• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.91-99
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• 2001

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of mowing height, rolling, N-fertilizing, and season on green speed(i.e., ball-roll distance) for developing and implementing a program of increasing green speed in Korean golf courses. Data were subjected to multi-regression analysis using SPSSWIN(Statistical Package for the Social Science), which collected from Yong-Pyong golf course greens selected to investigate. The results was as follows. 1) The multi-regression analysis of mowing height, rolling times, and N-fertilizer application rates on spring green speed was as follows; $Y_1$(spring green speed)=4.287+0.155X$_1$(rolling times)-0.131X$_2$(the amount of N-fertilizing)-0.251X$_3$(mowing height). 2) The multi-regression analysis of mowing height, rolling times, and N-fertilizer application rates on summer green speed was as follows; $Y_2$(summer green speed)=4.833-0.423X$_3$(mowing height)+0.146X$_1$(rolling times)-0.107X$_2$(the amount of N-fertilizing). 3) The multi-regression analysis of mowing height, rolling times, and N-fertilizer application rates on fall green speed was as follows; $Y_3$(fall green speed)=4.651-0.383X$_3$(mowing height)+0.142X$_1$(rolling times)-0.103X$_2$(the amount of N-fertilizing). 4) As mowing height was lowered by 1mm, green speed increased by 0.251~0.423m. As rolling times increased by 1(one), green speed increased by0.142~0.15m. As the amount of N-fertilizing increased by 1g/$m^2$, green speed decreased by 0.103~0.131m. The season also affected green speed. In comparison with spring green speed, summer green speed decreased by 0.145m and fall green speed decreased by 0.144m.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.21-34
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• 1970

This experiment was undertaken to examine the injurious environment conditions for occuring of the virus disease, grasserie and cytoplasmic polyhedrosis in rearing of silk worms, to observe of cytoplsamic polyhedrosis diseased silkworms with histological preparation and to define the virus origin on the gattine and the disease of shrinked form after moulting (Okichijimi). The results obtained are as follows. 1) The grasserie in spring season rearing was remarkably infected in highly percent with 20.1 % in high temperature condition during 3rd to 4th instar, the high temperature during 1st to 2nd instar and 5th instar in 16.5% and 16.3%, respectively. In the fall season rearing, the disease was infected by the feeding of soft leaves plot in 5.3% and 4.8%, respectively with significant difference in 5% level, accordingly, it was thought to the nutritional condition is a factor in occuring of the disease. 2) In spring season rearing, the number ofl infected silk worms of cytoplasmic polyhedrosis was increased in the high temperautre and high humidity conditions, and in fall season rearing, order of the low temperature and high humidity plot, first feeding plot and feeded with hard leaves plot were found insome high infected ratio of the disease than control plot. 3) The occuring of cytoplasmic polyhedrosis was observed even in control rearing plot with the examining of anatomical and histological preparation in spring and fall. 4) It was found that the high diseased ratio of the gattine and disease of shrinked form after moulting in 21.8% of control and 93.2% in feeded with inocylated plot in the biosassay of inoculum. It was defined as a virus flacherie acoording to the Danaka and Shimizu's examine method.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.125-128
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• 2014

The objective of this study is to investigate the changes in levels of odorous compounds in pig slurry during different seasons. Slurry from pens of finishing pigs was sampled every 4-wk and concentration of odorous compounds was analyzed. There was no difference in the range of phenols level (123 to 156 ppm) during spring (April to May), summer (July to August) and fall (October to November). The concentration of indoles was higher (P<0.05) during spring (14.3 ppm) than summer and fall (5.4~7.6 ppm). Level of BCFA ranging from 727 to 1,194 ppm was not different at any season. Among SCFA, there was no difference in propionic acid during any season but levels of acetic acid and butyric acid were highest (P<0.05) during spring season. Concentration of odorous compounds in pig slurry was highest during spring season. Interestingly, it tended to be lower during summer season compare to fall. This result might be due to relatively lower ventilation rate in order to maintain a constant temperature during spring season. Further study will be necessary to determine the relationship between the concentration of odorous compounds and ventilation system.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.443-451
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• 2010

This study was conducted to confirm the CSOs characteristics, and to estimate treatment efficiency of CSO treatment process. Flowrate was average $53,500m^3$/d, maximum $58,100m^3$/d during dry season, but after rain-fall, the flowrate was increased more than twice that of the dry season. And, water pollution concentrations, such as $COD_{Cr}$, SS, $BOD_5$, TN and TP of after rain-fall, were also increased. Thus, for more efficient treatment of pollutants during rainy season, The vortex separator and continuous fiber filter devices were used. From the results on particle range, removal efficiency of particle was 99.7% at the particle size range of $40{\sim}100{\mu}m$ but decreased as 55-80% at the below $40{\mu}m$. The removal efficiencies of $COD_{Cr}$, SS, TN and TP were approx. 70, 60, 70 and 50, respectively during the dry season and approx. 50, 50, 8 and 18% during the rainy season. Also, when compared with the primary sediment basin, $COD_{Cr}$, SS, TN and TP removal efficiencies were high. especially, at the case of TN and TP, TN was more removed than TP because of higher conversion factor value. But we needed more study for the injection of a coagulants to get more stable treatment efficiency for soluble pollutants. Consequently, This process can be used for CSOs treatment as well as replace the primary sedimentation basin during the dry season.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.41-49
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• 2014

