• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.59-68
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• 2017

PURPOSES : The objective of this study is to evaluate the potential risk level of road cave-ins due to subsurface cavities based on the deflection basin measured with falling weight deflectometer (FWD) tests. METHODS: Ground penetrating radar (GPR) tests were conducted to detect road cavities. Then FWD tests were conducted on 13 pavement test sections with and without a cavity. FWD deflections and a deflection ratio was used to evaluate the effect of geometry of the cavity and pavement for road cave-in potentials. RESULTS : FWD deflection of cavity sections measured at 60 cm or a closer offset distance to a loading center were 50% greater than more robust sections. The average deflection ratio of the cavity sections to robust sections were 1.78 for high risk level cavities, 1.51 for medium risk level cavities, and 1.16 for low risk level cavities. The relative remaining service life of pavement with a cavity evaluated with an surface curvature index (SCI) was 8.1% for the high level, 21.8% for the medium level, and 89.8% compared to pavement without a cavity. CONCLUSIONS : FWD tests can be applied to detect a subsurface cavity by comparing FWD deflections with and without a cavity measured at 60 cm or a closer offset distance to loading center. In addition, the relative remaining service life of cavity sections based on the SCI can used to evaluate road cave-in potentials.

• 한국노년학
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.1577-1589
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• 2009

본 연구는 재가노인을 대상으로 낙상공포 여부에 따른 건강상태, 신체기능상태 및 가정환경의 위험을 비교하고, 낙상공포에 영향 미치는 요인을 규명하는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 대상자는 A시 D구 노인보건센터에 방문보건사업 대상자로 등록된 65세 이상 노인으로 선정하였다. 2006년 1월부터 2007년 12월까지 사전에 교육받은 방문간호사가 직접 가정방문하여, 가노인기능상태평가도구(Resident Assessment Instrument, RAI)를 이용해 자료를 수집하였다. 연구에 참여한 973명의 평균 연령은 76.8(±7.6)세였고, 여성이 74.8%였으며, 낙상공포를 가진 대상자는 20.7%였다. 낙상공포 여부에 따른 건강상태 비교에서 요실금, 통증, 이환질병 수, 지난 3일간 우울/불안/슬픔의 징후에 있어서 유의한 차이를 보였다. 신체기능 상태는 낙상공포가 있는 집단에서 일상 생활수행능력 의존도가 유의하게 높았고, 시력 문제가 많았으며, 불안정한 걸음걸이를 보이는 대상자가 현저히 많았다. 가정환경위험은 화장실, 방 출입 및 집 밖 출입 시 낙상공포가 없는 집단에 비해 유의하게 더 어려움이 많았다. 연령이 많을수록, 일상생활 의존도가 높을수록, 이환질병 수가 증가할수록, 걸음걸이가 불안정하거나 낙상경험이 있는 경우에 낙상공포가 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 반면, 통증, 우울/불안/슬픔의 징후, 복용하는 약은 낙상공포와 유의하지 않았다. 이 연구는 지역사회의 노인을 사정할 때 낙상공포에 관련된 주요 요인인 연령, 일상생활수행능력, 현재 앓고 있는 질환 및 걸음걸이 사정이 매우 중요하다는 것을 재확인시켜 준다. 또한, 재가노인의 낙상예방 전략 수립을 위한 기초 자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이며, 불안정한 걸음걸이의 원인을 파악하고 이에 대한 중재방법을 모색하는 지속적인 연구의 필요성을 제시한다. 이 연구를 토대로 건강 상태와 신체기능을 향상시키려는 포괄적인 간호중재를 통해 낙상공포를 감소시키고 낙상 발생률을 낮추면, 궁극적으로 노인의 삶의 질이 향상될 것이다.

• 성인간호학회지
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.533-542
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to understand the risk of falling associated with postmenopausal women and to identify the relationships between this risk and factors such as lifestyle, metabolic syndrome, and bone mineral density. Methods: The sample was 128 postmenopausal women between 50 and 65 from one menopausal clinic in an urban city. The Risk Assessment for Falls Scale II, developed by Glydenvand and Reinboth (1982) and adapted by Park Young-Hye (2003), was modified and used for this study. Results: The average fall-risk score in postmenopausal women was 7.2 out of 33, the fall-risk score associated with lifestyle was higher in women exposed to stress frequently or who favored spicy or salty foods. The fall-risk score associated with metabolic syndrome was higher in groups with HBP or with a waist circumference of 80cm or greater. The fall-risk score in groups with three or more factors of metabolic syndrome was the highest. Conclusion: The risk of fall in post-menopausal women was higher in groups with only elementary education, unemployed, reported two or more chronic diseases or reported frequent exposure to stress and for women who preferred spicy or salty foods or exhibited three or more factors of metabolic syndrome.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.497-502
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• 2015

