• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.151-159
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the nasal deviation in mandibular prognathism with mandibulo-facial asymmetry. There were 40 patients whose mandibular prognathism with/without facial asymmetry were treated with orthognathic surgery from March 2002 to October 2003. The Group A(n=20) had a mandibulo-facial asymmetry over 6mm menton deviation in cephalogram PA and the Group B(n=20) had a mandibular prognathism. The preoperative frontal photograph, cephalogram PA and three dimensionalcomputed tomography(divided in hard tissuse image and soft tissue image) of two group was evaluated NDA(nasal deviation angle) and MDA(mandibular deviation angle). The NDA was statistical difference between asymmetry Group A and symmetry Group B(p<0.01), and was deviated in affected side of asymmetry. The MDA were also statistical difference between Group A and Group B(p<0.01), however the measurements of MDA between the frontal photograph, 3D-CT and cephalogram PA were similar to each others. The low correlation of NDA between frontal photograph and cephalogram PA in Group A and B demonstrate that we couldn't assess nasal deviation in cephalogram PA. It could be concluded that patients with mandibulo-facial asymmetry have a nasal deviation and clinician must remember this fact when they assess and treat patients.

• 디지털산업정보학회논문지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.107-114
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• 2016

Recently, 3D related technology has become a hot topic for IT. 3D technologies such as 3DTV, Kinect and 3D printers are becoming more and more popular. According to the flow of the times, the goal of this study is that the general public is exposed to 3D technology easily. we have developed a web-based application program that enables 3D modeling of facial front and side photographs using a mobile phone. In order to realize 3D modeling, two photographs (front and side) are photographed with a mobile camera, and ASM (Active Shape Model) and skin binarization technique are used to extract facial height such as nose from facial and side photographs. Three-dimensional coordinates are generated using the face extracted from the front photograph and the face height obtained from the side photograph. Using the 3-D coordinates generated for the standard face model modeled with the standard face as a control point, the face becomes the face of the subject when the RBF (Radial Basis Function) interpolation method is used. Also, in order to cover the face with the modified face model, the control point found in the front photograph is mapped to the texture map coordinate to generate the texture image. Finally, the deformed face model is covered with a texture image, and the 3D modeled image is displayed to the user.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.74-83
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• 2006

오래 전부터 교정진단 및 치료계획 수립 시 골격 및 치열 관계와 안모를 분석하기 위한 필수적인 진단 자료로 측모 두부방사선계측사진을 이용하였다. 하지만 최근 들어 심미적인 측면이 강조되면서 좀 더 정량화된 연조직 분석법이 필요하게 되었고 좀 더 사실적인 연조직 측모를 얻기 위해서는 측모 두부방사선계측사진보다는 측모 사진이 더 유용할 것이다. 아직까지 측모 사진을 계측, 분석하는 경우는 드물었기 때문에 이 연구에서는 측모 사진의 계측 분석을 측모 두부방사선계측사진 분석과 비교해 봄으로써 연조직과 경조직 분석이 서로 상관관계를 갖는지를 알아보고 그 대체 가능성을 시험 평가해 보고자 하였다. 교정과에 내원한 환자들 중 측모 두부방사선계측사진의 계측치인 ANB를 기준으로 I급 부정교합$(0^{\circ}{\sim}4^{\circ})$ 32명, II급 부정교합$(4^{\circ}{\leq})$ 32명, III급 부정교합$(-5^{\circ}{\sim}0^{\circ})$ 31명을 선정하였다. 각 피험자들의 측모 두부방사선계측사진과 측모 사진을 각각 촬영하여 수평적, 수직적 계측 항목을 설정한 후 각 계측치들의 평균과 표준편차를 구하였고 통계적 유의성을 알아보기 위해 표준화 변수 Z를 이용한 t-test와 상관분석을 이용하였다. 분석 결과 측모 두부방사선계측사진 분석에서 세 그룹간에 뚜렷한 차이를 보이는 계측치들이 측모 사진에서도 유사한 차이를 보이는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 본 연구 결과 측모 사진의 Su-N'-Pg'은 측모 두부방사선계측사진에서 상, 하악골의 전후방적인 관계를 나타내는 ANB를 대신하여 사용될 수 있으며, 측모 사진의 N'-Sn/Sn-Pg'은 측모 두부방사선계측사진의 NA/APg (facial convexity)을, 그리고 측모 사진의 N'-Tra-Me'는 측모 두부방사선계측사진의 FH-MP (mandibular plane)을 대신하여 사용될 수 있을 것으로 보인다.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.321-327
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• 1999

본 연구는 스캐너로 입력한 사진을 법의학을 응용한 안면삼각법(facial triangle)과 사진분석법을 이용하여 수직각, 수평각 등을 측정한 각도에서 CCD 카메라로 두개골 영상을 입력받아 중첩시키기 위한 슈퍼임포즈 개인식별 영상시스템의 성능향상과 다양한 영상처리 응용 프로그램을 활용함으로서 자동식별을 위한 개인식별 능력을 향상하였다.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:소프트웨어및응용
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.817-828
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• 2004

