• Molecules and Cells
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.243-249
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• 2008

Corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) mediates various responses to stress through CRF receptors 1 and 2. CRF receptor 2 has two forms, $2{\alpha}$ and $2{\beta}$ each of which appears to have distinct roles. Here we used dopaminergic neuron-derived MN9D cells to investigate the function of CRF receptor 2 in dopamine neurons. We found that n-butyrate, a histone deacetylase inhibitor, induced MN9D cell differentiation and increased gene expression of all CRF receptors. CRF receptor $2{\beta}$ was minimally expressed in MN9D cells; however, its expression dramatically increased during differentiation. CRF receptor $2{\beta}$ expression levels appeared to correlate with neurite outgrowth, suggesting CRF receptor $2{\beta}$ involvement in neuronal differentiation. To validate this statement, we made a CRF receptor $2{\beta}$-overexpressing $MN9D/CRFR2{\beta}$ stable cell line. This cell line showed robust neurite outgrowth and GAP43 overexpression, together with MEK and ERK activation, suggesting MN9D cell neuronal differentiation. From these results, we conclude that CRF receptor $2{\beta}$ plays an important role in MN9D cell differentiation by activating the MEK/ERK signaling pathway.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.15-20
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• 2011

The objective of this study was to develop allometric equations and stem density and biomass expansion factor for Pinus rigida stands in Muju region. The coefficient of determination of the allometric equations in independent variable (dbh) and dependent variable (biomass) was more than 95% with the exception of leaf (78%) and branch(83%). The total biomass was $102Mg\;ha^{-1}$ ($65.9 Mg\;ha^{-1}$ from stem wood, $9.5Mg\;ha^{-1}$ from stem bark, $19.6Mg\;ha^{-1}$ from branch and $7.0Mg\;ha^{-1}$ from leaf). Biomass distribution ratio of Pinus rigida stands showed the highest in stem wood with 64.6%, followed by the branch with 19.2%, stem bark with 9.3% and the leaf with 6.9%. The results indicated that the stem density $(g/cm^{3})$ and the biomass expansion factor were 0.453 and 1.344, respectively.

• Perinatology
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.170-174
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• 2018

Objective: Progesterone is used to prevent recurrent preterm delivery, however the molecular mechanisms of its effect are incompletely understood. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of progesterone on tumor necrosis factor $(TNF)-{\alpha}$-induced matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 activity in human choriodecidual (CD) membranes. Methods: We collected CD membranes from women with uncomplicated term pregnancies who were scheduled for elective cesarean delivery (n=10). CD membranes ($1{\times}1cm$) were incubated in tissue culture media at $37^{\circ}C$. We pre-treated the CD membranes with progesterone (P4), $17{\alpha}$-hydroxyprogesterone caproate (17P), promegestone (R5020), or vehicle (ethanol) for 24 hours. The CD membranes were subsequently treated with $TNF-{\alpha}$ (with continued progesterone treatment) for 48 hours, then media was harvested for measuring MMP-9 activity by zymography and total protein was isolated from CD membrane tissues for MMP-9 expression by western blot analysis. Results: P4, 17P, and R5020 significantly reduced $TNF-{\alpha}$-induced MMP-9 activity in fetal membrane tissue samples (P=0.0078, P=0.0156, and P=0.0391, respectively) by zymography. Western blot analysis also showed decreased expression of MMP-9 in progesterone pretreated groups (P=0.0313). Conclusion: Progesterone reduces $TNF-{\alpha}$-induced MMP-9 activity in human CD membranes. These findings may provide further support for the role of progesterone in preventing preterm birth.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.234.2-234.2
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• 2003

Development of new tissue factor (TF) inhibitor is still needed for improved compositions having anticoagulant activity and which can be administed orally or non-intravenously at low doses. Our studies for the development of new TF inhibitors uncovered that aminoalcohols with C-18 alkenyl group, 9-octadecenyl- or 9,12-octadecadienyl groups exhibits in vitro nanomolar level activities. (omitted)

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.238.1-238.1
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• 2003