One of the goals in the field of mobile robotics is the development of personal service robots for the elderly which behave in populated environments. In this paper, we describe a security robot system and ongoing research results that minimize the risk of the elderly and the infirm to access an area to enter restricted areas with high potential for falls, such as stairs, steps, and wet floors. The proposed robot system surveys a potential falling area with an equipped laser scanner sensor. When it detects walking in elderly or infirm patients who in restricted areas, the robot calculates the velocity vector, plans its own path to forestall the patient in order to prevent them from heading to the restricted area and starts to move along the estimated trajectory. The walking human is assumed to be a point-object and projected onto a scanning plane to form a geometrical constraint equation that provides position data of the human based on the kinematics of the mobile robot. While moving, the robot continues these processes in order to adapt to the changing situation. After arriving at an opposite position to the human's walking direction, the robot advises them to change course. The simulation and experimental results of estimating and tracking of the human in the wrong direction with the mobile robot are presented.

• 성인간호학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.432-440
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• 2003

Purpose: The purposes of this study were to examine 1) functional status at 2 months after hip fracture surgery 2) health care utilization after a fall episode and 3) fear of falling experienced during first 2 months after a fall episode. Method: With a convenient sample of 99 elderly from six university or general hospitals with hip fracture from a fall, data were collected at 2-3 days before discharge and at 2 months after hip fracture surgery. Result: 1) At 2 months after hip fracture from a fall, significant proportion (25.3%) of elderly was not able to walk indoors. 2) Average length of hospital stay was 27.6 days with a range of 8 to 86 days. About 51% subjects received physical therapy during hospital stay, and only 6.1% subjects received physical therapy following discharge from the hospital. 3) Significant proportion (72.7%) had fear of falling after the fall episode. About 51% reported that they restricted their activities because they had fear of falling. Conclusion: Fall is a dreaded event which result in loss of independence and restriction of activity. Development and application of fall prevention program is critical especially for those with risk factors of fall.

• 한국건축시공학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.185-192
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• 2019

건설업은 재해자가 가장 많이 발생하는 산업중 하나이며, 특히 추락에 대한 재해가 다른 타 산업에 비해 더 많이 일어나는 산업이다. 건설현장에서의 건설재해는 막대한 인명피해와 재산손실로 인한 사회적 문제로 이어지기 때문에 더 각별한 주의를 기울일 필요가 있다. 안전보건공단에 따르면 2016년 전체 산업재해자수 90,656명 중 26,570명(29.3%)이 건설업에서 발생하였으며, 그 중 추락재해자수가 8,699명으로 가장 많았다. 이처럼 추락재해가 건설재해 유형 중 가장 빈번하게 일어나는 재해인 이유는 최근의 건설구조물들의 대형화, 고층화, 복잡화 등으로 인한 고소작업들이 많고, 다양한 공법들이 개발됨에 따라 그에 따른 건설재해의 위험요인 분석과 예방대책에 대한 연구가 부족하기 때문이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 추락재해 발생에 영향을 끼치는 다양한 요인들을 분석하고 각 위험요인들의 발생빈도에 대하여 객관적인 재해데이터 분석과 주관적인 설문조사 분석을 수행하여 그 결과를 비교해보았다. 이를 위해서 먼저 건설현장에서 발생했던 추락재해자에 대한 재해사례와 기존문헌을 분석하여 위험요인을 선정하였다. 이어서 해당 위험요인들에 대해서 사례데이터 분석과 설문조사를 수행하여 각각의 발생빈도를 상, 중, 하 그룹으로 구분하여 함께 비교 및 분석하였다. 연구의 결과, 현장작업자와 안전관리자 간에 인식차이가 크거나, 두 집단에서 재해가 많이 발생한다고 인식하는 위험요인에서 재해율이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과가 건설현장에서 추락재해에 대한 효율적인 안전관리와 예방대책 선정에 도움이 될 수 있기를 기대한다.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.139-145
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• 2018

