• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제27권12호
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• pp.1755-1762
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• 2014

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of maize source and complex enzymes containing amylase, xylanase and protease on performance and nutrient utilization of broilers. The experiment was a $4{\times}3$ factorial design with diets containing four source maize samples (M1, M2, M3, and M4) and without or with two kinds of complex enzyme A (Axtra XAP) and B (Avizyme 1502). Nine hundred and sixty day old Arbor Acres broiler chicks were used in the trial (12 treatments with 8 replicate pens of 10 chicks). Birds fed M1 diet had better body weight gain (BWG) and lower feed/gain ratio compared with those fed M3 diet and M4 diet (p<0.05). Apparent ileal crude protein digestibility coefficient of M2 was higher than that of M3 (p<0.05). Apparent metabolisable energy (AME) and nitrogen corrected AME (AMEn) of M1 were significant higher than those of M4 (p<0.05). Supplementation of the basal diets with enzyme A or B improved the BWG by 8.6% (p<0.05) and 4.1% (p>0.05), respectively. The fresh feces output was significantly decreased by the addition of enzyme B (p<0.05). Maize source affects the nutrients digestibility and performance of broilers, and a combination of amylase, xylanase and protease is effective in improving the growth profiles of broilers fed maize-soybean-rapeseed-cotton mixed diets.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제16권7호
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• pp.91-99
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• 2016

본 논문은 디지털 환경에서 상호작용이 높은 광고와 낮은 광고의 비교를 통해 상호작용성이 한 중 소비자의 광고태도, 브랜드인지도, 구전의도 및 구매의도에 미치는 영향을 실험을 통해서 살펴보았다. 실험물은 상호작용성이 높은 광고와 상호작용성이 낮은 광고 각각 1개를 선정하여 실험연구로 진행하였다. 조사대상은 한국인과 중국인이 각 120명, 총240명의 유효 표본을 회수하였다. 연구 결과에 의하면 한국 소비자와 중국 소비자가 동일하게 상호작용성이 높은 광고에 대해 광고태도, 브랜드 인지도, 구전의도 및 구매의도가 유의미하게 높은 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 상호작용성이 낮은 광고에 대해 한국 소비자들이 중국 소비자들 보다 구매의도가 더 높았고, 상호작용성이 높은 광고에 대해 한 중 소비자의 구매의도가 다 높게 나타났지만, 양국 간 비교에서는 중국 소비들이 한국 소비자들보다 구매의도가 높게 나타났다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.275-278
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• 1992

One hundred sixty three (163) animals were used in $2{\times}2$ and $3{\times}2$ factorial experiment in randomized complete block design (RCBD) to determine the effect of clitoral stimulation during timed inseminations on the fertility of Philippine swamp buffaloes (carabaos). There were 3 separate trials conducted with two treatment groups per trial : control and with 30 second clitoral stimulation after each insemination. Parity, tone of uterus and site of semen deposition were also used as criteria in subdividing the main groups. The pregnancy rates of animals that received clitoral stimulation were significantly (p<0.05 or p<0.01) higher than those of control for both caraheifers (52.98 vs 31.41%) and caracows (52.68 vs 27.07%) ; under all uterine conditions : tone 1 (53.33 vs 31.75%), tone 2 (35.83 vs 22.82%) and tone 3 (75.65 vs 42.44%) ; and in both site of semen placement, cervix (43.99 vs 22.85%) and uterus (60.92% vs 37.81%). Fertility was also significantly (p<0.05) higher when semen was deposited in the uterus (49.37%) than in the cervix (33.42%). Interaction effect was insignificant. Clitoral stimulation should be utilized as a routine procedure following artificial insemination in carabaos.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.567-572
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• 2010

