• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.69-76
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• 2006

Fallow paddy areas have been increased due to the import of cheap agricultural product, and the unbalance between farming cost and rice price since 1990. The increasing fallow paddy area needs to be protected from the devastation by weed breeding for the re-cultivation. In this study, two fallow paddy fields managed with different water depth were selected for monitoring and analysing of water quality, water balance and plant body change. The managed fallow paddy fields were more effective in water quality purification and plants growth control than non-managed fallow paddy fields. And the fallow paddy field managed with some degree of water depth was the most effective field in terms of weed control.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.211-214
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• 1998

Changes in physico-chemical properties and major nutrient contents were investigated in the soil of paddy fields during fallow period. Weed vegetation change in the fallow paddy fields was also examined. As the fallow period became longer, organic matter content in the paddy soil has gradually increased. Soil pH of the paddy fields has not changed until three years of fallow period and thereafter slightly increased. Cation exchange capacity of the paddy soil, and exchangeable N, K, Ca and Mg contents in the soil tended to decrease until three years of fallow period and then increase with the prolonged fallow period. As the fallow period became longer, available $P_2O_5$ content in the paddy soil has continuously decreased. Available $SiO_2$ content in the paddy soil has not changed until three years of fallow period and thereafter increased. The vegetation in the fallow paddy fields have mostly been occupied by the weeds of the Gramineae, Cyperaceae, and Compositae. As the fallow period became longer, the weeds of the Polygonaceae and Juncaceae have increased, whereas the weeds of the Leguminosae, Commelinaceae, Pontederiaceae, and Onagraceae have gradually disappeared. However, the weeds of the Gramineae and Cyperaceae have always been dominant in the paddy fields during the fallow paddy period.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.33-39
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• 2009

A number of fallow paddies field continues to increase because of adverse agricultural circumstance such as upsurge income of foreign products, increase of labor costs in local community, imbalance between productivity and profitability etc. Such fallow paddies are necessary to be protected against weeds and trees. If fallow paddies are not managed, it will be devastated and needed cost for re-cultivation. Therefore, management of gradually increased fallow paddy fields should be conducted. In this study, the effect of plants growth inhibition and water quality purification through the control of flood in fallow paddy were examined in an experimental field. The managed and unmanaged fallow paddies through the control of water depth were constructed in the experimental field. The monitoring was conducted from 2005 to 2007. As the result, the managed fallow paddies were more effective than the unmanaged ones on the growth inhibition and water purification. In addition, when the fallow paddy is managed with regular water depth, it was the most effective in the plants growth inhibition.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.285-294
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• 2009

A study was conducted to find out plant flora, the occurrence of insect pests and natural enemies in the fallow paddy fields of Jeonnam and Jeonbuk provinces from 2004 to 2005. They were identified as 124 plant species in 32 families, 58 insect pest species in 30 families and 11 natural enemy species in 9 families. Plant species belonging to Poaceae and Asteraceae were founded as 28 and 18 species, respectively, and dominated significantly among plants growing in the fallow paddy fields. In insect pests, Conocephalus chinensis, Nysius plebejus, Cletus punctiger, Eysarcoris aeneus, Nephotettix cincticeps, Laodelphax striatellus and Tipula sp. occurred significantly in the fallow paddy fields. Among them, occurrences of N. cincticeps and L. striatellus were low from May to June, and that of L. striatellus was high in August and September. In insect natural enemies, Coenagrion sp., Harmonia axyridis, Propylea japonica and Eristalis tenax occurred significantly in the fallow paddy fields.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.139-144
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• 2019

BACKGROUND: Epigeic arthropods participate in ecological functions as predators, decomposers and herbivores. The purpose of this study was to investigate the responses of some dominant arthropods in rice fields to different forms of agricultural land management. METHODS AND RESULTS: The abundance of microarthropods was compared between rice fields and uplands in the non-growing season. Collembola, Oribatida and Mesostigmata were more abundant in the upland fields than in the paddy fields. The community composition and diversity of epigeic arthropods were compared between fallow and rice fields. The total abundance and species richness of spiders and ground beetles were not significantly different in the two types of agricultural fields. The abundance of Arctosa kwangreungensis was greater in fallow fields than in cultivated fields. The community structure of arthropods was compared between paddy fields with and without barley. The cropping system altered the community composition of spiders but not their biodiversity. Barley cultivation increased the abundance of ground beetles but decreased that of spiders. We suggest that this contrast was partly due to the availability of plants that provided shelter and food for ground beetles. CONCLUSION: These results show that soil use intensity and cropping system alter the community composition of epigeic spiders and ground beetles. This could result in ecosystem-level alterations with respect to the control of pests and weeds. Our results also suggest that biodiversity of ground-dwelling arthropods may not increase during short fallow periods.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.23 no.4 s.61
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• pp.237-241
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• 1984

The trichogrammatidae ego parasite of the green rice leafhopper (GRLH), paracentrobia andoi, were investigated to know their parasitic activities after overwintering in the paddy banks and fallow fields, their seasonal variation and per cent parasitism in the paddy fields of Gyeongnam provincial O.R.D. at Jinju from 1982 to 1984. The parasitic activities of Paracentrobia andoi after overwintering in the Paddy banks in early Masch were high and tended to decrease remarkably since early April by moving to the fallow fields. The parasitic rate of paracentrobia andoi on GRLH was $21\%$ between late April and early May. the peak of egg laying period of GRLH. The per cent parasitism of the wasps in fallow fields was an average of $0\%$ in Gyeochang and Namji and $9.6-29.2\%$ in Namhae, Kimhae and Jinju. The parasitic activites of Paracentrobia andoi had three peakrs in paddy field, however, the highest peak was ovserved between mid- August and early October. The per cent egg parasitism of Paracentrobia andoi was an average of $16.5\%$ on second generation of Nepotettix cinctireps and $36.7\%$ on third generation of the leafhopper.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.98-110
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• 1994

