• 시큐리티연구
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• 제14호
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• pp.261-283
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• 2007

범죄두려움의 원인을 설명하기 위한 최근의 연구들에서는 성, 연령, 경제수준, 범죄 피해경험 등의 미시적인 개인수준과 거시적인 지역수준과의 연계를 시도하는 연구에 관심과 노력을 보이고 있다. 하지만 이 연구에서는 이러한 지역수준의 특성에 대한 개인의 관심과 해석은 개인의 특성으로서 과거의 범죄피해경험, 범죄피해의 취약성 정도, 범죄관련 정보에 대한 관심에 따라 다를 수 있다고 보며, 미시적인 수준과 거시적인 수준의 연계를 시도하기에 앞서 개인적인 수준에서 개인의 특성과 범죄두려움의 관계에 대해서 실증적인 분석을 실시하였다. 따라서 이 연구의 목적은 범죄두려움이 과연 개인의 특성에 따라서 어떻게 느끼게 되며 또한 얼마나 많은 영향을 받게 되는지를 실증적으로 검증하는 데에 그 목적이 있다. 이 연구의 조사결과 우선 범죄피해경험이 집단간의 차이가 통계적으로 유의미한 인구통계학적 특성은 연령, 결혼상태, 최종학력, 거주하는 장소였으며, 범죄피해의 취약성 정도는 성별과 결혼상태, 범죄관련 정보에 대한 관심은 성별, 연령, 최종학력, 가족 수입, 거주장소 위치에 따라서 집단 간의 통계적으로 유의미한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 개인적 특성 요인과 범죄두려움의 상관관계 분석을 실시한 결과 독립변수 세요인 모두 범죄두려움과 통계적으로 유의미한 상관관계를 나타내고 있었으며, 특히 범죄피해에 대한 취약성 요인이 범죄두려움과 가장 상관관계가 높게 나타났다. 마지막으로 개인의 특성으로서 범죄피해의 취약성, 범죄정보에 대한 관심, 범죄피해경험은 범죄두려움에 영향을 미쳤으며, 특히 이러한 개인적 특성 요인 중 자신이 범죄피해에 대해 취약하다고 생각 하는 범죄피해의 취약성이 범죄두려움에 가장 많은 영향을 미치는 요인으로 나타났다.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈A:수학교육
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.113-133
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• 2008

This study is to develop the methods of specifying teaching that can consider individual differences in middle school geometry education. The purpose of this study is to decide the variations causing individual differences and to find the proper learning methods considering the variations. Through literature review, this study made it clear that the matter of individual difference is just the matter of talent and examined what factors make up mathematical talents. On the basis of the result, five important variations and fourteen subordinate factors were determined. I researched into the learning methods that consider the determined subordinate factors using the 'congruence' unit of middle school textbooks and developed specific learning methods for each of the subordinate factors through specific congruence problem solving situations. This study can be summarized as follows : I researched the studies of mathematical ability conducted by several educators and psychologists. This research is divided into the early study and the developed study of mathematical ability. Through this study five specific variations were determined. And fourteen subordinate factors have been made from the determined variations. The specific learning methods based on individual differences was developed according to the fourteen subordinate factors on the basis of middle school textbooks of Korea, Gusev's textbook, problem books of Russia, and etc.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.227-234
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• 2000

The human sensibility caused by the motion of an object grasped by a human operator is defined as kinesthetic sense of arm. Due to nonlinearity and ambiguity of human sense, there is no absolute standard for quantification of kinesthetic sense. In this research, a so-called 2-dimensional arm motion generator is developed to present various mechanical impedance (i.e., stiffness or damping) characteristics to a human arm. The kinesthetic words representing arm kinesthetic sense are selected and then the subject's satisfaction levels on these words for given impedance values are measured and processed by the SD method and factor analysis. In addition, the quantification method using neural network is proposed to take into account the individual difference between the mean sensibility and each subject's sensibility. Through this proposed algorithm, the sensibility of human motion described qualitatively can be converted into engineering data ensuring objectivity, reproducibility, and universality.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.101-109
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• 2006

