• Korean Security Journal
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• no.11
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• pp.37-60
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• 2006

The area of security service has been maintaining the high growth curve annually by improving security consciousness from increase of the income and the progress of public services's level by the accomplishment in the info-communication field, recently the demand for unmanned security system is extended form commercial purposes into public offices and individual's houses. In addition to, the possible distance of offering services is scheduled to magnify. At the period when security company's influence has been becoming significant, the injustice transaction is the serious factor which obstructs the development of security companies. Therefore, it is urgent thing to devise counterplans to extirpate injustice transactions. There are the legalistic approaches of the breakthroughs against injustice transactions. One thing is settling the standard of the judgment and the other is renovating the provision of injustice transactions. Utilizing the principles of the fair competitions and importing self-obedience programs within the range of trade actions which is permitted by law, acted as the system approach. Moreover, there are such three things which can achieve mutual balances as establishing the range of the permitted action toward business corporations, applying spontaneously the fair competition principles and introducing the system of standard agreements. Gong further, this can establish order of security service areas and control them. Besides, it is possible for every organizations to make and operate the system appropriately by importing the self-observance system.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.13 no.9
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• pp.1760-1766
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• 2009

Digital broadcasting and digital CATV and IPTV will continue in the competition, regardless of how the content of the program was broadcast over the Internet distribution and the damage of piracy is also growing. Excellent quality of the content of the digital CATV sales of DVD and high-density storage media because there is no difference in content and quality is the problem of illegal distribution. However, users can record and reuse program in the position of the guaranteed rights, and the purpose of training in fair and illegal recording and distribution needs to be separate from it. In this paper using a digital certificate recorded by the user and the process to ensure the purpose of illegal distribution of pharmaceutical distribution system design and implementation of the program was broadcast.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.57-74
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• 1991

Deregulation privatization regionalism and globalization are the specific examples of the recent trends in the world air transport market. As encouraged by the international trends and the domestic policy of promoting market mechanism Korean has been driving a two-airline policy since 1989. But due to the absence of experience and philosophy about the airline co-mpetition both Korean government and the two airlines have been criticized for failing to set fair-competition rules and for struggling to secure air service rights regardless of national interest. Therefore this study shows the costs and benefits of a two-airline policy in a small count-ry reviews the empirical studies about the cost structure of American and Canadian airlines and analyzes the economic consequences of allocating air service rights between two airlines. The policy recommendations are (1) removing government restrictions and expanding ai-rport facilities to develop the domestic market (2) retaining the two-airline policy in the in-ternational market (3) increasing traffic density rather than expanding network for the small airline (4) improving comparative advantage through a global alliance and a technological innovation for the big airline and (5) building an official committee for co-ordinating the two airlines' interests.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.59-89
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• 2008

The Council Regulation (EEC) No 2092/91 of 24 Juni 1991 on organic production of agricultural products and indications referring thereto on agricultural products and foodstuffs. This Regulation describes the legal framework for agricultural products and foodstuffs obtained organically. The Regulation establishes a harmonized framework for the production, labelling and inspection of agricultural products and foodstuffs in order to increase consumer confidence in such products and ensure fair competition between producers. This article presents a study about inspection and certification system of organic production of agricultural products and foodstuffs in Germany. In order to guarantee respect for the rules of production, the Regulation provides for an inspection system to ensure that operators who produce, prepare or store organic products or import them from third countries notify the competent private and public authorities in the Member States of their activities. These inspection authorities must, at the very least, ensure application of the minimum inspection and precautionary measures laid down in Annex III to the Regulation. For the production of meat, the Regulation states that the Member States must guarantee the traceability of products throughout the production, processing and preparation chain.

• Journal of Arbitration Studies
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.27-54
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• 2005

In the era of globalization firms must operate all useable resources into marketing activities to survive on the unlimited competition. However, firms face many kinds of disputes with counterparts because of aggressive marketing activities. There are two ways of solving these disputes : litigation and arbitration. As compared to litigation, arbitration is more popular because of such merits as the enforcement of arbitral award in foreign countries, the single trial system, the settlement by specialists, and the confidential proceedings. This paper examines trade firms' perception on the arbitration system and the effects of the advantages of arbitration and quality of arbitrators on the outcome of arbitration. The results show that the advantages of arbitration and quality of arbitrators influenced positively on the outcome of arbitration, but influenced negatively on the closed-door of arbitration procedures and a fair procedure of arbitrator. Though this paper has several limitations, this paper may contribute to figure out the relationship between arbitration merits and quality of arbitrator and outcomes as a first empirical paper and to suggest future research method and direction.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.2171-2185
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• 2014

