• Journal of Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.413-423
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• 1994

The purpose of this study was to clarify the spatial relationship in presurgical examination and to aid surgical planning and postoperative evaluation of patients with facial bone injury. For this study, three-dimensional images of facial bone fracture were reconstructed by computed image analysis system and three-dimensional reconstructive program integrated in computed tomography. The obtained results were as follows: 1. Serial conventional computed tomograms were value in accurately depicting the facial bone injuries and three-dimensional reconstructive images demonstrated an overall look. 2. The degree of deterioration of spatial resolution was proportional to the thickness of the slice. 3. Facial bone fractures were the most distinctly demonstrated on inferoanterior views of three-dimensional reconstructive images. 4. Although three-dimensional reconstructive images made diagnosis of fracture lines, it was difficult to identify maxillary fractures. 5. The diagnosis of zygomatic fractures could be made equally well with computed image analysis system and three-dimensional reconstructive program integrated in computed tomography. 6. The diagnosis of mandibular fractures could be made equally well with computed image analysis system and three-dimensional reconstructive program integrated in computed tomography.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.25 no.7
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• pp.964-972
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• 2022

The Uncanny Valley phenomenon has already been deemed as theoretical, and the characteristics of game character expression elements for the Uncanny Valley phenomenon were recognized through case analysis as well. By theoretical consideration and case studies, it was found out that the influential elements of the Uncanny Valley phenomenon can be classified as two primary factors: character surface treatment and facial expression animation. The prepared experimental materials and adjectives were measured to be Five-Point Likert Scale. The measured results were evaluated for both influence and comparative analysis through essential statistical analysis and Repeated Measuring ANOVA in SPSS. The conclusions which were drawn from this research are as follows: The surface treatment of characters did not substantially affect the Uncanny Valley phenomenon. Instead, character's expression animation had a significant impact on the Uncanny Valley phenomenon, which also led to another conclusion that the facial expression animation had an overall deeper impact on Uncanny Valley phenomenon compared with character's surface treatment. It was the unnatural facial expression animation that controlled all of the independent variables and also caused the Uncanny Valley phenomenon. In order for game characters to evade the Uncanny Valley phenomenon and enhance game immersion, the facial expression animation of the character must be done spontaneously.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.253-260
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• 2015

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the facial dimensions of young adult women with a preferred facial appearance and compare the results with those from the general population. Methods: Twenty-five linear, nine angular, and three area measurements were made and four ratios were calculated using a sample of standardized frontal and lateral photographs of 46 young adult women with a preferred facial appearance (Miss Korea group) and 44 young adult women from the general population (control group). Differences between the two groups were analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). Results: Compared with the control group, the Miss Korea group exhibited a significantly greater facial height, total facial height (TFH; trichion-menton), facial width (tragus right-tragus left), facial depth (tragus-true vertical line), and trichion-nasion/TFH ratio and smaller subnasale-menton/TFH and facial width/TFH ratios. Furthermore, the control group had smaller intercanthal and interpupillary widths. Conclusions: The Miss Korea group exhibited longer, wider, and deeper faces compared with those from the general population. Furthermore, the Miss Korea group had larger eyes, longer but less protruded noses, longer and more retruded lower lips and chins, larger lip vermilion areas, and smaller labiomental angles. These results suggest that the latest trends in facial esthetics should be considered during diagnosis and treatment planning for young women with dentofacial abnormalities.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.233-241
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• 2021

Purpose: The medical community has been heavily impacted by the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. The management of facial trauma patients has been affected by the patient capacity of emergency rooms. In this study, we share our experiences of facial trauma management during the social lockdown period and investigate the epidemiological changes in facial bone fractures. Methods: A total of 997 patients who presented to Ajou University Hospital Emergency Center and were evaluated by plastic or maxillofacial surgeons for facial trauma were included in this retrospective study. Our study design was a comparative study of two groups: the 2019 group (control) and the 2020 group (the experimental group that experienced social lockdown). Results: The total number of emergency room inpatients reflected the national pandemic trends with three peaks in patient numbers. According to these trends, facial bone fractures had two different low points in August 2020 and December 2020. A comparison of the 2019 and 2020 facial bone fractures did not show a statistically significant difference in the total number of patients. An analysis of the causes of trauma showed that domestic accidents increased in 2020 (30.92%; p<0.001). Among the anatomical sites of facial injury in surgical patients, the frontozygomatic complex fracture increased the most in 2020 (p=0.018). Facial injuries with two separate sites of injury or with three or more involved sites also showed a significant increase in 2020 (p<0.001). Conclusions: We demonstrated that the incidence of facial trauma patients correlated with the incidence of patients presenting to the emergency department and that facial trauma is inextricably related to multi-trauma cases. Domestic accidents and facial trauma with multiple anatomically involved sites are increasing trends that need more attention.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.14 no.7
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• pp.801-806
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• 2004

Although the technology for emotion recognition is important one which demanded in various fields, it still remains as the unsolved problem. Especially, it needs to develop the algorithm based on human facial image. In this paper, we propose the facial image analysis algorithm for emotion recognition. The proposed algorithm is composed as the facial image extraction algorithm and the facial component extraction algorithm. In order to have robust performance under various illumination conditions, the fuzzy color filter is proposed in facial image extraction algorithm. In facial component extraction algorithm, the virtual face model is used to give information for high accuracy analysis. Finally, the simulations are given in order to check and evaluate the performance.

