• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.495-502
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• 2014

This paper proposes a method to generate diverse robot facial expressions and facial gestures in order to help long-term HRI. First, nine basic dynamics for diverse robot facial expressions are determined based on the dynamics of human facial expressions and principles of animation for even identical emotions. In the second stage, facial actions are added to express facial gestures such as sniffling or wailing loudly corresponding to sadness, laughing aloud or smiling corresponding to happiness, etc. To evaluate the effectiveness of our approach, we compared the facial expressions of the developed robot when the proposed method is used or not. The results of the survey showed that the proposed method can help robots generate more realistic facial expressions.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2005.05a
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• pp.229-236
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• 2005

This paper is study about emotional Interactive avatar in cellular phone. When user ask what he want to the avatar, it answer with facial expression based on animation Charac- ter. So the user can approach more friendly to the avatar.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2005.05a
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• pp.113-115
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• 2005

This thesis presents a method for 3D modeling of facial expression from frontal and mirror-reflected multi-image. Since the proposed system uses only one camera, two mirrors, and simple mirror's property, it is robust, accurate and inexpensive. In addition, we can avoid the problem of synchronization between data among different cameras. Mirrors located near one's cheeks can reflect the side views of markers on one's face. To optimize our system, we must select feature points of face intimately associated with human's emotions. Therefore we refer to the FDP (Facial Definition Parameters) and FAP (Facial Animation Parameters) defined by MPEG-4 SNHC (Synlhetic/Natural Hybrid Coding). We put colorful dot markers on selected feature points of face to detect movement of facial deformation when subject makes variety expressions. Before computing the 3D coordinates of extracted facial feature points, we properly grouped these points according to relative part. This makes our matching process automatically. We experiment on about twenty koreans the subject of our experiment in their late twenties and early thirties. Finally, we verify the performance of the proposed method tv simulating an animation of 3D facial expression.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2000.11d
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• pp.227-230
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• 2000

The sign-language can be used as an auxiliary communication means between avatars of different languages in cyberspace. At that time, an intelligent communication method can also be utilized to achieve real-time communication, where intelligently coded data (joint angles for arm gestures and action units for facial emotions) are transmitted instead of real pictures. In this paper, a method of generating the facial gesture CG animation on different avatar models is provided. At first, to edit emotional expressions efficiently, a comic-style facial model having only eyebrows, eyes, nose, and mouth is employed. Then generation of facial emotion animation with the parameters is also investigated. Experimental results show a possibility that the method could be used for the intelligent avatar communications between Korean and Japanese.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.147-155
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• 2005

In this paper, we present a FAES(a Facial Animation with Emotion and Speech) system for speech-driven face animation with emotions. We animate face cartoons not only from input speech, but also based on emotions derived from speech signal. And also our system can ensure smooth transitions and exact representation in animation. To do this, after collecting the training data, we have made the database using SVM(Support Vector Machine) to recognize four different categories of emotions: neutral, dislike, fear and surprise. So that, we can make the system for speech-driven animation with emotions. Also, we trained on Korean young person and focused on only Korean emotional face expressions. Experimental results of our system demonstrate that more emotional areas expanded and the accuracies of the emotional recognition and the continuous speech recognition are respectively increased 7% and 5% more compared with the previous method.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.804-814
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• 2009

In this paper, a novel system for avatar motion controlling by tracking face is presented. The system is composed of three main parts: firstly, LCS (Local Cluster Searching) method based face feature detection algorithm, secondly, HMM based feature points recognition algorithm, and finally, avatar controlling and animation generation algorithm. In LCS method, face region can be divided into many small piece regions in horizontal and vertical direction. Then the method will judge each cross point that if it is an object point, edge point or the background point. The HMM method will distinguish the mouth, eyes, nose etc. from these feature points. Based on the detected facial feature points, the 3D avatar is controlled by two ways: avatar orientation and animation, the avatar orientation controlling information can be acquired by analyzing facial geometric information; avatar animation can be generated from the face feature points smoothly. And finally for evaluating performance of the developed system, we implement the system on Window XP OS, the results show that the system can have an excellent performance.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.90-98
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• 2010

This paper describes methodology which enables user in order to generate facial expression animation of caricature which applies a facial motion data in the vector based caricature. This method which sees was embodied with the plug-in of illustrator. And It is equipping the user interface of separate way. The data which is used in experiment attaches 28 small-sized markers in important muscular part of the actor face and captured the multiple many expression which is various with Facial Tracker. The caricature was produced in the bezier curve form which has a respectively control point from location of the important marker which attaches in the face of the actor when motion capturing to connection with motion data and the region which is identical. The facial motion data compares in the caricature and the spatial scale went through a motion calibration process too because of size. And with the user letting the control did possibly at any time. In order connecting the caricature and the markers also, we did possibly with the click the corresponding region of the caricature, after the user selects each name of the face region from the menu. Finally, this paper used a user interface of illustrator and in order for the caricature facial expression animation generation which applies a facial motion data in the vector based caricature to be possible.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Design Studies Conference
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• 2002.11b
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• pp.150-151
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• 2002

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.120-133
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• 2008

This paper presents a novel approach for facial motion tracking and facial expression cloning to create a realistic facial animation of a 3D avatar. The exact head pose estimation and facial expression tracking are critical issues that must be solved when developing vision-based computer animation. In this paper, we deal with these two problems. The proposed approach consists of two phases: dynamic head pose estimation and facial expression cloning. The dynamic head pose estimation can robustly estimate a 3D head pose from input video images. Given an initial reference template of a face image and the corresponding 3D head pose, the full head motion is recovered by projecting a cylindrical head model onto the face image. It is possible to recover the head pose regardless of light variations and self-occlusion by updating the template dynamically. In the phase of synthesizing the facial expression, the variations of the major facial feature points of the face images are tracked by using optical flow and the variations are retargeted to the 3D face model. At the same time, we exploit the RBF (Radial Basis Function) to deform the local area of the face model around the major feature points. Consequently, facial expression synthesis is done by directly tracking the variations of the major feature points and indirectly estimating the variations of the regional feature points. From the experiments, we can prove that the proposed vision-based facial expression cloning method automatically estimates the 3D head pose and produces realistic 3D facial expressions in real time.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2011.05a
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• pp.51-52
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• 2011

We introduce a novel complete framework for contructing realistic facial animations given just one facial photo as an input in this paper. Our approach is carried on in 2D photo spacem not 3D space. Moreover, we utilize computer vision-based technique (digital matting) as well as conventional image processing methods (image warping and texture synthesis) for expressing more realistic facial animations. Simulated results show that our scheme produces high quality facial animations very efficiently.