• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
• /
• v.24 no.6
• /
• pp.107-118
• /
• 2015

Today, The representation of the modern space is experimented with shape and surface of the de-structural point of view to make architecture and space, in terms of not being able to make defined by single regulation. However, it can correspond to the rapidly changing modern, but it is easy to fade of architecture fundamental meaning. Along with the need for the rise of the construction of fundamental space, should be built a 'tectonic' spatial, which is said to be building of logos. Tectonic, as norms for expressing the fundamental meaning of architecture, as to expression of construction, be unfolded with dualism such as science and art, technology and express, structure and formation, and it was introduced into the architecture through the construction expression of space that was a tectonic discussion of 19c german architects. On the other hand Constructivism which is avant-garde formative movement with Russia revolution, constructed 'sculpture' with the formative principles as tectonic. Tectonic's Formative characteristics can draw a conclusion with of tectonic characteristics of constructivism sculpture, space of logos will be realized through its study. Other hand, The pavilion, as symbol space, can be analyzed by tectonic properties, Pavilion, meaning the space is expressed in a variety of tectonic expression. As tectonic construction, fundamental ideology and symbolization of space is revealed metaphorically and visually.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
• /
• v.16 no.1
• /
• pp.100-105
• /
• 2008

Cross-drilling on the brake disc is generally known as a way of improving cooling efficiency. In other theories, cross-drilled holes act like a path of gas or water and are also known that they can reduce fading and wetting of brake rotors. However, in disc rotors with cross-drilling, thermal crack phenomena have been reported more frequently and more manufacturing cost should be paid than non cross-drilled disc rotors. In this study, to examine various effects of cross-drilling on the brake disc, two kinds of brake disc rotors, cross-drilled and non cross-drilled, were used in computational fluid dynamic analyses and dynamometer tests.

• Journal of Fashion Business
• /
• v.22 no.4
• /
• pp.106-117
• /
• 2018

The present study was conducted to investigate dyeing properties and functionality of silk fabrics dyed with extracts from buckwheat skin. Comparative results of color strength(K/S) values of dyed silk fabrics were studied to quantify the effects of dye concentrations, dyeing temperatures, dyeing time and the pH; the effect of mordants; and color changes. And also evaluated the fastness, antimicrobial property, ultraviolet protection properties of the dyed and mordanted silk fabrics. The color strength(K/S) values of silk generally increased depending on the increasing dye concentration, dyeing temperature, and dyeing time. And the highest color strength values were obtained at a dye concentration of 100%(v/v), a dyeing temperature of $90^{\circ}C$, a dyeing of time 80 minutes, and a dyebath of pH 2. The color fastness to light of dyed and mordanted silk fabrics were found to be good, and the drycleaning and rubbing fastness were excellent. The fade of washing fastness was not good, however, the stain of washing fastness and perspiration fastness showed relatively good grade. The Al, Cu, Fe mordanted silk fabrics(except Fe for Klebsiella pneumoniae) showed 99.9% reduction rate. The ultraviolet protection properties of the mordanted fabrics were generally improved. Moreover, the Cu and Fe mordnared fabrics showed very exceptional ultraviolet protection factors.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
• /
• v.5 no.2
• /
• pp.104-115
• /
• 2003

It is well known that Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) systems offer the promise of achieving very high spectrum efficiencies (many tens of bit/s/Hz) in a mobile environment. The gains in MIMO capacity are sensitive to the presence of spatial and temporal correlation introduced by the radio environment. In this paper, we examine how MIMO capacity is influenced by a number of factors e.g., a) temporal correlation b) various combinations of low/high spatial correlations at either end, c) combined spatial and temporal correlations. In all cases, we compare the channel capacity that would be achievable under independent fading. We investigate the behaviour of "capacity fades," examine how often the capacity experiences the fades, develop a method to determine level crossing rates and average fade durations and relate these to antenna numbers. We also evaluate the influence of channel correlation on the capacity autocorrelation and assess the fit of a Gaussian random process to the temporal capacity sequence. Finally we note that the particular spatial correlation structure of the MIMO channel is influenced by a large number of factors. For simplicity, it is desirable to use a single overall correlation measure which parameterizes the effect of correlation on capacity. We verify this single parameter concept by simulating a large number of different spatially correlated channels.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
• /
• v.7 no.4
• /
• pp.288-299
• /
• 1996

The co-channel digital radio-relay system improves effectively the use of radio frequency allocations by transmitting signals separately on both orthogonal allocations, and thereby not only the total transmission capacity of frequency band but also its bandwidth effciency are almost doubled, compared tothe interleaved digital radio-relay system. Therefore, the study on the development and application of the con-channel scheme is of importance, for the efficient use of limited frequency bnad. In this paper, we derived the eqations for calculating fade margin as a function of path length as well as error performance in terms of the outage probability for co-channel digital radio-relay system below 10GHz. And, simulation was given to demonstrate how to apply those equations to the real situation.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
• /
• v.7 no.1
• /
• pp.113-124
• /
• 2005

