• 제목/요약/키워드: Factor AA

검색결과 277건 처리시간 0.027초

STI-CMP 공정을 위한 Pattern wafer와 Blanket wafer 사이의 특성 연구 (A study on Relationship between Pattern wafer and Blanket Wafer for STI-CMP)

  • 김상용;이경태;김남훈;서용진;김창일;이우선;장의구
    • 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국전기전자재료학회 1999년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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    • pp.211-213
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    • 1999
  • In this paper, we documented the controlling oxide removal amount on the pattern wafer using removal rate and removal thickness of blanket wafer. There was the strong correlation relationship for both(correlation factor:0.7109). So, we could confirm the repeatability as applying for STI CMP process from the obtained linear formular. As the result of repeatability test, the difference of calculated polishing time and actual polishing time was 3.48 seconds based on total 50 lots. If this time is converted into the thickness, it is from 104$\AA$ to 167$\AA$. It is possible to be ignored because it is under the process margin.

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Estimating Benchmark Dose and Permissible Intake Level Using Subchronic Toxicity Data of Aristolochia Contorta

  • Lee, Hyomin;Eunkyung Yoon;Myungsil Hwang;Lee, Geunyung;Jisun Yang;Kihwa Yang;Kwangsup Kil
    • 한국독성학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국독성학회 2002년도 Molecular and Cellular Response to Toxic Substances
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    • pp.198-198
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    • 2002
  • Occurrence of Chinese Herbs Nephropathy (CHN) has been reported in young women who had taken a slimming pills containing some chinese herbs. Aristolochic acid (AA) known as a carcinogen, was suspected as the major causal factor of CHN. AA is major component of fruit of A. contorta was used in Korean Traditional Medicine.(omitted)

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The Crystal and Molecular Structure of Cholesteryl Formate

  • Kang, Boo-Kyung;Chung, Myung-Ja;Park, Young-Ja
    • Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • 제6권6호
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    • pp.333-337
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    • 1985
  • Cholesteryl formate$(HCOOC_{27}H_{45})$ is monoclinic, space group $P2_1$ with a=15.757(1), b=6.073(1), c=13.592(2) ${\AA},{\beta}=94.1(1)^{\circ},Z=2.$ Intensities were measured, using an automatic diffractometer with graphite-monochromated $Cu-K{\alpha}$ radiation. The structure was solved by a direct method and refined by least-squares method. The final R factor was 0.087 for 1640 observed reflections. There are no unusual bond distances and angles. The molecules are arranged in antiparallel array forming monolayers of thickness $d_{100}=15.757{\AA}.$ Adjacent cholesteryl ring groups by the translation operation along the b axis.

$Cu_2/CdS$ 태양전지 제작 및 그 특성연구 (Fabrication of $Cu_2/CdS$ solar cell and its characteristics)

  • 유평렬;김현숙;이재윤;강창훈;박은옥;정태수;김택성;양동익;신영진
    • 한국결정성장학회지
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    • 제7권2호
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    • pp.315-323
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    • 1997
  • 수직승화방법을 이용하여 시료의 용융점 미만의 온도에서 CdS 단결정을 성장하였다. 분말법을 이용한 X-ray 실험으로부터 구한 CdS 단결정의 격자상수 값은 $a_0=4.139\AA$, $c_0=6.719\AA$이었다. 성장된 CdS 단결정과 CuCl 용액을 사용하여 $Cu_2$S/CdS 태양전지를 제작한 후 2분 동안 공기중에서 $250^{\circ}C$로 열처리한 후 light-to-dark J-V cross over effect를 측정하였다. 측정된 Voc, Jsc, Vop와 fill factor값은 각각 0.40 volt, $4.2mA/\textrm{cm}^2$, 0.31 volt,$3.8mA/\textrm{cm}^2$, 0.68이었으며, 효율은 3.8 %를 나타내었다. 제작된 태양전지의 spectral response는 광발광 실험으로부터 498 nm (2.49eV)와 585 nm (2.12 eV)에서 그 peak가 나타남을 확인하였다.

