• 감성과학
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.23-28
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• 2004

한국인 20대 여성 얼굴의 DB에서 얼굴의 물리적 특징을 고루 반영하는 대표적인 얼굴들을 선정하고 감성 및 미모 평정을 실시하여 아름다운 얼굴의 감성 특징을 파악하였다. 연구 1에서는 얼굴 감성 평정을 요인 분석하였으며, 그 결과 두 개의 요인으로 전체 변량의 약 65%를 설명할 수 있었다. 이들 두 요인은 각각 샤프(sharp) 요인과 소프트(soft) 요인으로 명명되었다. 연구 2에서는 각 얼굴들에 대해 감성 평정과 미모 평정을 실시하고 둘 간의 상관을 내보았는데, 얼굴 미모는 소프트한 느낌보다는 샤프한 느낌과 상관이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 연구 3에서는 얼굴 합성법을 이용하여 합성 이미지에 대해 미모 평정과 감성 평정을 실시하였다. 그 결과 미인들을 평균한 '상위 평균' 이미지가 '전체 평균' 이미지보다 아름답다고 평가되었으며, 그보다는 약하지만 '상위 평균' 이미지를 과장한 '상위 + 50' 이미지가 '상위 평균' 이미지보다 더 아름답다고 평가되었다. 감성 평정 결과, 전반적으로 '전체 평균' 이미지는 소프트한 느낌을, '상위 평균' 이미지는 샤프한 느낌을 지니고 있는 것으로 나타났으며, '상위 + 50' 이미지는 양쪽 느낌을 고루 지니고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과는 아름다운 얼굴이 감성적 특징과 연결될 수 있는 독특한 물리적 특징을 지니고 있으며 이 물리적 특징의 과장이 이중적인 감성 특징을 유발하고 더 아름답게 평정될 수 있음을 시사한다.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.86-95
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• 2009

Objectives: This study aimed to examine the difference of external appearance measurements in subjects of different regional lineages as subgroups within the Tae-eumin Sasang grouping. Methods: We chose 51 Tae-eumin subjects diagnosed by Korean Sasang constitutional medical doctors aided by voice analysis. The subjects were divided into two groups, the northern and southern lineages, by an expert on facial characteristics of the two lineages. We took pictures of their frontal and lateral views by Martin's method, measured projected length of face with the Facial Feature Measurement Program, and analyzed anthropometric facial differences between the northern and southern types. Results: Results show differences between the northern and southern types. First, the northern type of face has bigger measurements than the southern type on the frontal face. Second, the northern type of face has higher measurements of "height", which means distance from pupil to a specific measurement point, than the southern type on the frontal face. Third, on the frontal face, the northern and southern types have differences with respect to eyebrow, point of sellion, and eye. Fourth, on the side face, the northern and southern types have differences in lip, mandible and ear. Conclusions: We found our anthropometric facial measurements of the northern and southern lineages to be in accordance with previous literature. Knowledge of the differences between the northern and southern lineages can be a hint in constitutional diagnosis when differentiation is clinically confusing.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.198-203
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• 2019

Background Professional affiliation between medical centers and professional sports teams can be mutually beneficial in the provision of healthcare and marketing strategy. Anecdotal evidence suggests a link between trauma volume and sporting events; however, there is limited data. This study aims to characterize the incidence of operative hand and facial trauma during professional baseball home games. Methods A retrospective review of surgical cases for traumatic hand or facial injuries at a level 1 center between 1999 and 2012 was performed. Demographic information including date of injury, admission status, and operative repair were collected. Patients were grouped based on whether their trauma occurred on the date of a home game. Results Operative hand and facial trauma occurred at a rate of 33.4 injuries per 100 days with home games, compared to 22.2 injuries per 100 days (incidence rate ratios, 1.50; 95% confidence interval, 1.34-1.69). When home games were played, patients were more likely to present as a result of motorcycle accidents (3.1% vs. 1.5%; P=0.04) or bicycle accidents (5.0% vs. 2.6%; P=0.01). Other mechanisms of trauma were not statistically different. There was an increase incidence of injuries during home games in August; weekly variability showed an increased incidence during the weekends. Conclusions There was an increased rate of operative hand and facial injuries on dates with professional home games. The incidence of injuries during home games was higher in the late summer and on the weekends. Further analysis may allow improved resource allocation and strategies for injury prevention and treatment.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.249-256
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• 2021