The objective was to assess the concentrations of Vitamins A and E in blood of growing lambs infected or not with gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) and fed a diet containing clinoptilolite. Twenty-four male lambs were used. A $2{\times}2$ factorial design consisting of two feeding treatments (B and Z) and two levels of parasitic status, infected (I) and uninfected (U) was used. Lambs were randomly assigned to one of four (n = 6), groups: BU (basal-uninfected), BI (basal-infected), ZU (zeolite-uninfected) and ZI (zeoliteinfected). Lambs of groups BI and ZI were infected with a single dose of 15,000 $L_3$ larvae of GIN. Blood samples were collected from individual animals at the start of the experiment and, thereafter, at 15-day intervals. The average blood serum vitamin A and vitamin E, concentration in lambs (mean${\pm}$SD) was 0.25${\pm}$0.090 ${\mu}g/ml$ and 1.59${\pm}$0.769 ${\mu}g/ml$, respectively. Lambs fed Z diet had higher values of vitamin A (p<0.001), but lower values of vitamin E (p<0.01) when compared with those fed B diet.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제29권12호
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• pp.1742-1747
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• 2016

A $2{\times}5$ factorial experiment, using 2 dietary methionine levels (0.28% and 0.48%) and 5 dietary choline levels (0, 394, 823, 1,239, and 1,743 mg/kg), was conducted to study the effects of dietary methionine status on choline requirements of starter white Pekin ducks from 7 to 28 days of age. Four hundred eighty 7-d-old male White Pekin ducks were randomly allotted to ten dietary treatments, each containing 6 replicate pens with 8 birds per pen. At 28 d of age, weight gain, feed intake, and feed/gain were measured and the legs of all ducks from each pen were examined for incidence of perosis. Perosis and growth depression were observed in choline-deficient ducks and supplementation of choline reduced perosis and significantly increased weight gain and feed intake regardless of dietary methionine levels (p<0.05). In addition, significant positive effects of dietary methionine supplementation on weight gain, feed intake, and feed/gain were observed at any choline level (p<0.05). Supplementation of 1,743 mg/kg choline in diets alleviated the depression of weight gain and feed intake caused by methionine deficiency at 0.28% methionine level. The interaction between choline and methionine influenced weight gain and feed intake of ducks (p<0.05). At 0.28% methionine level, 1,743 mg/kg choline group caused 4.92% and 3.23% amount of improvement in weight gain and feed intake compared with 1,239 mg/kg choline group, respectively. According to the broken-line regression, the choline requirements of starter Pekin ducks for weight gain and feed intake were 1,472 and 1,424 mg/kg at 0.28% methionine level and 946 and 907 mg/kg at 0.48% methionine level, respectively. It suggested the choline recommendations of starter Pekin ducks on a semi-purified diet were 1448 mg/kg at 0.28% methionine level and 927 mg/kg at 0.48% methionine level, respectively. Compared with the adequate methionine level, menthionine deficiency markedly increased the choline requirements of ducks.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.143-149
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• 2015

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the synergistic effects of vitamin C and E on methylmercury (MeHg) toxicity in juvenile olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus. In a $3{\times}3$ factorial design, 9 experimental diets containing three different vitamin C (0, 200 or 400 mg/kg diet in the form of l-ascorbyl-2-monophosphate) and vitamin E (0, 100 or 200 mg/kg diet in the form of dl-${\alpha}$-tocopheryl acetate) levels with the Hg toxicity level (20 mg/kg diet in the form of MeHg) were formulated. Triplicate groups of fish averaging $2.3{\pm}0.05g(mean{\pm}SD)$ were fed one of the 9 diets in a flow through system for 8 weeks. Fish fed 400 mg vitamin C/kg diet with 100 or 200 mg vitamin E/kg diet showed significantly (P < 0.05) higher weight gain (WG) than did fish fed the other diets. Fish fed 400 mg vitamin C/kg diet at all vitamin E levels and those which fed vitamin C and E equally at a rate of 200 mg/kg diet showed significantly (P < 0.05) higher feed efficiency (FE), specific growth rate (SGR) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) than did fish fed the other diets. Fish fed 200 and 400 mg vitamin C/kg diet exhibited significantly (P < 0.05) lower Hg concentration in their muscle as well as kidney than did fish fed the other diets. Therefore, these results clearly indicated that the synergistic effects of these two vitamins on MeHg toxicity by supplementing dietary vitamin C (200 and 400 mg/kg diet) with vitamin E (100 and 200 mg/kg diet) in juvenile olive flounder.