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No Association Between MTHFR A1298C Gene Polymorphism and Head and Neck Cancer Risk: A Meta-analysis Based on 9,952 Subjects

  • Niu, Yu-Ming;Shen, Ming;Li, Hui;Ni, Xiao-Bing;Zhou, Juan;Zeng, Xian-Tao;Leng, Wei-Dong;Wu, Ming-Yue
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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    • 제13권8호
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    • pp.3943-3947
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    • 2012
  • Objective: Findings for associations between the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) A1298C gene polymorphism and head and neck cancer risk have been conflicting. We therefore performed a meta-analysis to derive a more precise relationship. Methods: Ten published case-control studies were collected and odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to assess the association between MTHFR A1298C polymorphism and head and neck cancer risk. Sensitivity analysis and publication bias assessment also were performed to guarantee the statistical power. Results: Overall, no significant association between MTHFR A1298C polymorphism and head and neck cancer risk was found in this meta-analysis (C vs. A: OR=1.04, 95%CI=0.87-1.25, P=0.668, Pheterogeneity<0.001; CC vs. AA: OR=1.07, 95%CI=0.70-1.65, P=0.748, $P_{heterogeneity}<0.001$; AC vs. AA: OR=1.06, 95%CI=0.88-1.27, P=0.565, $P_{heterogeneity}<0.001$; CC+AC vs. AA: OR=1.06, 95%CI=0.86-1.30, P=0.571, $P_{heterogeneity}<0.001$; CC vs. AA+AC: OR=1.02, 95%CI=0.69-1.52, P=0.910, $P_{heterogeneity}<0.001$). Similar results were also been found in succeeding analysis of HWE and stratified analysis of ethnicity. Conclusion: In conclusion, our meta-analysis demonstrates that MTHFR A1298C polymorphism may not be a risk factor for developing head and neck cancer.

2015년부터 2017년까지 시행한 이압요법을 통한 남자 고등학생 금연효과 관찰 (Observation of the Effects of Auricular Acupressure on Smoking Cessation in Male High School Students from 2015 to 2017)

  • 이기향;전상우;강세영
    • 대한한방내과학회지
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    • 제40권6호
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    • pp.1202-1209
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    • 2019
  • Objectives: The purpose of this study was to confirm the effects of an auricular acupressure (AA) program for smoking cessation in high school students from 2015 to 2017. Methods: The study investigated 12 high school students who had been smokers. Subjects were treated for three years. Each program was composed of five AA treatments. Average daily smoking and adverse reactions were checked for one week before each procedure. The AA was administered weekly at the endocrine point, lung point, throat point, nasal fossae point, bronchial tube point, and mouth point. Results: The mean number of cigarettes smoked per day after each year of treatment significantly decreased from 5.33±3.58 to 3.54±2.08 in 2015 (p=0.046). However, it increased from 5.75±2.30 to 6.00±3.61 in 2017 (p=0.80). The number of cigarettes smoked before treatment was found to be higher than the number of cigarettes after treatment in the previous year. No significant results were obtained from analysis of the change in the amount of smoking within each year. Conclusion: Social influence, such as the subject's academic stress and peer relationships, may have been a major factor in the change in the amount of smoking. Although the AA did not show a strong effect in smoking cessation, it appears to have value as a supplementary means of stopping smoking.

Optimization of Acetic Acid Recovery Using Tri-n-alkylphosphine Oxide from Prepulping Extract of Hemicellulose by Response Surface Methodology

  • Kim, Seong Ju;Park, Seong-Jik;Um, Byung Hwan
    • Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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    • 제44권4호
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    • pp.477-493
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    • 2016
  • A single process using hot water (0% green liquor) and green liquor (GL) was investigated for pre-pulping extraction on two types of raw material. The GL was applied at different alkali charges of 0-5% on a dry wood weight basis. The extractions were performed at an H-factor 900 at $180^{\circ}C$. The 0% and 3% GL extraction detected acetic acid (AA) at 10.02 and $9.94g/{\ell}$, extracts derived from hardwood, 2.46 and $3.76g/{\ell}$, extracts derived from softwood, respectively. The single liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) was studied using tri-n-alkylphosphine oxide (TAPO). Response surface methodology (RSM) was employed as an efficient approach for predictive model building and optimization of AA recovery conditions. The extraction of AA was evaluated with a three-level factorial design. Three independent variables, pH (0.5-3.5), temperature ($25-65^{\circ}C$), and residence time (24-48 min) were investigated. Applying the RSM models obtained, the optimal conditions selected of extracts derived from hard- and softwood with a 3% GL were approximately pH 1.4, $26.6^{\circ}C$, 43.8 min and approximately pH 0.7, $25.2^{\circ}C$, 24.6 min, respectively. The predicted and experimental values of AA recovery yield were similar whilst sugar retention was 100%.

