• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.282-286
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• 2021

Recent reports have described several cases of double muscle transfers to restore natural, symmetrical smiles in patients with long-standing facial paralysis. However, these complex procedures sometimes result in cheek bulkiness owing to the double muscle transfer. We present the case of a 67-year-old woman with long-standing facial paralysis, who underwent two-stage facial reanimation using two superficial subslips of the serratus anterior muscle innervated by the masseteric and contralateral facial nerves via a sural nerve graft. Each muscle subslip was transferred to the upper lip and oral commissures, which were oriented in different directions. Furthermore, a horizontal fascia lata graft was added at the lower lip to prevent deformities such as lower lip elongation and deviation. Voluntary contraction was noted at roughly 4 months, and a spontaneous smile without biting was noted 8 months postoperatively. At 18 months after surgery, the patient demonstrated a spontaneous symmetrical smile with adequate excursion of the lower lip, upper lip, and oral commissure, without cheek bulkiness. Dual-innervated muscle transfer using two multivector superficial subslips of the serratus anterior muscle may be a good option for long-standing facial paralysis, as it can achieve a symmetrical smile that can be performed voluntarily and spontaneously.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.319-328
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• 2023

Facial nerve palsy refers to sudden, unilateral lower motor neuron facial paralysis. This study aimed to determine the importance of neck treatment in the treatment of facial paralysis. A literature search was performed on six online databases and other sources until January 15, 2023. A total of 426 papers were retrieved. After excluding duplicated and inconsistent papers, papers not including cervical treatment, and experimental papers on animals, two papers were finally selected. The type of treatment method, therapeutic effects, assessment of the risk of bias in randomized controlled trials, and non-randomized controlled trials and side effects were evaluated. Chiropractic, manual therapy, facial meridian massage, and acupotomy were applied to the face and cervical spine region. The results showed that each treatment had a significant therapeutic effect through evaluation index measurement methods, such as the visual analog scale and Yanagihara's unweighted regional grading system. This study demonstrated the importance of the cervical spine area in the treatment of facial paralysis. However, this study has many limitations. Thus, high-quality randomized controlled comparative studies on the treatment of the cervical spine area only or studies that include cervical spine area treatment as an interventional treatment while performing oriental or comprehensive treatment are needed.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.59-73
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• 2019

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to confirm and to suggest the Korean medical treatment is effective treatments to patients with facial paralysis sequelae. Methods : We conducted a survey on patients with facial paralysis sequelae who visited the facial paralysis center from August 2017 to November 2018. We then evaluated House-Brackmann Grading System(HBGS), Sunnybrook Scale(S-Scale), Visual analog scale(VAS) against those who agreed and analyzed the information through Electronic Medical Record(EMR) and Order Communication System(OCS). Results : Clinically, Korean medical treatment such as embedding therapy are effective for the facial paralysis sequelae. For the purpose of raising the level of evidence against this, research will be needed to confirm the treatment effects by comparing accurate assessment indicators that are conducted before and after the treatment. Conclusions : In order to confirm the progress of treatment of facial paralysis sequelae, evaluation indicators such as House-Brackmann Grading System and Sunnybrook Scale should be performed by experts. And after 3-4 weeks, if patients have any sequelae symptoms, it may be helpful to take treatments such as pharmacopuncture treatment and embedding therapy at intervals of 1-2 weeks depending on the symptoms or areas.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.87-94
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• 2008

Objectives : This study was to compare the effect of moxibustion therapy on peripheral facial para- lysis according to location of acupoint. Methods : We investigated 41 cases of inpatients with Peripheral Facial Paralysis, and divided them into two groups, One group was treated by moxibustion on local point(ML), and the other was treated by moxibustion on distant point(MD). We evaluated the effect of moxibustion in each group by using Gross Grading System of House-Brackmann(HB score) and Yanagihara's Unweighed Grading System(Y score). Results : 1. In ML and MD, compared with baseline, at final, HB score was significantly decreased and Y score was significantly increased. 2. At final, ML showed significant decrease on HB score and significant increase on Y score compared with MD. Conclusions : These results suggested that ML should be more useful for improving symptoms related with peripheral facial paralysis than MD.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.542-551
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a facial muscle exercise program including facial massage on the facial muscle function, subjective symptoms related to paralysis and depression in patients with facial palsy. Methods: This study was a quasi-experimental research with a non-equivalent control group non-synchronized design. Participants were 70 patients with facial palsy (experimental group 35, control group 35). For the experimental group, the facial muscular exercise program including facial massage was performed 20 minutes a day, 3 times a week for two weeks. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, ${\chi}^2$-test, Fisher's exact test and independent sample t-test with the SPSS 18.0 program. Results: Facial muscular function of the experimental group improved significantly compared to the control group. There was no significant difference in symptoms related to paralysis between the experimental group and control group. The level of depression in the experimental group was significantly lower than the control group. Conclusion: Results suggest that a facial muscle exercise program including facial massage is an effective nursing intervention to improve facial muscle function and decrease depression in patients with facial palsy.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.313-317
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• 2000