Information sources about Mongolian pigtail of 13-14C are relatively rich. But it was difficult to estimate the shape of the pigtail in detail with the descriptions in historical writing or travel books only, and paintings were neither enough to observe the beautiful shape of the pigtail closely on the whole because the portrayed characters were always wearing their hats. However, the authors could trace the detailed shape of the pigtail of 13-14C through close investigation into Mongolian stone statue of the period. In conclusion, the authors performed a comparative study by historically comparing the historical writings, archeological materials, ethnological materials and figurative arts featuring medieval Mongolian pigtail. And the authors paid careful attention to the meaning of those materials to the hairdo history. Historically nothern minority races have become assimilated with surrounding races in language, culture and customs through long economical and cultural exchange, and today their national traits gradually fade away by globalization. But each minority race still stands independently and maintain its own traditional culture. only recently began the study by Korean researchers on Mongolian pigtail, and there is still much to be discussed in ethnological issues such as racial pedigree.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
• /
• v.8 no.5
• /
• pp.425-433
• /
• 2002

After the removal of SA (Selective Availability), horizontal accuracy of 25m(2dRMS) is easily obtained using GPS (Global Positioning System). In this paper, the error characteristics without SA are analyzed and a navigation algorithm concerns this error characteristics is proposed to further improve the accuracy. The proposed method utilizes the relationship between elevation angle and errors that are remained after ionospheric and troposheric delay compensation. The relationship is derived from real measurements and used as a weighting matrix of weighted least squares estimator. Furthermore, a RAIM (Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring) technique is included to remove abnormal measurements affected by multi-path or low SNR (Signal-to-Noise Ratio). It is shown that using the proposed method, more than 4 times accurate result, which is comparable with DGPS (Differential GPS), can be obtained from experiments with real data. Besides accuracy and reliability, the proposed method reduces large jumps in position and maintains better performance than a method using mask angle to completely remove satellites below this mask angle. Thus it is expected that the proposed method can be efficiently applied to land navigation where some satellites are blocked by building or forest.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
• /
• v.52 no.2
• /
• pp.45-57
• /
• 2002

21th century is evolving from physical to brain-oriented society, and from class oriented society to network society. In the midst of it, bobos is the new enlightened elite group. In depth analyzationon of the beat generation from the 1950's and hippies from the 1960's, which had influenced the bobos, were done to study on such new and core elite group. According to the research, the emerging of bobos was originated and created from the long gone conflict between the beat and bourgeois, and the hippie and the conservative. And this mixed culture of both free-spirited hippie and materialistic yuppies from the 80's is rapidly growing, and they are easily seem from various commercial advertisements, accessories and fashion designs. In addition, the bobo's were targeted by the main designers, and expressed through bohemian luxury and romantic hippie mood. Naive and childish floral prints, paisley prints that were influenced by the hippies, the hair styles from the 80's and washed denims were seen at the collections. However, the symbolism of the 60's defiant fashion styles seem to fade away but remains only as a style. The comparison and analyzation between the fashion of bobos, hidden meaning of those defiant fashion styles and the aesthetics of it are arranged in the following conclusions.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.31 no.9
• /
• pp.2519-2526
• /
• 2010

Silane-based self-assembly was employed for the surface modification of carbon-coated Si electrodes and their surface chemistry and electrochemical performance in battery electrolyte depending on the molecular structure of silanes was studied. IR spectroscopic analyses revealed that siloxane formed from silane-based self-assembly possessed Si-O-Si network on the electrode surface and high surface coverage siloxane induced the formation of a stable solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer that was mainly composed of organic compounds with alkyl and carboxylate metal salt functionalities, and PF-containing inorganic species. Scanning electron microscopy imaging showed that particle cracking were effectively reduced on the carbon-coated Si when having high coverage siloxane and thickened SEI layer, delivering > 1480 mAh/g over 200 cycles with enhanced capacity retention 74% of the maximum discharge capacity, in contrast to a rapid capacity fade with low coverage siloxane.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
• /
• v.32 no.11
• /
• pp.1771-1781
• /
• 2008

The purpose of this study was to classify the casual image by clothing design elements. This research was done by survey method with 30 kinds of casual image photos selected in fashion magazines. The data was analyzed by Reliability Analysis, Factor Analysis, ANOVA, Duncan's test and MDS. The results of this study are as follows: 1. Casual image was classified by 6 factors. Those were classic-casual, modern-casual, romantic-casual, vintage-casual, sexy-casual and active-casual images. 2. Classic-casual image was well-expressed by A silhouette, fit, chromatic and chromatic color coordinations and hard texture. Modern-casual image was well-expressed by H silhouette, fit and achromatic and achromatic color coordinations. Romantic-casual image was well-expressed by A silhouette, fit and soft texture. Vintage-casual image was well-expressed by H silhouette, combination apparel-fit, chromatic and chromatic color coordinations and fade-out texture. Sexy-casual image was well-expressed by fitted silhouette, tight apparel-fit and combination texture. 3. Casual image was positioned into mostly dynamic and modern on image scale.