• 한국응급구조학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.77-90
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• 2009

Civil complaints and lawsuits filed in the process of providing emergency medical service include fall accident on the way of carrying the patient, transfer consent, refusal and rejection of rescue request, range and behavior restriction of emergency medical technicians, false registry of logbook, neglect of duty and emergency patient, and violation of traffic laws on the way of dispatch to the scene of accident. This study suggested the measures by cases as follows. 1. The accidents on the way of carrying a patient could be divided into fall of patient and fall by paramedic's mistake. In the former case, damages caused by the ambulance's shaking must be notified to the patient and guardian and recommended to fasten seat belt, in the latter case, the plan of patient's posture, route of transport, rescue and equipments should be comfirmed before fixing the patient. 2. Transfer consent must be made as implied when the patient is unconscious under delusion and was not able to consent physically, and paramedic must take an action by his judgment and record details of services on logbook. 3. When a patient refused to transfer, get 'confirmation of transfer refusal' and inform him of refusal. Paramedic should receive the signature. In addition, in case of refusal, transfer request should be made after hearing doctor's opinion and it should be notified to transfer request and superintendent of fire station after making 'confirmation of transfer refusal'. 4. Emergency medical technicians should perform their duties within the range of services prescribed by Article 41 of Law of Emergency Medical Service and Article 33 of Its Enforcement Regulations and shall not make announcement of death. In case of reporting the death to guardian, it is desirable to use record data like ECG results. 5. The best way to have protection from legal problems is making and keeping the exact records of accident and patient. Paramedic should not mention his subjective opinion about the accident-related matter. He must record correctly and keep the original medical records. 6. As emergency medical technicians are responsible for taking care of emergency patients, they must contact a briefing room when they meet a difficult situation suddenly due to vehicle stop or treatment of other patients and then must have support from neighboring hospital and other safety centers. 7. Since the ambulance operator is responsible for safety and careful driving of ambulance, he must be careful when he violates traffic regulations unavoidably. The operator should drive slowly below 10km/h at an intersection and pass it after getting way from general vehicles driving from all directions.

• 한국건설관리학회논문집
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.29-38
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• 2021

정부와 기업이 건설업의 산업재해를 줄이기 위해 지속적으로 노력하고 있지만, 재해는 크게 줄어들지 않고 있다. 본 연구는 건설 재해에 영향을 미치는 요인들 간의 연관성을 정량적으로 규명하고자 하였다. 산업안전공단에서 공개한 중대재해 사례 1,197건을 대상으로, 데이터마이닝 기법 중 하나인 연관성 분석을 이용하여 연구를 수행하였다. 산업안전공단에서 제공하는 데이터와 외부 변수를 포함하여 재해 발생 형태, 건설업종, 작업내용, 기인물, 체감온도, 사고 시간대, 추락높이의 변수로 아이템을 구성하여 분석하였으며, 떨어짐 재해와 그 외의 재해로 구분하여 연관규칙을 도출하였다. 떨어짐 재해의 경우 향상도가 1.38 이상인 64개의 연관규칙을 도출하였으며, 떨어짐을 제외한 재해의 경우 향상도가 1.54 이상인 59개의 연관규칙을 도출하였다. 도출된 연관규칙을 재해요인 간의 연관성에 초점을 두고 해석한 후, 고찰에서 연구의 한계와 건설재해 요인 간의 관련성을 파악할 때 연관성 분석 기법을 적용함에 있어 유의사항을 제시하였다. 본 연구는 건설 재해에 영향을 미치는 요인들 간의 연관성을 정량적인 수치로 제시하여 추후 근로자들과 현장관리자가 건설현장에서 적절한 안전대책을 마련하는 기초자료를 제공하였다는 점에서 의미를 찾을 수 있다.

• 한국건설관리학회논문집
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.73-85
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• 2021

