• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
• /
• 제46권4호
• /
• pp.380-392
• /
• 2018

The importance of polysaccharides is increasing globally due to their role as a significant source of dietary prebiotics in the human diet. In the present study, in order to maximize the yield of crude polysaccharides from Pinus densiflora, response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize a two-stage extraction process consisting of steam explosion and water extraction. Three independent main variables, namely, the severity factor (Ro) for the steam explosion process, the water extraction temperature ($^{\circ}C$), and the ratio of water to raw material (v/w), were studied with respect to prebiotic sugar content. A Box-Behnken design was created on the basis of the results of these single-factor tests. The experimental data were fitted to a second-order polynomial equation for multiple regression analysis and examined using the appropriate statistical methods. The data showed that both the severity factor (Ro) and the ratio of water to material (v/w) had significant effects on the prebiotic sugar content. The optimal conditions for the two-stage process were as follows: a severity factor (Ro) of 3.86, a water extraction temperature of $89.66^{\circ}C$, and a ratio of water to material (v/w) of 39.20. Under these conditions, the prebiotic sugar content in the extract was 332.45 mg/g.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
• /
• 제17권5호
• /
• pp.99-106
• /
• 2008

Based on extraction items derived from previous related studies on viewing experiences in art museums, this study is conducted to investigate extraction factors that affect viewing satisfactions and to suggest a guideline for an effective viewing environment by clarifying a hierarchy among the extraction factors. For this study, a survey was given to museum visitors, and statistical analyses were conducted on data obtained from the survey. The results of this study are summarized as follows; 1. From an analysis of extraction items that affect overall viewing satisfaction, space and art works were found to be relatively satisfactory. 2. From correlation analyses of extraction items, a degree of concentration on art works was found to most 'affect the viewing satisfactions of art museums. 3. From factor analyses, extraction items were reduced to 11 extraction factors, and a simple extraction structure affecting the viewing satisfactions in art museums. 4. From multiple regression analyses, a extraction factors were derived, and a relative hierarchy among the factors was found.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
• /
• 제18권4호
• /
• pp.1-7
• /
• 2013

Subcritical water which acts as organic solvent with increasing temperature and pressure because dielectric constant and viscosity decrease can be used to remediate PAHs-contaminated soil. Factors influencing on extraction were studied with varying the water temperature $200{\sim}275^{\circ}C$, extraction time 0~90 min, flow rate 10~100 mL/min and pressure 3.9~10MPa. 300 g of soil sample which was contaminated with PAHs(naphthalene, phenanthrene, fluoranthene and pyrene; 423, 420, 539 and 428 mg/kg of initial concentration) was packed into the cell and placed to reactor and then the subcritical water was pumped through the cell for PAHs extraction. Naphthalene was removed almost 100% at relatively low temperature ($200^{\circ}C$). The removal rate of phenanthrene, fluoranthene, and pyrene increased by 8, 26, and 23% when the temperature increased from 200 to $275^{\circ}C$; and it was gradually increased as extraction time increased from 0 to 90 min. Decreasing removal rate when water flow rate increased from 10 to 30 mL/min, but there was no significant change after 30 mL/min. This is supposed due to channeling phenomenon. The pressure was not an effective factor for extraction of PAHs in this study. Based on the results, the importance of effective factor was in following sequence: temperature >> time > flow rate.

• 대한전자공학회논문지SP
• /
• 제43권2호
• /
• pp.82-86
• /
• 2006

패턴인식 시스템은 일반적으로 데이터의 전처리, 특징 추출, 학습단계의 과정을 거쳐서 개발되어 진다. 그중에서도 특징 추출 과정은 다차원 공간을 가진 입력 데이터의 복잡도를 줄여서 다음 단계인 학습단계에서 계산 복잡도와 인식률을 향상시키는 역할을 한다. 패턴인식에서 특징 추출 기법으로써 principal component analysis, factor analysis, linear discriminant analysis 같은 방법들이 널리 사용되어져 왔다. 이 논문에서는 singular value decomposition (SVD) 방법이 패턴인식 시스템의 특징 추출과정에 유용하게 사용될 수 있음을 보인다. 특징 추출단계에서 SVD 기법의 유용성을 검증하기 위하여 원격탐사 응용에 적용하였는데, 실험결과는 널리 쓰이는 PCA에 비해 약 25%의 인식률의 향상을 가져온다는 것을 알 수 있다.