• Journal of Technologic Dentistry
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.27-39
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• 2005

This study is to show the qualitative analytic methods of facial asymmetry with three-dimensional morphometry and find out asymmetry change resulted from enlarging three local regions. Steel balls (1.2mm in diameter) were attached in twenty seven landmarks of a symmetrical artificial human skull. This artificial human skull was used as experimental materials. Twelve different asymmetrical artificial human skulls were formed by gradually enlarging the mandibular body length, gonial angle, and ramus height of the left hemiface. From the three-dimensional morphometry of each skull type, nine local area measurements and three total sum area measurements(representing the mandibular area, maxillary area, and lower facial area) were acquired and made into the surface area asymmetry degree. Menton deviation itself was used as the surface area asymmetry degree while right-left percentages were used in the other measurements. These surface area asymmetry degrees were compared with each other to find out asymmetry change according to the degree of actual facial asymmetry. Through the statistical analysis, following results were obtained. The results were as follows: 1. Left maxillary area of artificial human skull was 7.13$\pm$0.26% larger while mandibular area was 4.14$\pm$0.12% smaller than each those of right hemiface. After all, left lower facial area was 1.44$\pm$0.07% larger than those of right hemiface.(n=7). 2. Among the reduce rates of surface area asymmetry degree resulted from enlarging three local regions, ramus height was similar to mandibular body length while it was bigger than those of gonial angle. 3. Among the increase rates of menton deviation resulted from enlarging the local regions, ramus height was the biggest, mandibular body length was the second and gonial angle was the smallest. These results suggest that three-dimensional morphometry can be used to qualitatively analyse facial asymmetry and the asymmetry degree is more influenced by enlarging the ramus height, mandibular body length than those of gonial angle.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.1057-1061
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• 2008

For the purpose of investigating the reasonable logics contained in physiognomy of east and old western medicine. hypothetical researches based on hydromechanics theory were performed concerning facial types of form and pathologic features, especially 4 types of Dr. Jisan-Essence, Qi energy. Emotional Activity and Blood(EQAB). In order to infer the functional relation between facial type forming and EQAB factors, EQAB were supposed as fluid grounded on their continual flowing or periodical change and pressure effect from its congestion. and a premise that there's a linear corresponding relationship between the appearance of organ and its physical conditions of its inner vessels is formed too. Through this work, the unit fluid model(UFM) of Essence can be assumed as circle shape formed by the high viscosity and surface tension, the UFM model of Qi energy as quadrangular shape by the scattering features to outer four directions, and the UFM of emotional activity as inverted triangular shape by the flippant and uprising features, and the UFM of blood as ellipsoid triangle by the heavy and descending features in spite of circulation. The shapes made from each UFM are reproduced in the process of human development and manifest respective facial shape through the self-reproduction method like fractal theory in the last. Conclusively. it is said that the facial form analysis method like EQAB type theory can be the useful methodology to understand the human pathological and physiological features in view of hydromechanics.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.47-55
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• 1994

To investigate the reliability and reproducibility of the computerized cephalometric analysis system, se compared the differences of the 10 linear and 13 angular measurements by manual works and the use of computerized cephalometric analysis system. We obtained as follows : 1. There was not significant difference between maean values of 22 manual and computerized measurements. 2. There was not significant difference between mean differences of manual and computerized cephalometric analysis data taken by same examiner except facial depth, facial length and posterior facial height. 3. There was not significant difference between mean differences of two trials of the computerized cephalometric analysis data by same examiner in all measurements. 4. There was not significant difference between mean differences of the computerized cephalometric analysis data by two examiners except FMIA and IMPA. According to this result, we guess the use of computerized cephalometric analysis system is useful on diagnosis and treatment planning of othodontic patients.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Broadcast Engineers Conference
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• 2009.01a
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• pp.689-694
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• 2009

We developed a facial image generating technique that can manipulate facial impressions. The present study applied this impression transferring method to higher-order impressions such as "elegance" or "attractiveness" and confirmed the psychological validity of this method using the semantic differential method. Subsequently, we applied this method to two types of cognitive experiments. First, we examined the contributions of texture and shape on the facial impressions by using those face images for which the impressions have already been quantitatively manipulated based on this method. Second, we used such stimuli to examine the effect of facial impressions and attractiveness on the "mere exposure effect." Thus, we concluded that the impression transfer vector method is an effective tool to quantitatively manipulate the facial impressions in various cognitive studies.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.248-254
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• 2023

This study aims to measure the skin rigidity of different facial areas among Koreans and propose guidelines for each area's skin rigidity that can be applied with a facial robot for testing respiratory protective devices. The facial skin rigidity of 40 participants, which included 20 men and 20 women, aged 20 to 50, was analyzed. The rigidity measurement was conducted in 13 facial areas, including six areas in contact with the mask and seven non-contact areas, by referring to the facial measurement guidelines of Size Korea. The facial rigidity was measured using the Durometer RX-1600-OO while in a supine position. The measurement procedure involved contacting the durometer vertically with the reference point, repeating the measurement of the same area five times, and using the average of three values whose variability was between 0.4 and 4.2 Shore OO. The rigidity data analysis used precision analysis, descriptive statistics analysis, and mixed-effect ANOVA. The analysis confirmed the rigidity of the 13 measurement areas, with the highest rigidity of the face being at the nose and forehead points, with values of 51.2 and 50.8, respectively, and the lowest rigidity being at the chin and center of the cheek points, with values of 19.2 and 20.7, respectively. Significant differences between gender groups were observed in four areas: the tip of the nose, the point below the chin, the area below the lower jaw, and the inner concha.