of Cheju Island, were analyzed based on day and night samples collected by a small beam trawl from May 1993 to May 1994. The dominant species among the 58 fish species in 35 family were tubesnout, Aulichthys japonicus, gobie, Pterogobius zonoleucus, filefish, Rudarius ercodes, pipefish, Syngnathus schlegeli and sea catfish, Plotosus lineatus. These species comprised 86.1% in the number of individuals and 62% in biomass. The number of individuals and biomass were high between October and December, and low between January and April. About 90% of fishes were noncommercial and small-sized fishes, less than 14cm in total length. The larvae and juvenile fishes were collected in the study area throughout the year. The recruitments of dominant species were related to the seasonal variations of Z. marina utilized as a shelter or feeding ground. A japonicus, P. zonoleucus, Zoarchias glaber and Hexagrammos agrammus recruited between January and June, and R. ercodes, S. schlegeli, P. lineatus and Petroscirtes breviceps between July and December.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.284-292
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• 2015

Monthly variation of species composition and abundance of fish eggs were examined to know the spawning time and location of the fishes inhabiting the coastal region of Jejudo Island. Samplings had been performed at the four locations (Jeju port, Seongsanpo, Seogwipo port and Chagwido) with a bongo net which was towed monthly at the sea surface from August 2006 to July 2007. The fish eggs were identified based on phylogenetic analyses with the DNA sequences generated through PCR-amplification and sequencing of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene. Among a total of 43 taxa classified during the study period, 34 were identified to species, 4 to families, and the remaining 5 were unidentified. Of them, 23 taxa were occurred at Jeju port, 21 at Seongsanpo, 19 at Seogwipo port and 18 at Chagwido, whereas 15 taxa were found in September 2006, 12 in June 2007, 6 to 8 in August 2006 and January~May 2007, 5 in each October and November 2006, 3 in each December 2006 and July 2007. Among 34 species of fish eggs, Engraulis japonicus and Callanthias japonicus most frequently appeared at 16 times out of 48 observations in total. When those eggs were collected, the surface seawater temperature ranged $14.0{\sim}28.6^{\circ}C$ for E. japonicus and $14.9{\sim}20.5^{\circ}C$ for C. japonicus. The success rates of PCR-amplification and species identification in this study were 68.3% and 79.1%, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.468-480
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• 2007

The urbanization is altering the hydrology, water quality, channel form of waterway and changing the composition of biological communities in the aquatic ecosystem. Recently, towns grew bigger by the drift of large numbers of people and the medium and small leather and dyeing industries around the Pocheon and Youngpyeong streams. The discharges of sewage were increased by them. The UII (urban intensity index) was 85 (st. P-3) and 91 (st. P-6) in the Pocheon stream and about 20 in the Youngpyeong stream. A total 141 taxa of epilithic diatoms which were composed of 2 order, 8 family, 30 genera. Dominant species were Navicula saprophila, N. subminuscula, Nitzschia palea, Gomphonema pseudoaugur in the Pocheon stream and Achnanthes alteragracillima, A. convergens, A. minutissima, N. minima, N. fonticola, N. frustulum and Cymbella minuta var. silesiaca in the Youngpyeong stream. It Showed the different composition of dominant species by the urbanization near two streams. In the relationships between UII and environmental factors such as EC, BOD, COD, TN, TP and DAIpo, UII showed the high relations $(r^2>0.8)$. It was the difference of organic pollution according to urbanization. It therefore, was higher the relative abundance and more the numbers of saprophilous taxa in the Pocheon stream than the Youngpyeong stream. The water quality of two streams by biological indicators(DAIpo) was polysaprobic state(st. P-3, P-4, P-5) in the Pocheon stream and was oligosaprobic (Y-1), mesosaprobic (Y-2, 3) and polysaprobic state (Y-4) in the Youngpyeong stream during the investigation periods.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.49-57
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• 2022

This study was conducted with the aim of investigating the garden architectural characteristics of Villa d'Este, which occupies a major role in the exploration of the contrasting background, location, and spatial composition characteristics of Italian Renaissance gardens. The survey for the study was divided into a literature survey and a field survey, and the details are as follows. First, in the mid-to-late 16th century, the villa was built under the direction of Cardinal Ippolito d'Este, and afterwards, the ownership of the villa was restored to the Italian government in 1850 due to financial difficulties. The Villa d'Este, which suffered another damage, is now operated with many visitors after going through the restoration process. Second, in the case of location, it has the characteristics of Urbana located in the city center and has valley-type topographical conditions located at the foot of the mountain.Third, in the case of spatial composition, it is orthogonal to the axis, and each part of the garden is developed, influenced by the contrast principles such as the installation of the Cortile del Belvedere and Villa Madama in the early 16th century. The main building is located in the hills so that you can see the garden and the surrounding scenery at a glance. Fourth, among the components, there were stairs, logia, courtyard, and grotto, fountains, cascades, ponds, and vegetation such as laurels, thorn trees.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.55 no.5
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• pp.447-463
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• 2022

The lime and clay that used in the construction of the Tomb of King Muryeong and the Royal Tombs in Gongju are auxiliary materials, and are used joint and plaster materials for the wall to play a role of structural support. In this study, the homogeneity between the tombs and material characteristics were interpreted through quantitative analysis of lime and clay. As a result of microtexture and composition analysis, almost the same minerals were identified in each sample groups, and similar characteristics were shown in thermal analysis. Geochemically, it is confirmed that the behavior characteristics are very similar regardless of the tombs. The compositions is also confirmed high homogeneity in the diagrams of CaO-MgO-SiO₂, RO₂-(RO+R₂O) correlations, A-CN-K and A-CNK-FM triangles. Therefore, it is interpreted that the clay used for the construction of the tomb complex was supplied from around area, and the raw materials of lime were produced using shell fragments of oyster family based on mainly composed of calcite. It is interpreted that the raw materials of lime were supplied from middens along the west coast of down the Geumgang river in Korean peninsula, but the consideration of the supply site, needs to be cross-validated through stable isotope analysis, use of carbonate rock and reproduction experiments.