본 연구는 딥러닝 기반의 텍스트 데이터 분류 모델의 성능 고찰을 통해 한국어 건설 재해사례의 효율적 관리방향을 제안한다. 이를 위해 비정형 텍스트 문서인 건설 재해 보고서를 활용해 건설 사고의 대표적 유형인 추락, 감전, 낙하, 붕괴, 협착의 5개 범주로 분류하는 딥러닝 모델을 구현하였다. 초기 모델 테스트 결과, 추락 재해의 분류 정확도가 상대적으로 높게 도출되며 타 유형을 추락 재해로 분류하는 경우가 많이 발생한다는 특징이 나타났다. 원인 분석 결과, 1) 구체적인 사고 유발 행동, 2) 유사한 문장 구조, 3) 여러 유형에 해당되는 복합사고가 위의 특징에 영향을 미치는 것으로 분석되었으며, 이 중 추가 실험을 통해 검증이 가능한 복합사고에 대한 두 가지 정확도 개선 실험을 진행하였다: 1) 재분류, 2) 제외. 실험 결과, 복합사고 제외 시 분류 성능이 185.7% 향상되었으며, 이를 통해 여러 사고 유형에 대한 내용을 동시에 포함하는 복합사고의 다중공선성(multicollinearity)이 해소되었음을 알 수 있다. 결론적으로 본 연구에서는 향후 사고에 대한 상황을 상세히 서술하는 체계를 마련함과 동시에 복합사고를 독립적으로 관리할 필요성을 시사한다.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.46-51
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• 2013

Objectives: Load carrying tasks are recognized as one of the primary occupational factors leading to slip and fall injuries. Nevertheless, the mechanisms associated with load carrying and walking stability remain illusive. The objective of the current study was to apply local dynamic stability measure in walking while carrying a load, and to investigate the possible adaptive gait stability changes. Methods: Current study involved 25 young adults in a biomechanics research laboratory. One tri-axial accelerometer was used to measure three-dimensional low back acceleration during continuous treadmill walking. Local dynamic stability was quantified by the maximum Lyapunov exponent (maxLE) from a nonlinear dynamics approach. Results: Long term maxLE was found to be significant higher under load condition than no-load condition in all three reference axes, indicating the declined local dynamic stability associated with load carrying. Conclusion: Current study confirmed the sensitivity of local dynamic stability measure in load carrying situation. It was concluded that load carrying tasks were associated with declined local dynamic stability, which may result in increased risk of fall accident. This finding has implications in preventing fall accidents associated with occupational load carrying.

• 전기전자학회논문지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.22-28
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• 2013

노인의 생활안전 사고 유형 중 가장 높은 비율을 차지하는 낙상은 50% 이상이 가정에서 발생하는 것으로 조사되었다. 또한 만 65세 이상 노인의 67.1%는 자녀와 동거를 희망하지 않으며 점점 더 독거노인의 비율은 늘어나, 낙상으로 인한 사고의 발생률은 더 높아질 것이다. 본 연구에서는 실내 바닥의 진동을 측정, 분석하여 낙상의 유무를 판별하고자 하였으며 이를 위해 피에조 필름 센서와 Op-Amp, DAQ를 이용하여 하드웨어를 구성하였다. 여기서 제안한 시스템은 바닥 진동을 측정할 수 있는 신호 처리부, 낙상 발생 시 사용자의 의식 확인을 위한 경보부로 구성하였다. 진동 신호는 k-NN분류기를 이용하여 낙상 유무를 판별한다. 실험결과, 분류기는 3.8%의 오차를 나타내어, 진동을 이용한 낙상 검출 가능성을 보여주고 있다.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.117-124
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• 2018

Purpose: This study was to analyze clinical and epidemiological characteristics of elderly patients who were admitted to the emergency department (ED) due to falls by separating male and female. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the fall patients aged 65 years or older from the data of the in-depth surveillance study of injured patients visit to the ED under the supervision of the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (KCDC) from 2011 to 2016 by separating male and female. Results: A total of 361,588 elderly fall patients were analyzed and, among them, 14,429 (37.3%) were males and 24,208 (62.7%) were females. Male and female showed similar frequency of damage happening season. However, they showed falling accident mostly on winter. The time of injury occurrence is mostly from 12:00 to 18:00 with 4,949 (34.3%) male and 8,564 (35.4%) female. Most falls occurred in daily activities, accounting for 7,614 (52.8%) in males and 14,957 (61.8%) in females, respectively. Unintentional damage accounted for the most part and 7,395 (51.2%) of male and 15,343 (63.4%) of female were injured indoors. Head and neck were the most common site of injuring, with 8,392 (58.2%) in males and 7,851 (32.4%) in females. According to ED examination outcomes, most of the patients were discharged, while the majority of the hospitalized patients were admitted to the general patient room. Conclusions: The elderly falls occurred mostly from 12:00 to 18:00, during winter and to elderly women. Also, they happened unintentionally indoors in everyday life, mostly. Proved clinical, epidemiological characteristics from this research will be used as useful indicator at validity research of development of prevent program of falling accident for elderly people.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.10-19
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• 2023

