• 아태비즈니스연구
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.281-294
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• 2023

Purpose - The purpose of this study is to explore the determinants of the organizational level for the advancement of smart factory. We suggested three determinants of the organizational level such as CEO's entrepreneurship, high-involvement human resource management, and cooperative industrial relations. Design/methodology/approach - The population of our survey was manufacturing SMEs, and we took a sample and conducted a survey of 232 companies. Since the level of smart factory advancement, which is a dependent variable, was measured on an ordinal scale, ordinal logistic regression analysis was used to test the hypothesis. Findings - The higher the level of high-involvement human resource management, the higher the level of smart factory advancement. As the level of high-involvement human resource management increases by one unit, the probability of smart factory advancement increases by 22.8%. On the other hand, the CEO's entrepreneurship did not significantly affect the level of smart factory advancement. Interestingly, the cooperative industrial relations negatively affected to the level of smart factory advancement, contrary to the hypothesis prediction. Research implications or Originality - This study explored determinants at the organizational level that affect the advancement of smart factories. Through this, various implications are presented for related research and policy fields.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.43-50
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• 2013

Recent researches on plant factory system deal with the convergence of lighting technology, agricultural technology inclusive to the high-tech industries worldwide in order to respond to the decreasing crop harvest due to global warming and abnormal weather phenomena. However, the fundamental performance standard is not currently being introduced in the case of plants factory and its commercialization is not activated because of high initial investment and operating cost. Large portion of the initial investment and operating cost of a plant factory is ascribed to artificial light sources and thermal control facilities, therefore, innovation should be provided in order to improve the economics of the plant factory. As an alternative, new plant factory could harness solar thermal and geothermal systems for heating, cooling and ventilation. In this study, a natural light dependent multi-layer plant factory's thermal environment was analyzed with two-dimensional numerical methods to elicit efficient operation conditions for optimized internal physical environment. Depending on the supply air temperature and airflow rate introduced in the facility, the temperature changes around the crops was interpreted. Since the air supplied into the plant factory does not stay long enough, the ambient temperature predicted around the plating trays was not significantly different from that of the supplied air. However, the changes of airflow rate and air flow pattern could cause difference to the temperature around the planting trays. Increasing the amount of time of air staying around the planting trays could improve energy performance in case the thermal environment of a natural light based multi-layer plant factory is considered.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.204-209
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• 2007

Agricultural area in the vicinity of the ${\triangle}{\triangle}$ smelting factory in Kyeongbuk province, the third largest zinc smelting factory in the world, was contaminated by high concentration of heavy metals. However, the heavy metals source was not yet directly traced and thus, resulted to a conflict between the factory and residents within its vicinity. In order to determine the level of heavy metal contamination in the arable lands located at the north eastern part of the factory, soils were sampled systematically. To find out the major reason for the occurrence of this problem, waters and aerosols were sampled with constant intervals to the upward and downward direction from the factory and were analyzed to find out the heavy metal concentrations. Cadmium (Cd) and zinc (Zn) of the heavy metals were highly accumulated more than the Korean warning criteria (Cd 1.5, Zn 300 mg $kg^{-1}$) with mean values 1.7 and 407 mg $kg^{-1}$, respectively, at the surface soils (0-20 cm), and heavy metal concentration significantly decreased with increasing soil depth In addition, the concentration of both metals slightly decreased with increasing distance from the factory to the surface soils. Cadmium and Zn were detected in the upward stream water with low concentration and concentrations increased significantly in the downstream after passing across the factory. Aerosol samples also showed traces of Cd and Zn which could be attributed to the contamination of the water system and the surface soils. Conclusively, Cd and Zn emitted from the ${\triangle}{\triangle}$ smelting factory moved with the aerosol in the atmosphere and thus, contaminated the agricultural areas and the water system within it vicinity.

• 융합정보논문지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.233-238
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• 2018

중소기업 및 영세기업들은 생산관리 뿐만 아니라 설비, 안전, 에너지 관리 측면에서 중소기업의 운영 관리를 위해서 다양한 시도를 하고 있다. 그러나, 중소기업은 투자 여력이 없어 중소기업의 경영 개선과 생산성 향상을 위한 스마트팩토리 구축이 쉽지 않은 상황이다. 본 논문에서는 중소기업에서 현재 운영 중인 공장 장비를 부분적으로 연동하는 스마트팩토리를 구축 알고리즘을 제안한다. 제안 알고리즘은 중소기업의 스마트팩토리 환경을 단계적으로 구축하여 운영할 수 있도록 전체 제조 공정 중 제품 정보와 출시 정보를 IoT 장치에 이용하여 수집 보관 관리 처리 하도록 하고 있다. 또한, 제안 알고리즘은 장치간 인증 정보를 중앙의 서버가 중앙집중식으로 관리함으로써 IoT 장치 수에 상관없이 IoT간 연계를 자동화하는 특징이 있다. 성능평가 결과, 제안 알고리즘은 스마트팩토리 환경을 구축하기 전의 공장 프로세스와 효율성을 평가한 결과 13.7% 향상된 결과를 얻었고, 공장 내 제품 처리 시간도 19.8% 향상된 결과를 얻었다. 또한, 공정 프로세스에 투입된 인력 투입 비용도 37.1% 감소된 결과를 얻었다.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.43-57
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• 2021

Smart factories can be defined as intelligent factories that produce products through IoT-based data. In order to build and operate a smart factory, various new technologies such as CPS, IoT, Big Data, and AI are to be introduced and utilized, while the implementation of a MES system that accurately and quickly collects equipment data and production performance is as important as those new technologies. First of all, it is very essential to build a smart factory appropriate to the current status of the company. In this study, what are the essential prerequisite factors for successfully implementing a smart factory was investigated. A case study has been carried out to illustrate the effect of implementing ERP and MES, and to examine the extensibilities into a smart factory. ERP and MES as an integrated manufacturing information system do not imply a smart factory, however, it has been confirmed that ERP and MES are necessary conditions among many factors for developing into a smart factory. Therefore, the stepwise implementation of intelligent MES through the expansion of MES function was suggested. An intelligent MES that is capable of making various decisions has been investigated as a prototyping system by applying data mining techniques and big data analysis. In the end, in order for small and medium enterprises to implement a low-cost, high-efficiency smart factory, the level and goal of the smart factory must be clearly defined, and the transition to ERP and MES-based intelligent factories could be a potential alternative.

