• 대한구순구개열학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.85-92
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• 2010

Vascular malformations (VMs) in the head and neck region are present at birth and grow commensurately with the child, they can result in significant cosmetic problems for the patient, and some may lead to even serious life threatening hemorrhage. Although the molecular mechanisms underlying the formation of these VMs remain unclear, lesions are known to result from abnormal development and morphogenesis. Histologically, there are no evidence of cellular proliferation, but rather progressive dilatation of abnormal channels, which VMs are designated to their prominent channel types such as capillary, venous, lymphatic, arterial, and combined malformations. VMs with an arterial component are rheologically fast-flow, whereas capillary, lymphatic, and venous components are slow-flow. In this article, we review the clinical presentations, diagnosis, and management of VMs of facial regions with author's embolization and surgical treatment cases.

• 대한두개안면성형외과학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.75-80
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• 2011

Deformities related with cleft lip are not only limited to the cleft site but also extended to all around the nasolabial region. Facial development is composed of several complex processes as the formation, migration, coalescence and interaction of separate fields. When there is a cleft event, it means there are general problems of those processes. As a result facial elements should have displacement, deformation and functional hypotrophy. These also affect the mucocutaneous structures, which result in the typical deformities of cleft lip. Traditional surgical methods are not sufficient of the correction of functional impairments in the cleft lip. Accordingly, there are relatively high possibilities of occurring secondary deformities. The Delaire's method focuses on repair of functional impairment of the cleft. Consequently, it can maintain the initial good surgical result and avoid the unnecessary incision scar. And this method can minimize secondary nasal deformities which can reduce the risk of additional nasal correction. Therefore authors introduce this advantageous the Delaire technique cheliolplasty which it can be widely used for the cleft lip correction in Korea.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.319-331
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• 2022

The latest global COVID-19 pandemic has made the use of facial masks an important aspect of our lives. People are advised to cover their faces in public spaces to discourage illness from spreading. Using these face masks posed a significant concern about the exactness of the face identification method used to search and unlock telephones at the school/office. Many companies have already built the requisite data in-house to incorporate such a scheme, using face recognition as an authentication. Unfortunately, veiled faces hinder the detection and acknowledgment of these facial identity schemes and seek to invalidate the internal data collection. Biometric systems that use the face as authentication cause problems with detection or recognition (face or persons). In this research, a novel model has been developed to detect and recognize faces and persons for authentication using scale invariant features (SIFT) for the whole segmented face with an efficient local binary texture features (DLBP) in region of eyes in the masked face. The Fuzzy C means is utilized to segment the image. These mixed features are trained significantly in a convolution neural network (CNN) model. The main advantage of this model is that can detect and recognizing faces by assigning weights to the selected features aimed to grant or provoke permissions with high accuracy.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.343-366
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• 1988

Craniofacial complex is influenced by numerical skeletal elements. Though the analysis of growth change has been done by various analytical methods, it was dependent on any method of registration and superimposition, based on reference plane and reference point. However, the craniofacial growth is composed of a number of local growth elements. Therefore, it will be necessary to use a clinically useful method for estimating craniofacial skeletal growth independently. The author analysed longitudinal cephalometric roentgenogram of 15 Korean males and 15 Korean females aged from 6 to 12 years by the finite element method and results were as follows : 1. The finite element method for craniofacial skeletal complex and soft tissue made it possible to analyze the independent local growth. 2. Regression equations from the value of each strain will make it possible to predict the craniofacial growth. 3. The growth of anterior cranial base was different from that of other facial bone. 4. The growth of posterior cranial base influenced the growth of upper pharyngeal region, midfacial region, maxilla and posterior region of mandible. 5. The growth of maxillary complex was vertical rather than horizontal. 6. The growth direction of ramus, mandibular body, alveolar bone was various. 7. The relation between hard tissue and soft tissue by finite element method was variant.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 1999년도 하계종합학술대회 논문집
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• pp.583-586
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• 1999

In this paper, the wavelet transform is performed in the input 256$\times$256 color image and decomposes a image into low-pass and high-pass components. Since the high-pass band contains the components of three directions, edges are detected by combining three parts. After finding the position of face using the histogram of the edge component, a face region in low-pass band is cut off. Since RGB color image is sensitively affected by luminances, the image of low pass component is normalized, and a facial region is detected using face color informations. As the wavelet transform decomposes the detected face region into three layer, the dimension of input image is reduced. In this paper, we use the 3000 images of 10 persons, and KL transform is applied in order to classify face vectors effectively. FCM(Fuzzy C-Means) algorithm classifies face vectors with similar features into the same cluster. In this case, the number of cluster is equal to that of person, and the mean vector of each cluster is used as a codebook. We verify the system performance of the proposed algorithm by the experiments. The recognition rates of learning images and testing image is computed using correlation coefficient and Euclidean distance.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.53-56
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• 2016

$M{\ddot{o}}nckeberg$ sclerosis is a disease of unknown etiology, characterized by dystrophic calcification within the arterial tunica media of the lower extremities leading to reduced arterial compliance. Medial calcinosis does not obstruct the lumina of the arteries, and therefore does not lead to symptoms or signs of limb or organ ischemia. $M{\ddot{o}}nckeberg$ sclerosis most commonly occurs in aged and diabetic individuals and in patients on dialysis. $M{\ddot{o}}nckeberg$ arteriosclerosis is frequently observed in the visceral arteries, and it can occur in the head and neck region as well. This report describes a remarkable case of $M{\ddot{o}}nckeberg$ arteriosclerosis in the head and neck region as detected on dental imaging studies. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case that has been reported in which this condition presented in the facial vasculature. The aim of this report was to define the radiographic characteristics of $M{\ddot{o}}nckeberg$ arteriosclerosis in an effort to assist health care providers in diagnosing and managing this condition.