This study investigated the relation of individual characteristics and peer bullying/victimization as experienced by middle school first-grade children. The major findings of the research were as follows; First, adolescents perceived lower 'appearance', and 'cognitive ability' scores than the medium. Second, aggression was the most significant factor affecting the direct and relational bullying, while withdrawal was the main significant factor affecting the direct and relational victimization in the children. In conclusion, there was a significant gender difference in the peer bullying/victimization.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.3625-3634
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• 2014

본 연구는 치과기공사의 건강관련 삶의 질 관리에 필요한 자료를 제시함으로써 치과기공사의 건강 위험 예방 및 관리를 위한 기초자료를 제공하고자 실시되었다. 조사대상은 대전지역 30개 치과기공소와 해당 업체에 근무하는 치과기공사 141명으로 하였으며, 2011년 12월 20일부터 2012년 1월 31일까지 작업환경을 측정함과 동시에 구조화된 자기기입식 설문지를 이용하여 설문조사를 실시하였다. 수집된 자료의 분석결과 건강지수 총점은 개인수준 요인인 근무시간과 흡연상태에 따라 통계적으로 유의미한 차이를 보였으며, 신체적 건강지수는 개인수준 요인인 흡연상태와 운동습관에 따라 통계적으로 유의미한 차이를 보였다. 정신적 건강지수는 개인수준 요인인 근무시간과 흡연상태에 따라 통계적으로 유의미한 차이를 보였다. 집단수준의 예측변수에서는 유의미한 변수가 나타나지 않았다. 결론적으로 치과기공사의 건강관련 삶의 질 수준은 집단수준 요인보다 개인수준 요인에 더 큰 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났다.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제7권12호
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• pp.605-613
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• 2020

In unfrictionless markets, one measure of asset pricing is its height of friction. This study develops a three-factor model by loosening the assumptions about stocks without friction, without risk, and perfectly liquid. Friction is used as an indicator of transaction costs to be included in the model as a variable that will reduce individual profits. This approach is used to estimate return, beta and other variable for firms listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange (IDX). To test the efficacy of friction-adjusted three-factor model, we use intraday data from July 2016 to October 2018. The sample includes all listed firms; intraday data chosen purposively from regular market are sorted by capitalization, which represents each tick size from the biggest to smallest. We run 3,065,835 intraday data of asking price, bid price, and trading price to get proportional quoted half-spread and proportional effective half-spread. We find evidence of adjusted friction on the three-factor model. High/low trading friction will cause a significant/insignificant return difference before and after adjustment. The difference in average beta that reflects market risk is able to explain the existence of trading friction, while the difference between SMB and HML in all observation periods cannot explain returns and the existence of trading friction.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.537-554
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• 2017

This study had purpose to examine the consumers preference and buying property of processed products by rice, barley, wheat, bean. For the study, the interview was conducted of 300 samples more than 19 years of age. We attempt to examine consumers' preference and individual properties when purchasing processed grain products. Questionnaire was filled for the 23 variable by referring to previous studies to investigate the properties to consider when consumer purchasing the products. To conceptualize, reduce the high correlation parameters by factor analysis. The results attribute to seven factors that safety, brand/image, taste/shelf life, convenience seeking, preferred high-quality, price, consumption patterns. These properties showed significant differences in demographics. First, there was statistically difference by age in safety, brand/image, high quality preference, taste/shelf life. Second, Safety and high-quality preference were the difference between jobs, and depending on household income were significant difference in consumption patterns. We analyzed the purchasing preference by purchase frequency. Ramen, bread, beer are higher purchase frequency than any processed grain products. On the other hand, frozen rice, soybean paste, red pepper paste that are used primarily domestic raw, were lower purchase frequency. But the difference of purchase property according to products was very similar that the highest factor is price, the following factor as taste. Based on these findings, the implications and the limitations of the study were presented.