The fauna of spider species inhabited near paddy fields have been investigated in Chinju and Namhae areas. The spiders collected near the paddy fields in Chinju and Namhae areas were 34 species of 31 genera belonging to 10 families: 34 species on paddy levees; 16 species on barley fields; 17 species on fallow fields; and 18 species on paddy fields. The species diversity was the highest on paddy levee. The dominant species collected from each habitat near the paddy fields were Pardosa astrigera on the paddy levees and barley fields, Pirata subpiraticus on the fallow field, and Pachygnatha clercki on the paddy fields. The spiders inhabited near rice fields can be classified into nine groups based on the ecological and taxonomical characteristics: 1. Pirata spp. 2. Pachygnatha clercki 3. Teridiidae, Erigonidae, Linypidae 4. Tetragnatha spp. 5. Dolomedes surfureus 6. Pardosa spp. 7. Salticidae 8. Thomisidae 9. Clubionidae Among the nine spider groups, the spiders belong to the group 1-5 prefered wet ground or paddy to dry ground, in contrast to the group 6-9 which prefered to live on dry land. The difference of the habitat preference indicated that the former five groups do the important roll as pest predators in paddy, while the latter four group mainly suppress the overwintering pest populations on paddy levees.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.30 no.8
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• pp.659-671
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• 2021

The physicochemical properties of soil and the yield and quality of rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. Sailmi) were assessed using Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam. cv. Kowinearly)-rice double cropping systems in the paddy fields at Goseong and Miryang in southern Korea. The average temperatures during the ripening period were approximately 1 ℃ higher than the optimal temperature for rice ripening and the sunshine duration was reduced by frequent rainfall. Consequently, it was slightly below the optimal conditions required for rice ripening. In the soil at Goseong, winter Italian ryegrass cropping increased the pH, electrical conductivity, and the contents of organic matter, total nitrogen (T-N), available P₂O₅, K, Ca, and Mg than winter fallowing. Particularly, the contents of T-N and available P₂O₅increased significantly. In the soil at Miryang, Italian ryegrass slightly increased the electrical conductivity and the T-N, Mg, and Na contents. Therefore, winter Italian ryegrass cropping improved the physicochemical properties of paddy soils; however, Italian ryegrass-rice double cropping slightly reduced the culm length at both Goseong and Miryang, without markedly changing the panicle length or number compared to fallow-rice cropping. Furthermore, at Goseong, Italian ryegrass-rice double cropping slightly decreased the spikelet number and milled rice yield, and increased the ripened grain rate; however, at Miryang, contrasting results were observed. In addition, fallow-rice cropping revealed no differences in the head rice or opaque rice rates. The protein content was slightly increased in Italian ryegrass-rice double cropping, without significant changes in the amylose content or Toyo value, compared to that in fallow-rice cropping. The peak and breakdown viscosities were slightly decreased. These results indicate that winter Italian ryegrass cropping might alter rice taste but may not exhibit remarkable negative effects on rice cultivation. Therefore, Italian ryegrass-rice double cropping system is recommended for paddy fields in southern Korea. Nevertheless, to increase the rice yield and quality, fertilization standards for rice cropping that consider the changes in the T-N and organic matter contents in paddy fields caused by winter Italian ryegrass cropping need to be established.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2005.08a
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• pp.138-139
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• 2005

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.19-26
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• 2013

This study was carried out to provide preliminary data for increasing biodiversity in agricultural ecosystem and investigate availability of using Tubificidae spp. for environment-friendly agriculture through the survey of growth of Tubificidae spp. in flooded paddy fields during winter. We estimated the number of Tubificidae spp. in rice paddy where had been flooded during the previous winter in Ganghwa-gun, Suwon-si, and Hwaseong-si (Bongdam-eup and Paltan-myeon) between March and April from 2010 to 2012. During growing period of rice, the number of Tubificidae spp. was compared between flooded and non-flooded paddy field in Ganghwa-gun. As results, mean density of Tubificidae spp. in winter flooded paddy field was 7,235.5 $ind./m^2$ in Ganghwa-gun, 14,347.5 $ind./m^2$ in Suwon-si, 59,989.9 $ind./m^2$ in Bongdam-eup, and 2,610.6 $ind./m^2$ in Paltan-myeon. Mean density of Tubificidae spp. was the highest in flooded paddy fields of Bongdam-eup that was kept wet until rice harvest time and had shallow water. While mean density was the lowest in Paltan-myeon where had deep water and later flooded paddy field than others. In Ganghwa-gun, during growing period of rice, mean density of Tubificidae spp. in flooded paddy fields (171,109.0 $ind./m^2$) and flooded fallow paddy fields (321,084.2 $ind./m^2$) was much higher than non-flooded paddy fields (1,006.6 $ind./m^2$). Flooded paddy field during winter can help increase the number of Tubificidae spp. which can control weeds and enhance biodiversity in paddy fields for environment-friendly agriculture. Early flooding and shallow water of paddy fields could be a good agriculture practice to encourage the growth of Tubificidae spp..