• East Asian mathematical journal
• /
• 제33권1호
• /
• pp.1-9
• /
• 2017

In [8] they introduced a new finite element method for accurate numerical solutions of Poisson equations with corner singularities, which is useful for the problem with known stress intensity factor. They consider the Poisson equations with homogeneous Dirichlet boundary condition, compute the finite element solution using standard FEM and use the extraction formula to compute the stress intensity factor, then they pose a PDE with a regular solution by imposing the nonhomogeneous boundary condition using the computed stress intensity factor, which converges with optimal speed. From the solution they could get accurate solution just by adding the singular part. This approach works for the case when we have the reasonably accurate stress intensity factor. In this paper we consider Poisson equations defined on a domain with a concave corner with Neumann boundary conditions. First we compute the stress intensity factor using the extraction formular, then find the regular part of the solution and the solution.

• 한국토양비료학회지
• /
• 제47권6호
• /
• pp.518-524
• /
• 2014

Heavy metal pollution in agricultural field near at the abandoned metal mines has been a critical issue in Korea. In particular, bioaccumulation in plants can have detrimental effect on human health. Main objective of this research was to examine arsenic (As) concentration in soil with varied extraction methods and to determine bioaccumulation and biological transfer factor in different crops. Results showed that bioaccumulation ratio of As for total contents in soil was ordered leafy and stem vegetables (1.19%) > fruit bearing vegetables (0.79%) > pulses (0.40%) > root vegetables (0.36%) with different crop species. Among 6 different extraction methods, all of extraction methods showed high correlation ($R^2=0.87-0.97$) except DTPA ($R^2=0.25$) when comparing As concentration in soil extracted with different extractants and As concentration in each crops. Calculated biological transfer factor was ranged 0.002-0.018 depending on crop species. Overall, concentration of As in crops can be varied and best management practice for minimizing bioaccumulation of As should be considered depending on crop species.

• 대한화학회지
• /
• 제13권3호
• /
• pp.205-207
• /
• 1969

不連續向流分解裝置를 利用하여 HDEHP-tol-HCI系에 있어서의 Am과 Cm의 分難係數를 測定해 보았으며, 얻어진 1.31의 값은 4f 系列에 있어서의 그 것 보다 훨씬 작음을 알았다.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2003년도 추계학술발표회
• /
• pp.409-412
• /
• 2003

Total extraction of stream sediments in the Kwangyang mine area shows their significant pollution with most trace metals such as Cr, Co, Fe, Pb, Cu, Ni, Zn and Cd, due to sulfide oxidation in waste dumps. Calculations of enrichment factor shows that Chonam-ri creek sediments are more severely contaminated than Sagok-ri sediments. Using the weak acid (0.1N HCl) extraction and sequential extraction techniques, the transport and sediment-water partitioning of heavy metals in mine drainage were examined for contaminated sediments in the Chonam-ri and Sagok-ri creeks of the Kwangyang Au-Ag mine area. Calculated distribution coefficient (Kd) generally decreases in the order of Pb $\geq$Al > Cu > Mn > Zn > Co > Ni $\geq$ Cd. Sequential extraction of Chonam-ri creek sediments shows that among non-residual fractions the Fe-Mn oxide fraction is most abundant for most of the metals. This indicates that precipitation of Fe hydroxides plays an important role in regulating heavy metal concentrations in water, as shown by field observations.

• East Asian mathematical journal
• /
• 제36권5호
• /
• pp.583-591
• /
• 2020

In [8, 9] they introduced a new finite element method for accurate numerical solutions of Poisson equations with corner singularities. They consider the Poisson equations with corner singularities, compute the finite element solutions using standard Finite Element Methods and use the extraction formula to compute the stress intensity factor(s), then they posed new PDE with a regular solution by imposing the nonhomogeneous boundary condition using the computed stress intensity factor(s), which converges with optimal speed. From the solution they could get an accurate solution just by adding the singular part. The error analysis was given in [5]. In their approaches, the singular functions and the extraction formula which give the stress intensity factor are the basic elements. In this paper we consider the biharmonic problems with the cramped and/or simply supported boundary conditions and get the singular functions and its duals and find properties of them, which are the cornerstones of the approaches of [8, 9, 10].

• 자원리싸이클링
• /
• 제23권1호
• /
• pp.17-24
• /
• 2014

Nd와 Pr이 함유된 모나자이트 샌드의 염산 침출용액에서 PC88A와 D2EHPA를 사용하여 두 금속을 분리하기 위한 용매추출실험을 수행하였다. 이러한 목적을 위해 수상의 pH에 따른 PC88A와 D2EHPA의 비누화가 두 금속의 추출 및 분리에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 본 연구에서 수행한 실험조건에서 Nd의 분배계수가 Pr의 분배계수보다 크며, 수상의 pH가 높을수록 분리인자가 증가하였다. PC88A에 비해 비누화시킨 PC88A로 추출하는 경우 분배계수와 분리인자 모두 증가하였다. D2EHPA의 비누화율은 두 금속의 추출에는 영향을 미치지만, 분리인자에는 큰 변화가 없었다.