• 한국정보시스템학회지:정보시스템연구
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.197-218
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• 2022

Purpose This study examines the roles of firm-level smart factory implementation in the relationship between organizational competence and organizational performance in the context of Korean small and medium Enterprises (SMEs). To achieve this goal, this study presents and empirically tests a research model with evaluation data conducted by industrial experts on how organizational competence can be exploited to positively influence organizational performance through smart factory implementation. Design/methodology/approach Organizational competence are based on the research construct developed by Odważny et al.(2018). Research constructs on smart factory are based on the measurement model developed by Korea Technology and Information Promotion Agency for Korea small and medium Enterprises (TIPA) (2020) and organizational performance are based on the performance construct developed by Kwon(2019). To complete the investigation, we collected 31 firm data conducted by industrial experts in Korea from Dec 2018 to Dec 2020. Most of firm was implemented officially by government budget granted for smart factory of Korea SMEs. To test our hypotheses, partial least squares (PLS) method was employed. Findings The findings indicate that organizational competence is antecedent to influence smart factory implementation, while smart factory implementation has significant relationship with organizational performance. This study provides a better understanding of the connection between organizational competence and organizational performance through smart factory implementation. So companies should focus on enhancing organizational competence and implementing smart factory to obtain sustainable competitiveness.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.161-165
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• 1997

본(本) 실험(實驗)은 공장(工場) 폐수(廢水)가 작물(作物)의 생육(生育)에 미치는 영향을 구명(究明)하기 위하여 수도(水稻) 묘(苗)의 초기(初期) 생장(生長)에 미치는 영향을 조사하였고, 벼, 보리, 배추, 참외, 토마토를 파종(播種)한 폿트에 공장(工場) 폐수(廢水)의 농도를 달리하여 처리한 후 작물(作物)의 출현율(出現率)과 건물중(乾物重)을 조사하였다. 실험에 사용된 폐수(廢水)의 종류는 피혁(皮革) 공장(工場), 페놀 수지 공장(工場), 염료(染料) 공장(工場)의 폐수(廢水)였다. 실험의 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 수도(水稻) 묘(苗)는 각 공장(工場)의 폐수(廢水)에 의하여 억제가 되었으나 피혁(皮革) 공장(工場)의 경우는 1/16이하로 희석(稀釋)된 저농도(低濃度)에 의해서는 촉진(促進)되는 결과를 보였다. 2. 피혁(皮革) 공장(工場)의 경우 각 작물(作物)이 반응은 보리가 가장 피해가 적었고 토마토의 경우 피해가 가장 크게 나타났다. 3. 페놀 수지 폐수(廢水)는 배추와 참외가 크게 나타났고, 보리는 피해가 적었다. 4. 염료(染料) 공장(工場)의 폐수(廢水)는 토마토와 참외가 가장 많이 억제되었고, 보리의 경우 피해의 정도가 낮았다. 5. 각 (各) 작물종(作物種)들의 폐수(廢水)에 대한 반응은 채소인 토마토와 참외의 피해가 컸고, 화곡류인 보리와 벼가 작았다.

• 산업공학
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.131-140
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• 2008

To shorten product development time and cost, integrated information managements of product, manufacturing process and resource are essential. In the area of material addressing, process engineers should make their decisions in the manner of collaborative engineering in order to reduce the manufacturing preparation time and cost in the product development and production. A digital virtual factory which is an united digital model of entire factory could be very useful for these areas. In this paper, the digital virtual factory is constructed and used for material addressing and analysis of an automotive general assembly shop. We developed the material addressing system for automotive general assembly shops using digital virtual factory models and nesting algorithms, and applied it to realistic problems of a Korean automotive company as an convenient and effective way of material addressing.

• 한국농업기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국농업기계학회 2000년도 THE THIRD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY ENGINEERING. V.III
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• pp.586-592
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• 2000

There is currently no satisfactory way to optimize supplemental lighting in a greenhouse-type plant factory especially concerning plant production. In a commercial plant factory, we got outside radiation data, inside radiation data and lamp running data. They have a correlation, but have much disorder. By using regression, tendency between the outside and the inside including supplemental lighting was found. We could estimate the average transmittance of this plant factory. From this estimation, we could admit the amount of inside radiation was supplied as much supplied compared to natural radiation. Then we are trying to investigate of the production amount and the supplemental lighting. Plant factory is environmentally controlled, the temperature and humidity are not actually controlled stable. We propose a design of neural network model could be useful to estimate the profit resulting from the operation of supplemental lighting.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2005년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.960-964
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• 2005

Digital Virtual Manufacturing is a technology to facilitate effective product developments and agile productions by digital models representing the physical and logical schema and the behavior of real manufacturing systems including products, process, manufacturing resources and plants. A digital virtual factory as a well-designed and integrated environment is essential for successful applications of this technology. In this research, we constructed a sophisticated digital virtual factory of the shipbuilding company's section steel shop by 3-D CAD and virtual manufacturing simulation. This digital virtual factory can be applied for diverse engineering activities in design, manufacturing and control of the real factory.