• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• 제41권6호
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• pp.1237-1256
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• 2023

The tree products of groups with amalgamation subgroups are generalizations of the free products of groups with amalgamation subgroup. The aim of this paper is to construct a tree called the standard tree where the tree products of groups with amalgamation subgroups act without inversions and then find the quotient of this action. Furthermore, we show that if the amalgamation subgroups are finite and the factor groups act on disjoint trees then there exists a tree called the fiber tree where the tree products of groups with amalgamation subgroups act without inversions and find the quotients of this action. If each factor is a tree products with amalgamation subgroups, we get a new fiber tree and the corresponding factors.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.539-551
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• 2004

Multiple responses are often observed in many application fields, such as customer's time-of-day pattern for using internet. Some decision trees for multiple responses have been constructed by many researchers. However, if the response is a high-dimensional vector that can be thought of as a discretized function, then fitting a multivariate decision tree may be unsuccessful. Yu and Lambert (1999) suggested spline tree and principal component tree to analyze high dimensional response vector by using dimension reduction techniques. In this paper, we shall propose factor tree which would be more interpretable and competitive. Furthermore, using Korean internet company data, we will analyze time-of-day patterns for internet user.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.210-221
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• 1997

This study was conducted to investigte the visual preference and response between introduced and native trees for utilization of the south native trees in interior space. 1. The intensity of illumination was below 500lux at 24 buildings of interior spaces surveyed. Generally the temperature was 24~$26^{\circ}C$, and humidity was 60~70%. 2. Total number of introduced tree species were 9 familiar, 16 genus, 18 species, especially palm genus were the largest tree among them at these surveyed interior spaces, but native trees were only 2 species. The introduced tree of 2 to 3m in height was 46 percent, and the case of 1.2 to 2m was 42 percent. 3. The mean of visual preference was the highest at Rhapis excelsa and howeia belmoreana, and followed with Neolitsea sericea, Daphniphllum macropodum, Listsea japonicum. In the mean of visual preference for selected tree groups, native tree was not different as compared with introduced tree. 4. Visual image factor of the native and introduced trees at interior spaces was classified by individual factor and emotional factor. These 2 factors were shown 66.5% total variance. The native tree was strongly recognized on individual factor, as , and introduced tree was also strongly recognized on emotional factor. 5. In the analysis of visual preference and image, a difference between the selected groups of the introduced and native trees were not shown significant, and the introduced trees were similar to the native trees on the visual image. This result was as follow There was an analogy between Cinnamomum camphora, Ligustrum japonicum and Ficus retusa, Ficus benjamina. There is an analogy between Castanopsis cuspidata var. sieboldii, Cinnamomum japonicum and Ficus retusa, Ficus benjamina. There was an analogy between Elaeocarpus sylvestris var. ellipticus, Fatsia japonica and Rhapis excelsa, Howeia belmoreana. There was an analogy between Neolitsea sericea, Daphniphyllum macropo여, Listsea japonica and Rhapis excelsa, Howeia belmoreana. There was an analogy between Elaeocarpus sylvestris var. ellipticus, Fatsia japonica and Dracaena fragranse, Ficus elastica, Monstera deliciosa.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 2008년도 International Symposium on Remote Sensing
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• pp.394-397
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• 2008

This research aimed at developing a technique for estimating the tree height using BRF (Bi-directional Reflectance Factor) through the clarification of the relation between shape of the tree crown and the tree height and the relations between the shape of the tree crown and BRF. This paper, reports the results of analyses of data acquired by field measurements done to clarify relation between crown shape and tree height.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.868-876
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• 2005

Silk fabrics were dyed with yellow natural materials. Gardenia, turmeric, amur cork tree, safflower, Japanese pagoda tree, and onion were used as natural materials. Color image of natural dyed silk fabrics was classified by 4 factors(Cheerfulness, Comfortness, Pastrol, Revealation). Cheerfulness factor affected significantly with color image. Amur cork tree or turmeric dyed fabrics were shown as light and cute, safflower or gardenia dyed fabric shown as comfort, and onion dyed fabrics shown as mature and simple. Color image with specialty was significant difference in Preference and Revelation factor. Preference was appeared as amur cork tree>turmeric>gardenia>safflower>Japanese pagoda tree>onion.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 2007년도 Proceedings of ISRS 2007
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• pp.345-348
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• 2007

This research aimed at developing a technique for estimating the tree height using BRF (Bi-directional Reflectance Factor) through the clarification of the relation between shape of the tree crown and the tree height and the relations between the shape of the tree crown and BRF. This paper, reports the results of analyses of data acquired by field measurements done to clarify relation between crown shape and tree height.

• 대한산업공학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.78-89
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• 2003

Ordering is performed to reduce the amount of fill-ins of the Cholesky factor of a symmetric positive definite matrix. This paper proposes a new ordering algorithm that reduces the fill-ins of the Cholesky factor iteratively by elimination tree rotations and clique separators. Elimination tree rotations have been used mainly to reorder the rows of the permuted matrix for the efficiency of storage space management or parallel processing, etc. In the proposed algorithm, however, they are repeatedly performed to reduce the fill-ins of the Cholesky factor. In addition, we presents a simple method for finding a minimal node separator between arbitrary two nodes of a chordal graph. The proposed reordering procedure using clique separators enables us to obtain another order of rows of which the number of till-ins decreases strictly.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제100권4호
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• pp.639-649
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• 2011

본 연구는 수목장의 바람직한 정착을 위한 정책방향을 제언하기 위하여 수목장의 동기와 수목장지의 선호조건에 대한 요인분석을 하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 이를 위하여 전국의 장례식장 이용자 522명을 대상으로 설문을 실시하였다. 설문결과 수목장의 동기로는 나무를 통한 추모, 간소함, 추모지 확보 용이성, 친환경성, 후손 배려가 요인 추출되었으며 수목장지의 선호조건으로는 자연경관미, 추모지 정서, 편리성, 안정감, 경제성이 추출되었다. 요인분석 결과를 바탕으로 수목장의 동기와 관련하여 다양한 형태의 수목장지 개발, 수목장에 맞는 장묘절차 개발, 공공복지서비스로서 수목장 보급, 다수 장묘가 가능한 수목장 방식 개발, 수목장지 관리의 전문성 향상을 제언하였다. 수목장지의 선호조건과 관련하여 자연미 있는 숲의 조성, 기존 묘지의 수목장지 전환, 접근성이 좋은 곳에 입지 선정, 휴식과 추모를 함께 할 수 있는 공간으로 조성, 수목장지 이용 가격의 저렴화를 제언하였다.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제31권1C호
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• pp.20-25
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• 2006

본 논문에서는 Tree-LDPC 코드의 성능을 scaling 인자를 이용한 min-sum 알고리즘을 사용하여 나타내고, 그때의 water fall 영역에서의 접근 성능은 density evolution 기법을 사용하여 나타낸다. Density evolution 기법을 통하여 얻어진 최적의 scaling 인자를 사용하게 되면 min-sum 알고리즘을 사용하는 Tree-LDPC 코드는 sum-product 알고리즘을 사용했을 때와 비슷한 성능을 나타낼 정도로 상당한 성능 이득을 갖게 되는 반면 sum-product 알고리즘을 사용했을 때보다 복호 복잡도가 훨씬 줄어들게 된다. 작은 인터리버 크기를 갖는 Tree-LDPC 복호기를 FPGA(Field Programmable Gate Array)로 구현하였다.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2012년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.645-646
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• 2012