From the perspectives of regulation and convergence, several debates on the industrial definition of smart TV service in the Korean broadcasting and communications market are currently in progress. The most heated controversy mainly depends on whether smart TV is controlled under broadcasting regulations or under communications regulations. This Korean- specific problem is summarized in regulation fairness or asymmetric regulations between smart TV and IPTV operators. Although both operators utilize very similar technology and share the same business model, the regulations for only smart TV operators are unfettered. This would be an intrinsic cause that prohibits fair competition in the new converging market. Currently we confront the matter of asymmetric regulations between smart TV and others including IPTV or ISP. The purpose of this study, thus, is to provide the strategic, regulatory guidance and theoretical definitions on smart TV service, as one of converging services, based on a qualitative approach through subjectivity methodology. The study identifies three issues net neutrality, regulation fairness and new media and new market and proposes desirable promotion plans regarding those issues. The study draws lessons learned through a Korean smart TV case and provides directions to strategic-policy studies for future emergent converging services.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.37-50
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• 2009

Recently, as individual 3D avatars are rapidly generalized in internet sites, its commercial applications for fashion business are being tried in ubiquitous fashion shopping era. In this research, we have investigated and analyzed patent problems of 3D avatar including personal body data to activate the fashion business using 3D avatars. Here, considering the patents for 3D face and body generation methods are already published, this research is focused on whole 3D body avatar obtained from individual body information. Firstly, definition of 3D avatar and its application cases have been investigated and then it has been researched whether or not legal protections by patent law, copyright law, computer program protection law, design protection law and fair competition laws are feasible in view of the subjects to be protected in each law and requirements for such protections. It was revealed that patent law may provide legal protections for 3D avatar and domestic and foreign patents related to 3D avatar have been researched.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.906-914
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• 2007

In the upstream link of EPON, numerous ONUs In the reverse link of the EPON network, numerous ONUs receive the privileges to use the optical medium from the scheduler of the LOT, but not through the competition with others. Therefore, it is very important to select a proper DBA algorithm to allocatethe frequency band to each ONU in an effectively and fair manner. In our preceding study, we proposed the RC-DBA algorithm that complements many problems in existing DBA algorithms. In this paper, we designed the MAC scheduler for the OLT, which the proposed algorithmwas applied to and implement it in the FPGA. In addition, in order to verify the operation of the scheduler, we developed the embedded Linux based testbed.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.36
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• pp.149-173
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• 2014

This paper examines language policies of Ghana and Tanzania (former British Colonies) since independence. The view that language use in education is a problem for African countries is evident in the ever changing language in education policies in many African countries. Because of the inevitable multilingual situation in many African countries, there are unavoidable challenges in their quest to adopt a language policy that works for the entire country since it is not practical to adopt all the languages spoken in the country as Media of Instruction. Ghana is not immune to this challenge and has fallen victim to this tendency to change the language in education policy from time to time in an attempt to adopt a satisfactory policy which would yield the intended results. Tanzania, however, is one of the few African countries that have found a sustainable language in education policy since independence. Nonetheless, it has its fair share of challenges as a consequence of the perceived competition between Kiswahili and English as official languages. The paper discusses the challenges that both Ghana and Tanzania face against the background of colonization. The paper also offers a discussion on possible future perspectives for the two countries.

• East Asian Economic Review
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.205-225
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• 2022

Different types of corporate ownership may affect the environment among firms and could influence the decisions of new entities in the region. This study determines the role of state-owned enterprises (SOEs) in hindering new foreign manufacturing firms in the Yangtze River delta (YRD). The negative binomial regression is used for city-sector level data and the following points summarize the results: Firstly, the unique privileges that SOEs enjoy alongside governmental support create difficulties for foreign firms trying to establish themselves near existing SOEs. Secondly, although core cities are more attractive to foreign firms than peripheral cities, the role of core-periphery reveals that, in spite of all the regional advantages core cities could offer, whenever the share of SOEs is higher, the core-periphery system will have an adverse impact on new foreign firms. In other words, government preference for SOEs can suppress the attraction of foreign start-ups. However, after 2008, the governmental authorities finally succeeded in implementing their promising policy of fair treatment and competition in only the core cities.