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the postoperative anteroposterior stability and improvements in facial asymmetry after performing LeFort I osteotomy in the maxilla, sagittal split ramus osteotomy (SSRO) and intraoral vertical ramus osteotomy (IVRO) in the mandible, and lateral corticectomy on the IVRO side. Materials and Methods: From July 2009 to October 2018, a retrospective analysis was performed on 11 subjects. Lateral cephalometric radiograph was performed preoperatively (T0), postoperatively (T1), and at 12 months of follow-up (T2), and the B point distance was measured. Posteroanterior cephalometric radiograph was performed preoperatively (S0) and at 12 months of follow-up (S1) and was used to measure five indicators (Ag angle, M-Ag, Co-Ag, Co-Me, and Ag-Me) of facial asymmetry. Results: The B point distances for T0 and T1 were significantly different (P=0.007), whereas those for T1 and T2 were not significantly different (P=0.1). In addition, there was a significant difference between the B point distances of T2 and T0 (P=0.026). Comparison of the facial asymmetry indicators before and after surgery showed a significant difference for all indicators between S0 and S1: the P-values of Ag angle, M-Ag, Co-Ag, Co-Me, and Ag-Me were 0.003, 0.003, 0.008, 0.006, and 0.004, respectively. The Z value was based on negative ranks. Conclusion: There was no significant difference in the B point distances from postoperation to the 12-month follow-up. However, there were significant differences in all five indicators related to facial asymmetry before and after surgery. The values for the five indicators of facial asymmetry all increased postoperatively.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.33-39
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• 2019

Objectives : The pores are the openings of sebaceous glands or apocrine glands. They are enlarged by various factors such as sex, age, genetic influence, sebum secretion, acne and so on. When the pores are visually recognizable, they become aesthetically problematic. There are various methods of treating pores, but we have tried to develop a method to reduce pore size by using daily cleanser. Methods : Facial skin examination was performed on 104 students of A university. Among them, 10 persons with large pore size were selected. We surveyed 72 students to determine their subjective skin condition, lifestyle, and washing habits etc. We made herbal fermented soaps using Seosiokyongsan and distributed them to experiment participants. We let them wash their face in the morning and evening for 6 weeks using herbal fermented soap. Prior to the experiment, their skin condition was checked and assessed using A-ONE Smart One-Click Automatic Facial Diagnosis System three times at 3-week intervals. After the experiment, the changes of skin were measured and analyzed through facial analysis test. Results : In our experiment, the early 20s, 9.6% of the students had slightly larger pores. For students with large pores, there was a high likelihood of side effects from using facial products. Using the fermented soap made of Seosiokyongsan, the average size of the pores and the number of large-sized pores were significantly reduced. Conclusion : Seosiokyongsan fermented soap can effectively reduce especially the large size of pores.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.58-72
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• 2023

Objectives The purpose of this study is to analyze the latest clinical trends in peripheral facial nerve palsy pediatric and adolescent patients who treated in Korean medicine hospital. Methods The study was conducted based on 185 cases of pediatric and adolescent patients with peripheral facial nerve paralysis who visited Korean medicine hospital from January 2017 to June 2022. Results The mean age of onset of facial nerve paralysis in children and adolescents was 11.7 years, and the incidence rate was higher in boys than in girls. The seasonal distribution was the most common in autumn, and 91.4% were diagnosed with Bell's palsy. The recurrence rate was 7.6%. The severity was evaluated on the House-Brackmann Grading System (HBGS) scale, and the most common was Grade III. It took an average of 6.5 days from the date of onset to visit the hospital, and 75.7% visited the hospital within a week from the date of onset. Hospitalized treatment was 69.2%. The higher the HBGS grade, the more hospitalized treatment was, and the total number of treatments and the duration of treatment tended to increase. The average treatment period from the first visit date was 119.6 days. 17.8% received only Korean medicine treatment, and 69.2% took Western medicine with herbal medicine. Conclusions In this study, there was a difference in the average treatment period from previous studies according to the study period setting. Long-term studies on the recovery rate and prognosis of pediatric facial paralysis are needed.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.163-173
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• 2005