Tissue Factor (TF), a principal initiator of the veterbrate coagulation cascade is known to to induced in endothelial cells, monocytes and macrophages by inflammetry stimuli and in many pathological conditions. Through our synthetic efforts to develop new TF inhibitors, seventeen N-C-18 alkenyl group (9-octadecenyl or 9,12-octadecadienyl) substituted aminoalcohols (2-aminoethanol, 1-amino-2-propanol and 3-amino-1-propanol) were prepared and their in vitro TF inhibitory activities were examined. (omitted)

• Journal of Korea Game Society
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.63-70
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• 2017

In AI research Go is regarded as the most challenging board game due to the positional evaluation difficulty and the huge branching factor. MCTS is an exciting breakthrough to overcome these problems. The idea behind AlphaGo was to estimate the winning rate of a given position and then to lead deeper search for finding the best promising move. In this paper, using non-strategic MCTS we verified the fact that most pro players regard the best first move as Tengen (Origin of heaven) in $9{\times}9$ Go is correct. We also compared the average winning rates of the most popular first moves.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.40 no.9
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• pp.1793-1801
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• 2015

In a recent work, kernel recursive least-squares tracker (KRLS-T) algorithm has been proposed. It is capable of tracking in non-stationary environments using a forgetting mechanism built on a Bayesian framework. The forgetting mechanism in KRLS-T is implemented by a fixed forgetting factor. In practice, however, we frequently meet that the fixed forgetting factor cannot handle time-varying system effectively. In this paper we propose a new KRLS-T with a variable forgetting factor. Experimental results show that proposed algorithm can handle time-varying system more effectively than the KRLS-T.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.89-95
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• 2008

The quality correction factor for used beam and qualities is strongly required for clinical dosimetry by TRS-398 protocol of IAEA. In this study the quality correction factors for a commercial plane-parallel ionization chamber in high energy electron beams were calculated by Monte Carlo code(DOSRZnrc/EGSnrc). In comparison of quality correction factor, the difference between this study and TRS-398 were within 1% in 5-20 MeV. In case of 4MeV the difference was 1.9%. As an independent method of determination of quality correction factor this study can be applied to evaluate values in the protocol or calculate the factor for a new chamber.

• Journal of Korean Port Research
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.57-64
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• 2000

For composing the structure model of national maritime power system by system structural modeling, in this study, the 50 basic factors are selected by survey of the extensive and through literatures on maritime, sea, maritime power and sea power. And the basic factors are classified into 36 component factors by cluster method. The 9 attributes are extracted by the application of the principle component analysis method, one of the factor analysis method in system engineering, to component factors. In this study, we define the attributes composing the national maritime power system by integrating the result of this study and existed our studies relating to this topic. Which are showed in Table 2. and we show the structure model of national maritime power system in Fig. 3. In Table 2, the 9 attributes are as follows : the fundamental power of maritime, shipping and port power, naval power, fishing power, shipbuilding power, the power of ocean research and development, dependency on seaborne trade, the protection power of ocean environment and the will and inclination of govemment. Also, in the case of evaluating this system, we conform the importance of considering the interactions among the attributes which have strong interactions in structure model of national maritime power system.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.65 no.9
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• pp.1626-1631
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• 2016

Generally, the low-voltage customer has been used with a linear load and nonlinear load in the 3-phase 4-wire distribution system. Linear load has usually configured the resistance and inductance, current phase is slower than the voltage phase, so power factor is low. It is required for the power factor correction device prior to the phase of the current than the voltage. The capacitor is connected in parallel to the load in order to ensure a low power factor. Power converter such as an inverter is a typical non-linear load. Non-linear load generates harmonic currents in the energy conversion process. Many electrical equipment may be adversely affected by the harmonic current. There, passive or active filter have been used to reduce these harmonics current. Passive filter consisting of inductor and capacitor generates a reactive power. According to the combination of filter inductor and capacitor, reactive power can be adjusted. In this paper, we analyzed how the combination of inductor and capacitor affects the overall power factor by simulation and measurement.