• 한국전자통신학회논문지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.197-202
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• 2021

현재 코로나 19 확산 방지를 위해 건물 출입 시 체온을 측정하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 출입자의 얼굴 학습 데이터를 토대로 실시간 얼굴 인식을 통해 출입 인증을 하고자 한다. 얼굴 인식률을 증가시키기 위해 학습 이미지의 수를 자동으로 라벨링 되도록 설계하였다. 또한 정확한 온도 측정을 위해 얼굴 영역에서 이마 영역을 관심 영역으로 지정하였다. 향후에는 출입자의 체온, 출입시간, 정보 등을 저장하는 DB를 구축할 계획이다.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제49권3호
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• pp.125-134
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• 2023

Objectives: The aim of the study was to quantify and compare craniofacial asymmetry in subjects with and without symptoms of temporomandibular joint disorders (TMDs). Materials and Methods: A total of 126 adult subjects were categorized into two groups (63 with a TMDs and 63 without a TMDs), based on detection of symptoms using the Temporomandibular Joint Disorder-Diagnostic Index (TMD-DI) questionnaire. Posteroanterior cephalograms of each subject were traced manually and 17 linear and angular measurements were analyzed. Craniofacial asymmetry was quantified by calculating the asymmetry index (AI) of bilateral parameters for both groups. Results: Intra- and intergroup comparisons were analyzed using independent t-test and Mann-Whitney U test, respectively, with a P<0.05 considered statistically significant. An AI for each linear and angular bilateral parameter was calculated; higher asymmetry was found in TMD-positive patients compared with TMD-negative patients. An intergroup comparison of AIs found highly significant differences for the parameters of antegonial notch to horizontal plane distance, jugular point to horizontal plane distance, antegonial notch to menton distance, antegonial notch to vertical plane distance, condylion to vertical plane distance, and angle formed by vertical plane, O point and antegonial notch. Significant deviation of the menton distance from the facial midline was also evident. Conclusion: Greater facial asymmetry was seen in the TMD-positive group compared with the TMD-negative group. The mandibular region was characterized by asymmetries of greater magnitude compared with the maxilla. Patients with facial asymmetry often require management of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) pathology to achieve a stable, functional, and esthetic result. Ignoring the TMJ during treatment or failing to provide proper management of the TMJ and performing only orthognathic surgery may result in worsening of TMJ-associated symptoms (jaw dysfunction and pain) and re-occurrence of asymmetry and malocclusion. Assessments of facial asymmetry should take into account TMJ disorders to improve diagnostic accuracy and treatment outcomes.

• 대한전자공학회논문지SP
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.23-35
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• 2002

시선 위치 추적이란 모니터상에 사용자가 쳐다보고 있는 지점을 파악해 내는 기술이다 이 논문에서는 컴퓨터 비젼 방법을 이용하여 사용자가 모니터 상에 어느 지점을 쳐다보고 있는지를 파악(시선 위치 추적)하는 새로운 방법을 제안한다. 시선위치를 파악하기 위해 본 논문에서는 얼굴 영역 및 얼굴 특징점(양 눈, 양 콧구멍, 입술 끝점 등)을 2차원 카메라 영상으로부터 추출하였으며, 이들의 움직임으로부터 카메라 보정 및 매개변수 추정 방법등을 이용하여 초기 3차원 위치를 추정해 내었다. 이후 모니터 상의 한 지점을 쳐다보기 위해 사용자가 얼굴을 움직이는 경우 이러한 얼굴의 3차원 움직임 량 역시 자동으로 추정하였다. 이로부터 변화된 얼굴 특징점의 3차원 위치를 계산해 낼 수 있었으며, 이를 바탕으로 모니터 상의 시선 위치를 구하였다. 실험 결과, 19인치 모니터상의 임의의 지점을 사용자가 쳐다보았을 때, 약 2.01인치의 시선 위치에러 성능을 얻었다.

• 한국HCI학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국HCI학회 2008년도 학술대회 1부
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• pp.540-546
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• 2008

미래에는 로봇이 사람의 감정 상태를 이해하거나 적절하게 자신의 행동을 표현하는 기능은 중요해 질 것이다. 사람간의 교류에서 메세지의 93%가 행동 표현에 있으며, 바디 랭귀지는 감정의 양을 표현하므로 행동 표현은 중요한 감정 표현 수단이다. 최근의 로봇들은 얼굴, 제스처, LED, 소리 등의 복합적 방법을 이용하여 사람과 교류하고 있지만 포즈는 위치와 방위, 얼굴이나 제스처는 속도, 말이나 색 풍은 시간에 대한 정보가 필요하기 때문에 하나의 모델로 통합하거나 동기화 시키기 어렵다. 한편 작은 세기의 감정에서, 얼굴은 쉽게 표현이 가능하지만 제스처는 표현이 힘들다. 또한 기존의 감정 경계는 같은 형태와 크기를 가지거나, HHI 분야에 국한되어 연구되어 왔다. 본 논문에서는 정서 공간에서 감정의 경계를 어떻게 정의할 것이며, 복합적 표현 방법을 시스템적으로 어떻게 동기화할 수 있을지를 제안한다.