본 연구는 안면비대칭 환자에서 경조직의 비대칭 정도와 연조직 비대칭 정도의 차이를 3차원적으로 밝히고자 시행되었다. 안면비대칭으로 보이는 성인 남녀 34명을 대상으로 두경부 전산단층사진을 촬영하고 3차원 입체영상으로 재구성한 후 기준평면에 대해 비대칭을 나타내는 5개의 계측항목을 경조직에 설정하고, 이에 대응하는 연조직 계측항목을 각각 설정한 후 3차원 계측을 시행하고 경조직과 연조직의 계측항목간 차이를 비교하였다. 이부편위측과 반대측간의 계측치 차이를 비교한 결과, 경조직과 연조직 모두에서 좌우측 계측치간에 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 관찰되었으며 경조직과 연조직의 비대칭 계측항목을 비교한 결과, 6개의 계측항목 모두에서 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 나타내었다. 이부편위를 나타내는 chin deviation, 하악지와 하악골체를 나타내는 frontal ramal inclination difference, frontal corpus inclination difference 항목은 경조직의 비대칭 정도에 비하여 연조직 비대칭 정도가 작게 나타난 반면, 입술경사를 나타내는 lip cheilion height difference, lip canting은 maxillary height difference, occlusal plane canting보다 크게 나타나 입술부위의 비대칭 정도는 하부 경조직의 비대칭 정도보다 큰 것으로 나타났다. 안면비대칭자에서 경조직과 연조직간 비대칭 정도 차이를 규명한 본 연구 결과는 안면비대칭 평가 시 경조직 외에 연조직 계측항목을 이용한 비대칭 분석도 필요함을 시사하였다.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.891-904
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• 1997

현대 교정의 치료 목표는 기능 교합과 안모의 심미성에 있다고 하겠으나 이중 심미적 외모에 대한 중요성은 시대의 흐름에 따라 점차 증가하고 있다. 이런 상황에서 경조직과 연조직의 성장과 발육에 대한 지식은 필수적이라 하겠다. 이전의 연구는 주로 두부방사선적 연구를 통한 골격적 분석에 치중하여 왔다. 하지만 안모의 심미성에 관해 중요한 역할을 하는 악안면 연조직은 하부경조직의 영향을 받지만 긴밀한 연관 관계를 구하기는 어렵다는 연구들이 근래에 보고되었다. 이에 본 저자는 성장기 한국인 3-11세 아동 중에 전신 질환이 없고 발육 상태가 양호하며 교합 상태가 정상인 남자 137명과 여자 106명을 대상으로 만 2년간 두부 방사선 사진을 채득하여 연조직의 분석을 facial form, lip position & posture, Nose, Thickness의 4 부분으로 나누어 성장과의 관계를 연구한바 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었기에 보고하는 바이다. 1. Facial Form Facial convexity가 남자 아동에 있어서 약간의 증가량을 보였는데 이는 A-Sn의 증가율이 남자 아동에서 큰 것과 관련이 있는 듯하다. 또한 안면 하방 구조가 시간이 지남에 따라 상방 구조보다 더 많은 성장이 일어났다. 2. Lip position and posture Nasolabial angle은 연령에 따라 큰 변화가 없는 것으로 보이며 이 평균값은 남자 93.11, 여자 97.56으로 서양인의 102보다는 예각을 보였으며 Esthetic line에 대한 돌출도는 대체로 큰 변화가 없었다. 남자 아동이 여자 아동보다 입술의 돌출도가 더 큰 값을 보였는데 이는 심미적 이유로 발치를 고려할 때 차이를 보일 수 있는 결과라고 하겠다. 상악 전치의 노출도는 남녀 공히 2-3mm의 값을 보였다. 3. Nose 비저의 절대적 길이는 성장에 따라 증가하는데 비해 Sn-N'-Pn은 연령 증가의 변화가 없었는데 이는 코의 성장이 전하방으로 이루어지기 때문이다. 4. Thickness A-Sn의 길이는 남녀 아동에 있어서 연령에 따라 증가하였는데 그중 남자 아동에 있어서 변화폭이 컸다. 상순 후경과 하순 후경 역시 연령에 따라 증가하였으나 Pogonion의 연조직 두께는 큰 차이를 보이지 않았는데 이는 다른 연구 결과와 유사한 결과이다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제13권12호
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• pp.70-80
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• 2013