정공 수송층(TPD) 증착 속도에 따른 유기 발광 소자의 전기적 특성 (Electrical Characteristics of OLEDs depending on the Deposition Rate of Hole Transport Layer(TPD))

  • 김원종;이영환;이상교;박희두;조경순;김태완;홍진웅
    • 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국전기전자재료학회 2008년도 하계학술대회 논문집 Vol.9
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    • pp.87-88
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    • 2008
  • In the structure of ITO/N,N'-diphenyl-N,N' bis (3-methylphenyl)-1,1'-biphenyl-4,4'-diamine(TPD)/tris (8-hydroxyquinoline)aluminum$(Alq_3)$/Al device, we studied the efficiency improvement of organic light-emitting diodes due to variation of deposition rate of TPD materials. The thickness of TPD and $Alq_3$ was manufactured 40 nm, 60 nm, respectively under a base pressure of $5\times10^{-6}$Torr using a thermal evaporation. The $Alq_3$ used for an electron-transport and emissive layer were evaporated to be at a deposition rate of 2.5 $\AA$/s. When the deposition rate of TPD increased from 1.5 to 3.0 $\AA$/s, we found that the average roughness is rather smoother, external quantum efficiency is superior to the others when the deposition rate of TPD is 2.5 $\AA$/s. Compared to the ones from the devices made with the deposition rate of TPD 3.0 $\AA$/s, the external quantum efficiency was improved by a factor of eight.

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강자성공명 현상을 이용한 YIG의 자기적 특성 연구 (The Magnetic Properties of Polycrystalline Yttrium Iron Garnet by Ferromagnetic Resonance)

  • 김기현;이대하;김영호
    • 한국자기학회지
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    • 제9권1호
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    • pp.7-16
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    • 1999
  • 본 연구에서는 화학량론적 YIG(yttrium iron garnet : Y3Fe5O12)를 중심으로 하여 조성에 따른 비화학량론적인 YIG(Y3-xFe5+xO12)를 고상반응법으로 제작하고 5.11GHz(G-band)와 23.39 GHz(K-band)의 마이크로파 영역에서 강자성 공명 현상을 이용하여 자기적 특성을 조사하였다. 측정된 분광학적 분리상수 g는 2.02~2.35이다. 포화자화와 유효자화의 값은 x=-0.05의 조성비를 중심으로 이트륨(Y3+)초과와 철(Fe3+)이 초과함에 따라 감소하는 경향을 보였으며, 이와 반대로 선폭( p-p)은 급격히 증가하였다. 자기적 특성의 온도 의존성을 조사하기 위해 K-band에서 80K에서 상온까지 공명흡수선을 측정하여 조성에 따른 M(0), Bloch 상수 B, C 및 스핀파 경도상수 D(약 162~206eV$\AA$2)와 교환상호작용의 평균자승 영역(약 5.84~12.13$\AA$2)의 변화를 조사하였다.

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Polymorphism of Insulin-like Growth Factor I Gene in Six Chicken Breeds and Its Relationship with Growth Traits

  • Wang, Wenjun;Ouyang, Kehui;Ouyang, Jianhua;Li, Haihua;Lin, Shumao;Sun, Han
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • 제17권3호
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    • pp.301-304
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    • 2004
  • The polymorphism of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF I) in 6 chicken breeds (total n=515) was detected by PCR-Pst IRFLP, and allele A (621 bp) or allele B (364 and 257 bp) were observed. In these chicken breeds, it was found that exotic chicken carried high frequencies of allele B, while Chinese native chicken breeds carried high frequencies of allele A. Meanwhile the role of IGF I was investigated in 133 Ningdu Yellow chicken and 162 Wanzhai Yellow chicken. Five growth traits were recorded for analyzing the association between IGFI gene polymorphism and performance. In both the Ningdu and Wanzhai Yellow breeds, body weight at 4 months was significantly higher with BB genotype than with AA genotype (p<0.05). Furthermore, body weight at 2 months in the Wanzhai Yellow breeds was also higher with BB genotype than with AA genotype (p<0.05). There were no differences among the genotypes for the other traits studied. Based on these results, it is necessary to do more studies on IGFI before making the IGFI locus into the application of maker-assisted selection programms.