Four preparations of liquid turfgrass fertilizers were tested cool season turfgrasses during fall season. The preparations of PS-A, PS-B, PH-C and PH-D for commercial products were contained with essential nutrient elements, seaweed extract, amino acids, and humus substance. Growth and quality of creeping bentgrass (Agrostis palustris Huds cv. Penn-A1) and Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) mixture (Midnight 33%, Moonlight 33%, Prosperity 33%) were evaluated by normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), root length and fresh weight, shoot density, turf color, and chlorophyll content. Three foliar sprays of 4 preparations with an interval of 7 days were made in the fall of 2013 in the sod production field at Hapchun, Korea. No significant difference among 3 preparations was found in NDVI of creeping bentgrass. However, PS-A was significantly increased NDVI of Kentucky bluegrass. Two to three applications of PS-A significantly increased chlorophyll content and turf color. Three foliar sprays of PS-A and PS-B were significantly increased the shoot density of Kentucky bluegrass on 20 days after final application. These results may indicate that the use of some preparation is beneficial in producing higher quality turfgrass sod with better color and chlorophyll content during fall season.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.42
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• pp.59-68
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• 1999

The purpose of this study is to survey the color preference of mothers for the clothing of their children whose clothing is usually chosen by their mothers. The survey was performed by showing 60 color samples to provide the useful data for the fashion color planning. The result of this study shows that the prefe-rences in hue and tone are different mainly by season. The most preferred colors are yellow for boys and pink for girls in spring white in summer-beige in fall and black in winter. The most preferred tones for boys are pale in spring and summer dull in fall and dark in winter For girls light tone is most preferred in spring and pale in summer bright in fall and dark in winter Analysis of tone preferences in 6 colors shows that bright and clear are commonly preferred tones for children's clothing. Pale light vivid tones of yellow green and blue are preferred for girls and boys. Dark purple is preferred in fall and winter while pale tone is preferred in spring and summer. Red is preferred for girls especially in pale bright vivid tones while dark grayish and deep tones are preferred for boys in fall and winter.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.43
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• pp.5-14
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• 1999

The purpose of this study is to survey the color preference of mothers for the clothing of their children whose clothing is usually chosen by their mothers. The survey was performed by showing 60 color samples to provide the fashion color planning. The result of this study shows that the prefe-rences in hue and tone are different mainly by season. The most preferred colors are yellow for boys and pink for girls in spring white in summer beige in fall and black in winter. The most preferred tones for boys are pale in spring and summer dull in fall and dark in winter. For girls light tone is most preferred in spring and pale in summer bright in fall and dark in winter. Analysis of tone preferences in 6 colors shows that bright and clear are commonly preferred tones for children's clothing. pale light vivid tones of yellow green and blue are preferred for girls and boys. Dark purple is preferred in fall and winter while pale tone is preferred in spring and summer. Red is preferred for girls especially in pale bright vivid tones while dark grayish and deep tones are preferred for boys in fall and winter.

• 한국방재학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2007.02a
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• pp.81-84
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• 2007

Data for occurrence of hail over Korean Peninsula for the period 1961-2005 are obtained from the Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA). According to the average occurrences during each season in Korea Peninsular, hail days are almost distributed uniformly in the spring, fall and winter, except the summer and have averages of 5 days for each season. Analysis of regional occurrence of hail shows that inland of Korea Peninsular is vulnerable to hail in the spring and summer and the islands of Ullung, Baegryeong and Cheju and the coastal regions vulnerable in the fall and winter. It can be postulated that these seasonal patterns of hail is affected by the Monsoon effect.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.67-77
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• 1996

Total suspended particulate matters (TSP) were collected based on a size segregation method by a cascade impactor for 6 consecutive years (form Dec. 1989 to sep. 1994) in the Kyung Hee University-Suwon Campus, and 6 trace metals (Ca, Si, Fe, Pb, Cu, Zn) were determined by an x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy. Total number of samples collected during the study are 118 sets and each set of sample comsists of 9 filters. The levels of TSP and 6 trace metals were then used to examine seasonal and annual variations with respects to their size distributions. For statistical analyses, raw data were initially transformed by both logarithmic and root transformating to approximately normalize them, and then size distribution functions for each trace element were separately developed season-to-season by a regression analysis in order to obtain maximum amount of physical information, Subsequently, each developed model was verified by comparing with supervised data collected on 1994. The result showed that each prediction model was in good agreement except the fall, partly due to lack of the data collected on fall, 1994.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.276-282
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• 2015

Seasonal variation in the contents of sugars (fructose, glucose, and sucrose) in the floret, leaf, and stem of broccoli were studied in ten commercial broccoli cultivars. Plants were grown in the spring and fall seasons in 2011. In both seasons, glucose was the major constituent, comprising about 50% of the total sugar content in the floret and leaf tissue of most cultivars, whereas the broccoli stem showed an unusual pattern of accumulation. Sucrose exhibited greater cultivar dependency as well as seasonal variation compared to fructose and glucose in floret and leaf tissues. The floret tissue had a higher total content of sugar in the spring compared to the fall due to an increase in glucose and fructose. However, most of the leaf and stem tissues of broccoli had a higher total sugar content in the fall compared to the spring. Furthermore, stem and leaf tissues possessed a relatively higher total sugar content compared to floret tissue in both seasons. 'Grandeur' broccoli contained a significantly greater amount of total sugar in both floret and leaf tissues in both seasons, whereas 'YuDoRi No.1' broccoli exhibited the highest total content of sugar in stem tissue. At overall, the results showed significant influences of genotype, plant part and growing season on sugar content in broccoli.