본 연구의 목적은 열굴 표정의 감정표현에 따른 어린이의 시각적 인지반응을 연구, 분석하고 각각의 감정표현에서 나타나는 남녀어린이의 언어적 반응을 살펴봄으로써 인물표정연구의 기초자료로 활용되는데 그 의미를 두었다. 연구대상은 제시된 연구도구를 이해할 수 있는 6~8세 어린이 108명(남 55명, 여53명)으로 하였으며, 2차에 걸쳐 실시한 반응조사는 어린이의 개별면접과 자기기입식 설문지를 통한 자료수집방식을 활용하였다. 설문에 활용한 연구도구는 남녀어린이의 구체적이고 정확한 반응을 도출할 수 있는 기쁨, 슬픔, 화남, 놀람, 혐오감, 공포감 등 6가지 유형으로 구분하였다. 어린이의 시각적 인지반응결과에서 남녀어린이 모두 기쁨, 슬픔, 화남, 놀란 표정에 대한 빈도수가 높게 나타났으며, 공포감과 혐오감을 느끼는 얼굴표정에 대한 빈도수는 남녀어린이 모두 낮게 나타났다. 언어적 반응은 기쁨, 슬픔, 화남, 놀람, 혐오감, 공포감 모두 얼굴표정에서 연상되는 인상적인 부분을 찾아 대답하거나 얼굴표정의 시각적 특징을 기초로 추론하거나 탐구하는 발견적 반응이 높게 나타났으며, 놀람과 혐오감, 공포감에서 얼굴표정을 보고 연상되는 새로운 이야기를 만들어 내는 상상적 반응이 나타났다.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제41권
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• pp.57.1-57.8
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• 2019

Background: The relationship between the lateral deviation of chin and the upper and middle facial third asymmetry is still controversial. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the correlation of upper and middle facial third asymmetry with lateral deviation of chin using 3-dimensional computed tomography. The study was conducted on patients who underwent orthognathic surgery from January 2016 to August 2017. A total of 40 patients were included in this retrospective study. A spiral scanner was used to obtain the 3-dimensional computed tomography scans. The landmarks were assigned on the reconstructed 3-dimensional images, and their locations were verified on the axial, midsagittal, and coronal slices. The Pearson correlation analysis was performed to evaluate the correlation between chin deviation and difference between the measurements of distances in paired craniofacial structures. Statistical analysis was performed at a significance level of 5%. Results: In mandible, the degree of chin deviation was correlated with the mandibular length and mandibular body length. Mandibular length and mandibular body length are shorter on the deviated-chin side compared to that on the non-deviated side (mandibular length, r = -0.897, p value < 0.001; mandibular body length, r = -0.318, p value = 0.045). In the upper and middle facial thirds, the degree of chin deviation was correlated with the vertical asymmetry of the glenoid fossa and zygonion. Glenoid fossa and zygonion are superior on the deviated-chin side than on the non-deviated side (glenoid fossa, r = 0.317, p value = 0.046; zygonion, r = 0.357, p value = 0.024). Conclusion: Lateral deviation of chin is correlated with upper and middle facial third asymmetry as well as lower facial third asymmetry. As a result, treatment planning in patients with chin deviation should involve a careful evaluation of the asymmetry of the upper and middle facial thirds to ensure complete patient satisfaction.