Fall accidents account for the highest accident fatality rate in the construction industry. In addition, wearing and using a safety belt is the most realistic and important preventive measure to reduce fall accidents. Safety belts are protective devices worn by individual workers; they prevent workers from falling and allow for time to rescue the workers. However, the legal standards for safety belts only stipulate the materials, specifications, and strength of parts; there is no provision for an auxiliary rope fixing method to fix the safety belts safely. Due to this reason, workers in industrial sites arbitrarily fix and use the auxiliary rope. Currently, the most used method to fix the auxiliary rope is to tie a knot, which significantly lowers the strength of the material compared to the standard strength. Moreover, many construction sites are located outdoors, so the strength of the materials used in the auxiliary rope is inevitably reduced due to various external environmental conditions. Therefore, to solve this problem, this study was conducted to evaluate the strength of the material of the auxiliary rope for fixing the safety belt and the knot-tying method for the auxiliary rope. In this study, the exposure conditions for the effects of temperature and moisture were set to reflect the characteristics of the construction industry. The results of this study are expected to be used for standards establishment and the safe use of the auxiliary rope for safety belts in actual field applications.

• 수산해양교육연구
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.137-147
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• 2017

An accident during pilotage may cause several problems such as crippling the harbour function, environmental disruption, loss of life. Since the pilot plays an important role in the safe operation of the port, securing their safety is directly connected to the vessel's safety coming into port in Korea. Pilotage service is offered on request without distinction of day and night. And traveling by helicopter and boarding/disembarking using a pilot ladder from and to a pilot boat have a high risk of falling into the sea. So, pilots can fall into the sea while boarding/disembarking from ship which can lead to serious injury by cardiac arrest. A number of pilots have died or severely injured due to fall from the pilot ladder during embarkation and disembarkation up to now. Current safety measures at embarkation and disembarkation required by pilotage act and IMO resolutions could not prevent all the pilot related accidents. Therefore, to prevent pilot accident during boarding/disembarking from ship, it is necessary to include safety training requirement for new pilots under the requirements for licensing of pilotage act. It is also necessary to compel pilots to take necessary personal protective equipment when they use a pilot ladder. In addition, the placement of emergency kit on pilot boats and first-aid training are required in order to deal with emergency situation promptly.

• 융합신호처리학회논문지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.91-98
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• 2019

해상과 같이 고립된 장소에서 발생하는 작업자의 사고는 일반적인 건설 사고와는 달리 통신의 제한 등의 문제로 구조에 어려움이 따른다. 또한 CCTV의 부재로 인한 사고 현장의 수색에 어려움이 생긴다. 이러한 문제점을 개선하기 위해 이 논문에서는 작업 현장에서 필수적으로 착용해야 하는 안전모에 IoT 기술을 접목한 장치를 제안한다. 제안 장치는 기존의 안전모에 심박센서, 체온 센서, 가속도 센서 및 카메라 센서를 부착하여 설계 및 구현하며, 사용자 및 관제 센터에서 작업자의 상태를 모니터링 할 수 있게 한다. 또한 작업자에게 비정상적인 생체 신호나 낙상이 발생하면 영상을 관제센터로 전송한다. 제안 시스템을 활용하면 작업자의 상태를 실시간으로 확인할 수 있으므로 작업자의 사고에 대해 빠른 대처를 할 수 있는 장점을 가진다.

• 대한안전경영과학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.31-40
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• 2013

For the matter of elevator, one of the multi-use facilities for unspecified public, the JIS has re-established and reformed to apply to the environment in South Korea for the past 20 years. In the aspect of safety assurance, it was inevitable to suggest improved measures. The government, Ministry of Public Administration and Security has secured the safety by enhancing the safety management functions in the elevator inspection standards and expanding its safety device measures. Further, the international inspection standard has been introduced, which is about unifying inspection standard system into the international standard code. In March 14th 2012, the international standard (EN) has been amended and fully announced. Escalator and passenger conveyor among lift devices have several common danger factor that cause safety accident. First, the accident caused by decreased braking power of brake. Second, the accident caused by the rate difference between handrail and tread-board. Third, the accident caused by defects of contraflow preventing device or carelessness inspection. Fourth, the accident caused by wet tread-board or wet floor of platform which makes passenger slip and fall. As the improvements to prevent and reduce these negligent accidents, the inspection list to check and methods should be subdivided and applied for each accident likelihood cause for safety management enhancement and safety assurance of existing escalator and passenger conveyors. The escalators and passenger conveyors without safety devices in existence should be obliged to modify the part of the system or install additional safety device. With making these measures obligations, it requires to improve the system to be suitable for the international inspection standard and to have measures to prevent safety accidents. It also needs to arrange improvements for skid accident of tread-board by the external environment factors such as snow and rain.