본 논문에서는 몽타주 기법과 음영합성 기법을 이용한, 디자이너(예술가)의 감각을 살린 벡터 기반의 얼굴 생성 시스템을 제안한다. 제안하는 시스템은 사진으로부터 얼굴의 특징정보를 추출하여 사람의 얼굴과 유사한 얼굴을 자동으로 생성해 주는 시스템이며, 윤곽선만을 사용하던 기존의 얼굴 생성 시스템과 달리 컬러 기반이며, 음영을 사진으로부터 추출하여 이를 이목구비 이미지와 합성하여 생성하는 방식이다. 따라서 실사형에 좀 더 근접한 얼굴을 생성할 수 있다는 장점을 갖는다. 또, 벡터를 기반으로 하기 때문에 사이즈에 제한 얼이 자유로운 변형이 가능할 뿐만 아니라 디자이너 또는 그림 작가의 느낌을 결과물에 그대로 유지할 수 있도록 한다는 점에서 타 접근방식과의 차별성을 갖는다. 또, 2D 아바타에 자유로운 표정을 적용하는 데에도 쉽게 적용이 가능하다.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.187-197
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• 2008

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to assess the reproducibility of measurement of facial skin furrows using a facial skin photographing system. Methods : Subjects were 19 patients who visited the department of acupuncture and moxsibustion, at the hospital of Oriental medical college, at Daegu Haany University for the cosmetic acupuncture treatment during August 2007 to 31th August 2007. The facial skin photograph of each participant was analyzed a total of six times in two days using DM-3(a facial skin photographing system). The square and counts of skin furrows were also measured for each one. As the statistical method, Pearson's correlation coefficient and repeated measured ANOVA were used. Results : The Pearson's correlation coefficient, it showed significantly high correlation in both the square and count of skin furrows for each analysis time. Repeated measured ANOVA showed no significant differences among analyses in both square and count of skin furrows. Conclusions : This study reveales that the measurement of the count and square of facial skin furrows by facial skin photograph analysis has high reproducibility. DM-3(a facial skin photographing system) can be useful for the evaluation of facial skin furrows in facial cosmetic acupuncture.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.101-107
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• 2010

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to estimate the wrinkle treatment effect of Miso Facial Acupuncture with the facial skin photographing system. Methods : Six middle-aged women with no diseases were recruited. Miso Facial Acupuncture, a total ten times was performed three times a week. The facial skin photograph of each participant was checked two times-pretreatment, posttreatment-using the facial skin photographing system. Both squares and counts of wrinkles in the facial 3 parts were measured for each one. Results : Both squares and counts of wrinkles were decreased on average. The improvement of lower eyelid were the best of all. And the wrinkles of outside of lip were reduced a little. Conclusions : in this study, we could evaluate the wrinkle treatment effects of Miso Facial Acupuncture by an objective and scientific method. Miso Facial Acupuncture has notable effect in wrinkle treatment. As though we had not wide experiences in this treatment, more researches are needed.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 1999년도 하계종합학술대회 논문집
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• pp.1029-1032
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• 1999

Muscle based face image synthesis is one of the most realistic approach to realize life-like agent in computer. Facial muscle model is composed of facial tissue elements and muscles. In this model, forces are calculated effecting facial tissue element by contraction of each muscle strength, so the combination of each muscle parameter decide a specific facial expression. Now each muscle parameter is decided on trial and error procedure comparing the sample photograph and generated image using our Muscle-Editor to generate a specific face image. In this paper, we propose the strategy of automatic estimation of facial muscle parameters from 2D marker movement using neural network. This also 3D motion estimation from 2D point or flow information in captered image under restriction of physics based face model.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.168-174
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• 2006

For over two thousand years, many artists and scientists have tried to understand or quantify the form of the perfect, ideal, or the most beautiful face both in art and in vivo(life). However, this mathematical relationship has been consistently and repeatedly reported to be present in beautiful things. This particular relationship is referred to as the golden ratio. It is a mathematical ratio of 1.618 : 1 that seems to appear recurrently in beautiful things in nature as well as in other things that are seen as beautiful. Dr. Marquardt made the facial golden mask that contains and includes all of the 1-dimensional and 2-dimensional geometric golden element formed from the golden ratio. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the usefulness of the golden facial mask. In our cases(n=40), the authors applied the facial golden mask to the preoperative and postoperative photographs, and scored each photograph. Compared with the average scores of the facial mask applied photographs and none applied photographs using non-parametric test, statistical significance was not checked (p > 0.05). It means that the facial golden mask can be used for facial analysis. The facial golden mask is easy to apply, cheap and relatively objective. So, the authors introduce the one of useful facial analyses.

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.37-47
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• 2010

1. Objectives: We aimed to derive constitutional facial characteristics with front and side picture of the people in this study 2. Methods: Through November 2007 to July 2009, we obtained front and side face photograph data of 715 male/female constitution confirmed subjects within the age range of 10-80 from 19 oriental medical facilities in the country. According to sex, we divided the subjects into two groups, real constitution group and non-constitution group. We analyzed significant variables of distance, angle and ratio of facial point through unpaired T-test. 3. Results: There are different significant variables according to Sasang Constitution and even though they are much different between sex, the interpretation of the meaning of those variables are similar with the written characteristics of ancient Writing. The face size of the Taeeumin is bigger than that of the non-Taeeumin, and especially they have long length from mouth to mandible angle. Soeumin have small jaw area, long philtrum and narrow facial feature like egg. Soyangin has developed forehead and glabella, short jaw, long eye side. Taeyangin has developed forehead, weak nose especially side end of nose, long eye side. 4. Conclusions: Sasang Constitutional facial characteristics are different between man and woman but there are much similarity with the facts as known on the interpretation of significant variables characteristics.