• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.65-69
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• 1999

Proprioceptive neuromusculat facilitation(PNF), scapular patterns are very important for orthopaedic and neurologic patients. It is an essential treatment techniques for motor developmental disorder, CVA, cervical disk, frozen shoulder and pain control of cervical, shoulder girdle and upper extremity. Scapular patterns of PNF has 4 different type of pattern. each of them in combining of movement plane and functional movement. Biomechanically, most of PNF patterns are a concentric contraction with third-claw lever. But the movement pattern have a technique of combination of isotonic that should make a eccentric contraction with second-claw lever.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.1-10
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• 2007

Purpose : The purpose of this study was conducted to find treatment of forward head posture and shoulder instability with proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation concept. Methods : This is literature study with books, seminar note and international course. Results : Forward head posture and shoulder instability has related each other. Forward head posture will make muscle instability, weakness and stiffness on neck and shoulder girdle. It will make pain also. Important muscle are suboccipital muscles, omohyoid muscle, sternoclaidomastoid muscle, scaleni, pectoralis minor, levator scapular and digastric. Conclusion : Treatment of the forward head posture and shoulder instability is provided. It is that treatment of stiff muscle with eccentric muscle work, muscle elongation, muscle strengthening at the structure level and at the functional level for daily activities.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.75-84
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• 2004

As the advent of an aging society, housing for the elderly has been of greater concern. Since the majority of the elderly prefers to live in their own familiar houses rather than moving to new ones, this study is concerned with the ways of the effective use and maintenance of exiting houses from the viewpoint of their independent living. The data was analyzed with frequency, percentage, mean, correlation, and multiple regression using the SPSS 10.0 for Windows. The findings from the study are: The general satisfaction rate of Interior Design Affordance(IDA) was-evaluated about the average. Among the items of IDA, behavioral facilitation was found most satisfactory, and perceptual maintenance, physilogical maintenance, and social facilitation were followed in satisfaction level. Although there had been many elements of serious safety dangers, no home modification was made in the elderly households who live alone or/with spouse.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Interior Design Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.165-166
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• 2004

Apartment, which have become the major housing style in Korea, have contributed to the development of housing culture as well as achieved a growth in volume. However, the demands and characteristics of residents have not been reflected in the apartment, because it has been developed only for a growth in volume. In this society, housing unit was the first consideration rather than common space. Therefore, a required resident-centered common space is the domestic housing market's necessity. Under this circumstance, this study investigated previous studies on interior design guidelines for common space were analyzed using Murtha and Lee's user benefit criteria which emphasizes humanity. In-depth content analysis was employed in this study. The result showed that four categories of the model were related toward more user-centered residential environment-behavioral facilitation, physiological maintenance, perceptual maintenance, and social facilitation.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.35-47
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• 2004

Purpose : The purpose of this article was to review the literature on contractile properties of skeletal muscle with reference to its molecular and functional diversity. Method : This review outlines scientific findings regarding different contractile properties in skeletal muscle fibers, and discusses their involvement in functional diversity. Result & Conclusions: Muscle fibers possess distinct mechanical and energetic properties. Myosis, one of the primary contractile muscle proteins, displays structural, functional variability and plays the role of the molecular motor of muscle contraction. Muscle satellite cells are normally mitotically quiescent, but initiate proliferation and give rise to daughter myogenic precursor cells as required for the postnatal growth and regeneration of adult muscle. Passive extensibility is an important component of total muscle function because it allows for the maximal length of skeletal muscles. Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation(PNF) stretching can help to restore or improve flexibility and coordination, thereby improving overall muscle function.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.25-32
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• 2009

Objective : The purpose of this study was conducted to find the change of shoulder flexion by degree of freedom between the Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation(PNF) pattern, the flexion- abduction- external rotation, and not PNF pattern, the flexion- exteral rotation(except abduction)movement. Method : PNF pattern applied on the unilateral upper extremity in all subjects were the flexion- abduction- external rotation, and not PNF pattern, and twenty-six normal subjects(13 male, 13 female) were tested by Cybex Norm Testing & Rehabilitation System. Results : PNF pattern showed significant increase of flexion than not PNF pattern, the flexion-exteral rotation(except abduction)movement, and also the female group was significantly increased than male group. Conclusion : The results suggested that the application of PNF pattern to the unilateral upper extremity had affected on the shoulder flexion by degree of freedom.

• Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture
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• v.6 no.10
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• pp.7-14
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• 2000

The aim of this study is to derive design guidelines which improve the life satisfaction of elderly residents at welfare facilities. There are many factors affecting on satisfaction with life of the institutionized elderly, but this study focuses on architectural factors. So, two factors are derived, the first factor is the behavier facilitation and the second is the social-interaction. In this study, the behavier facilitation, which was considerd by elderly's physical feature, means safety, discrimination and adaptability. The social interaction, which was considerd by elderly's psychological feature, was supported by homogeneous, approximate, privacy, territoriality, personalization, and control.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.115-132
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• 2000

As the web advertising proliferates due to the explosive growth of Internet users, there is a research need for the consumers' general perception on the individual advertisements in the web. This research studies whether the characteristics of Internet advertising(entertainment, informativeness, purchase facilitation, irritation) influence the consumers' attitudes in the Internet environment. This is based on the fact that the web as an advertising channel is quite different from the traditional advertising channels. Twc different surveys are conducted; one is to study consumers' general responses for the Internet advertising in general, and the other is to study more specifically consumers' attitudes for the six different advertising messages(product advertising, corporate image advertising, on-line catalog, billboard, contest/game advertising and online directory of firms). Entertainment and informativeness factors are found to be positively related with the consumers' general attitudes for the web advertising, whereas purchase facilitation and irritation factors have no relationships. Also, a set of advertising strategies for the six different advertising messages are given based on the findings about the relationships between the six advertising messages and the four influencing factors.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2003

Objectives: The main purpose of this study is to analyze the importance of the rotatory factor in PNF pattern. In this article has to analyze and clarify the importance of the rotatory factor in PNF pattern by comparing the general concepts, facilitation technics, and neuroscience of muscle spindle, etc. Methods: This is a literature study with books. Results : There is close relationships between the pattern in PNF and rotatory factor. PNF pattern is priorily made up the diagonal and spiral pattern. the rotatory factor influences and guides from the start to end in the pattern. Conclusions : Rotation component is most important of the three component that one flexion or extension, abduction or adduction and rotation. It is that provide longer muscle length and stimulate the muscle spindles.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.47-53
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• 2005

Purpose : To describes the important aspects of scapular movement and function used when applying PNF technique to the upper limb and scapular. Method : The scapular was a very important roles in the upper limb movement. This study summarizes the physiologic movement of scapular to the PNF upper extremity patterns or scapular patterns. Result : The shoulder joint has the most freedom of range of motion in the human body, composed of the glenohumeral joint, the subacromial joint, the acromioclavical joint, the sternoclavicular joint, the scapulothoracic joint, the costosternal joint, and the costovertebral joint. During upper limb movement, the scapular position change at the sternoclavicular joint and the acromioclavical joint. This concerted motion was characterized by scapulohumeral rhythm. In clinical situations, it is import to understand factors affect the scapulohumeral rhythm so that optimal evaluation and therapeutic intervention can be devised. Conclusions : The scapular movement depend on the proper and coordinated contraction of muscles. Physical therapists need to understand the normal scapular movement relationships of the scapulohumeral rhythm under different interventions for PNF techniques application.