Objective: Older persons with diabetes mellitus (DM) are particularly more likely to have fallen in the previous year than those without DM. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the risk of falls and type 2 DM in older adults who are 65 years of age or above. Design: A systematic review. Methods: PubMed and other two databases were searched up to August 2, 2018. Observational and cohort studies evaluating fall risk in people who are 65 years of age or above with DM were included. This review extracted the following information from each study selected: first author's surname, year of publication, country, average follow-up period, sex, age at enrollment, study population, measurement variables, relative risk, 95% confidence intervals and controlled variables. Results: This review involved nine cohort studies with 3,765 older adults with DM and 12,989 older adults without DM. Six studies compared with or without DM and two studies compared fallers with non-fallers with DM. Risk factors for falls included impaired cognitive function, diabetes-related complications (peripheral nerve dysfunction, visual impairment), and physical function (balance, gait velocity, muscle strength, and severity of physical activities). Conclusions: People who are 65 years of age or above with DM have increased risk of falling caused by impaired cognitive function, peripheral nerve dysfunction, visual impairment, and physical function in community-dwellers. For adults who are 65 years of age or older with DM, research fields and clinical settings should consider therapeutic approaches to improve these risk factors for falls.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.1001-1007
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• 2014

We surveyed the wearing characteristics of hip protectors. The problems of existing hip protectors were identified and the directions for improvement were presented. The evaluation of wearing characteristics was conducted on the 100 elderly women (60 to 85 years) with 5 types of hip protector. The questionnaire was composed of history and characteristics on falling, hip protector acceptance, preference, use characteristics and improvement requirements. The result of wearing characteristic evaluation indicated that 52% of the subject experienced falling in winter. Incidents resulting from falling occurred: outdoors (74.5%), bathroom (10.9%), and kitchen (5.5%). Body parts to be protected were in several areas: 35.6% for lumbar, 26.9% for hip joint, and 15% for hip bone. Participants prefer a belt B type design at a rate of 56.9% because it provided a sense of stability by clinging to the body and upholding the waist. Belt B type was the most appropriate in terms of fit, allowance, mobility, and design except pad thickness. To reduce the risk of hip fracture, hip protector needs to be designed in consideration of user's type of fall and body shape. The pattern and size of a hip protector has to be improved in regards to the amount of discomfort. An objective evaluation is needed for the ergonomic design of a hip protector based on and analysis of 3D body image of the elderly and the shock-absorbing quality of pad.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제17권11호
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• pp.33-38
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• 2012

미도는 문 스펜서가 제시한 이론으로 아름다움의 정도를 수치로 표현하려 한 것이다. 그리고 미국의 학자 버크호프가 문 스펜서의 미는 복잡성 속의 질서성을 가진 것이라는 명제를 분석하였다. 그는 미도의 공식을 발표하여 미도의 정도를 수량적으로 취급하였다. 따라서 기존의 색채 조화론의 부족한 점을 제거하여 보다 과학적이고 정량적인 조화이론을 전개했다. 본 논문에서는 배색의 좋고 나쁨은 질서의 요소와 복잡함의 요소로 나누었다. 미도는 질서의 요소를 복잡함의 요소로 나눈 것이다. 이를 영상의 미도 계산에 활용하여, 감성으로 취급되는 색채조화 및 부조화의 문제를 수치적으로 계산하였다. 그리하여 영상에서 색을 판별하여 미도가 좋은 배색인지 아닌지를 나타내었다.

• 한국BIM학회 논문집
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.39-46
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• 2016

While institutional matters such as improvement on Basic Guidelines for Construction Safety are greatly concerned to reduce falling accidents at construction sites, there are short of studies on how to practically predict accident signs at construction sites and to preemptively prevent them. As one of existing accident prevention methods, it was attempted to build the early warning system based on standardized accident scenarios to control the situations. However, the investment cost was too high depending on the site situation, and it did not help construction workers directly since it was developed to mainly provide support operational work support to safety managers. In the long run, it would be possible to develop the augmented reality based accident prevention method from the worker perspective by extracting product information from BIM, visually rendering it along with site installation materials term and comparing it with the site situation. However, to make this method effective, the BIM model should be implemented first and the technology that can promptly process site situations should be introduced. Accordingly, it is necessary to identify risk signs through lightweight image processing to promptly respond only with currently available resources. In this study, it was intended to propose the system concept that identified potential risk factors of falling accidents by histogram equalization, which was known as the fastest image processing method presently, used visual words, which could enhance model classification by wording image records, to determine the risk factors and notified them to the work manager.