• 한국의상디자인학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.109-126
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• 2017

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between oriented quality of life and fashion image with a focus on their futures. The results of this study are as follows. First, oriented quality of life was sampled as six factors such as information preference, job preference, self-preference, leisure preference, health preference, and self-defense preference, whereas an oriented fashion image was drawn as three factors such as urban image, individual image, and feminine image. Second, the self-defense preference had a significant effect on modern image and individual image as in Photo 1, while leisure preference and self-defense preference exerted a significant influence on feminine image in Photo 2. In Photo 3, leisure preference and self-defense preference affected urban image significantly, and health preference and self-defense preference respectively influenced individual image and feminine image. Third, as a result of investigating the difference between oriented quality of life and the sub-element of oriented fashion image according to the type of oriented quality of life, six groups of oriented quality of life (self-preference, job preference, self-defense preference, information preference, leisure preference, and health preference group) displayed significant differences only in individual image as presented in Photo 2. Fourth, in consequence of examining differences in the factor of an oriented fashion image according to the type oriented quality of life, six groups according to the type of oriented quality of life presented significant differences in the individual, splendor, elegant, refined, youthful, feminine, and modern image among the factor of oriented fashion image.

• 인지과학
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.323-338
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• 2013

원인과 결과 간의 연결 강도에 관한 추정인 인과 추론에는 다수의 처리기제가 다른 처리 시점에 관여하며 따라서 이들 각각에 민감하게 작용하는 개인차 변인은 상이할 가능성이 크다. 특히, 조건부화와 절감 현상은 하나의 결과에 다수의 잠재원인이 존재할 경우 특정 원인과 결과 간의 인과 강도를 추정할 때 일어나는 주요현상에 해당한다. 본 연구에서는 맥락 민감도와 관련된 개인차 변인인 자기 해석을 조작하여 조건부화와 절감 현상에 어떠한 영향을 미치는가를 알아보았다. 그 결과 독립적 자기 조건과 상호의존적 자기 조건 간에는 조건부화 정도의 차이가 발견되지 않았다. 그러나 상호의존적 자기 조건이 더 높은 절감 현상을 보였으며 이는 조건부화와 절감 현상이 각기 다른 처리 기제임을 시사한다고 볼 수 있다.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.75-97
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• 2004

Objectives: To examine whether the socioeconomic characteristics of communities (contextual effects) are related to the self-rated health of community residents after controlling individual characteristics (compositional effects). Methods: A linked data set including information on individuals from raw data of 1998 Korean National Health and Nutrition Survey(KNHNS) and information on the regions where the individuals lived from the socioeconomic statistical indices of Si-Gun-Gu (city-county-ward) in 1998 was established. The contextual factors of communities were generated from these socioeconomic indices through factor analysis. The contextual effects of community over and above the individual characteristics on the self-rated health were investigated using multilevel analysis. Results: The contextual factors of the community expressed as the factor scores have influence on the self-rated health of their residents above the compositional factors. When the communities were categorized into 5 groups (highest, high, middle, low, lowest) according to each of their factor scores, for factor 1 reflecting urbanization reversely, the residents of the communities that had the high, middle, and low factor scores showed significantly poor subjective health status than the residents of the lowest (most urbanized) group. For factor 2 reflecting community services and health resources, the subjective health status of the residents gradually became poorer when the group went from the highest to the lowest, and the low and lowest groups showed a significant difference. For factor 3 reflecting the manufacturing industry, as compared with the communities that have the highest factor scores, the other 4 groups showed significantly poorer subjective health status. And for factor 4 reflecting the scale of the regional government, as compared with the middle group, the rest of the 4 groups showed significantly better self-rated health. Conclusions: There existed regional contextual effects on their residents' health in Korean adults. To make policies tackling these contextual effects possible, more elaborate researches to find more specific factors and to explain the mechanisms of how health is influenced by the contextual factors are needed.