• 동력기계공학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.51-57
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• 2016

Non-esterified biodiesel fuel is cheaper than esterified that because of a simple manufacturing process that only consists of filtering. Applicability of this on diesel engine with electronic control system was accomplished, then optimization adopting a fractional factorial design and response surface methodology was carried out at 25% and 50% of engine load in this study. Pressure of common rail and injection timing mainly effected on responses as specific fuel oil consumption and nitrogen oxides regardless of engine load. Estimations were 310.3 g/kWh of specific fuel oil consumption and 237 ppm of nitrogen oxides at 25% load, and 233.2 g/kWh of specific fuel oil consumption and 730 ppm of nitrogen oxides at 50% load. Tests to verify these estimations were accomplished and as the results, specific fuel oil consumption was 300.4 g/kWh and NOx was 277 ppm at 25% load and 236.8 g/kWh and 573 ppm at 50% load.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.44-59
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• 2013

The modern people do express their personalities by appearance and actively use the appearance as the social tools, and the attractive appearance largely does influence the human relationship. As the appearance's importance is being magnified, the attractive appearance and favourable impression is an important standard for job performance and social position, and used as the way to reach the social goal. This study does investigate the design's kind and character of the beard which belongs to the male exclusive property and compare the differences of the impression's formation according to the beard design. The empirical results confirmed that the male beard design formated the various impressions according to the designs and their mutual relationship existed. Therefore, the beard is a symbol of maleness and an expression for the social position and personal character, whereas it possesses the very important meaning as the influencing factor on the impression's change. First, the pre stimuli were finished through the pre survey for composition of questionnaire in order to evaluate the impression after selection of experimental models and beard types for measuring instruments. Second, sixty three university students were surveyed by pre stimuli and questionnaire as pre experiment, and afterwards the measuring instruments and experimental design were revised. Third, the stimuli completed (nine beard designs) were intentionally well distributed as questionnaire by sex and ages in Seoul metropolitan and her environment. and the factorial analysis and the coefficient of Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ for reliability test were completed for questionnaire's validity using SPSS/PC+ Window Ver. 12.0.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제35권10호
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• pp.1323-1328
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• 2011

자동차 로워암과 같이 다양한 형상설계변수를 갖는 부품모듈의 최근 설계경향은 설계자가 관심을 갖는 설계영역을 선형 및 2 차 다항식으로 근사화시키는 반응표면모델로 탐색하고, 다음 단계로서 최적설계를 수행하는 것이다. 본 연구에서는 로워암의 설계변수 변화에 따른 작용응력과 중량의 비선형적 변화뿐만 아니라 이의 예측에 적합한 신경망모델로 직교성과 균형성을 모두 만족시키는 다수준 전산실험계획법으로 설계영역을 탐색하였다. 구축된 신경망모델에 형상 설계변수의 공차도 같이 고려할 수 있는 식스시그마 제약조건을 적용하여 로워암의 공차 최적설계를 수행하고, 최적해의 공차 강건성을 확보하였다.

• 인터넷정보학회논문지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.119-130
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• 2011

UML 다이어그램은 시스템을 모델링 하기 위한 언어로 사실상 표준으로 널리 사용되고 있다. 그 가운데 특히 클래스다이어그램은 시스템을 클래스와 클래스들간 관계로 시각화한 것으로 순공학적, 역공학적 시스템 모델링 및 구현에 직접적인 영향을 미친다. 많은 연구에서 클래스다이어그램의 레이아웃과 복잡성이 시스템 모델링의 이해에 미치는 영향을 설명하고 있다. 하지만 연구 결과가 혼재되어 있어 레이아웃 적용의 효과를 판단하는데 어려움이 따른다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 기존 연구에서 제시된 클래스다이어그램 레이아웃 기준을 토대로 2 (레이아웃) ${\times}$ 2 (복잡성) 실험을 설계, 레이아웃 적용으로 인한 이해도를 측정하였다. 47명의 피험자가 실험에 참여하여 서로 다르게 제시된 레이아웃과 복잡성에 대해 이해하도록 하였다. 그 결과 레이아웃을 적용한 실험 그룹에서 유효한 효과를 나타내었고 뿐만 아니라 복잡성에서도 유효한 결과를 확인할 수 있었다. 하지만 이 둘의 상호작용 측정에 있어서는 유효한 결과를 얻지 못했다.