Return of facial nerve function is important in patients with facial nerve paralysis by trauma. Sometimes, delay in diagnosis of facial nerve paralysis make recovery of facial nerve function difficult. Traumatic facial palsy mostly occur after temporal bone fracture in unilateral. Temporal bone fracture after head trauma are divided into the three group; longitudinal fracture, transverse fracture and mixed fracture. The most common symptoms are hearing impairment, bloody otorrhea, loss of consciousness and facial nerve paralysis. The early care of temporal bone fracture involves facial nerve paralysis. And there has been many discussion and study in the treatment of the immediate or delayed facial palsy ; examply, surgical approach, time and methods. We have managed a patient with unilateral facial nerve paralysis after longitudinal temporal bone fracture in mastoid process and conservative facial nerve decompression was performed. We have obtained good result and report this case with review of literatures.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.179-185
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• 2010

Objectives : This study was to investigate the effectiveness of Bee Venom Pharmacopuncture therapy at Yepung($TE_{17}$) on peripheral facial paralysis. Methods : We investigated 36cases of patients with Peripheral Facial Paralysis, and devided patients into two groups : We treated one group by complex oriental medical treatment with Bee Venom Pharmacopuncture therapy at local point with Yepung(VY), and did the other group by complex oriental medical treatment with Bee Venom pharmacopuncture therapy at local point without Yepung(VL). To evaluate the effectiveness of treatment applied for two groups, we used Gross Grading System of House-Brackmann(HB score), Yanagihara's Unweighed Grading System(Y score) at baseline and final. Results : 1. In VY and VL, compared with baseline, at final, HB score was significantly decreased and Y score was significantly increased. 2. At final, VY showed significant decrease on HB score and significant increase on Y score compared with VL. Conclusions : Bee Venom Pharmacopuncture therapy at Yepung can be available for relieving symptoms related with peripheral facial paralysis.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.10-22
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• 2001

Objective : Many methods have been used for treatment of facial nerve paralysis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical difference between acupuncture therapy and acupuncture-oriental herb medicine therapy. Materials and Methods : From 05-01-2000 to 01-30-2001, 46 facial paralysis patients who were hospitalzed and treated more than five times at the Department of Acupuncture & Moxibustion of Dongguk University Bundang Oriental Medical Hospital were selected for two group. One group(A group) was treated by acupuncture therapy, the other group(B group) was treated by acupuncture and oriental herb medicine therapy. A group was composed of 15 patients and B group was 31 patients. Results and Conclusion : As the results of study, both acupuncture therapy and acupunture-oriental herb medicine therapy were usable for facial nerve paralysis treatment. But, we could not discover any available difference between acupuncture therapy group and acupuncture-oriental herb medicine therapy group.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.976-979
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of needle-embedding therapy to facial paralysis patient after acoustic neuroma surgery. The patient was treated by basic oriental medicine treatment. We evaluated the effect of Needle-Embedding Therapy by using Yanagihara's unweighted grading system and subjective satisfaction score. The final Yanagihara's score was higher than before the treatment. The patient was satisfied after Needle-Embedding Therapy. Needle-Embedding Therapy was effective against facial paralysis after acoustic neuroma surgery. Further studies will be required to identify the beneficial effect of Needle-Embedding Therapy in facial paralysis after acoustic neuroma surgery.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.187-190
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• 1996

Facial nerve palsy is not an uncommon disease encountered at the department of otolaryngology or pain clinic. It usually occurs following viral infection(Bell's palsy, BP). However, it is rare to develop bilaterally, and that not simultaneously. We experienced a rare case of bilateral facial nerve palsy. Patient first experienced left side paralysis, then right side paralysis approximately two months later. We treated the patient with serial bilateral stellate ganglion blocks(SGB). When left side paralysis improved, we performed unilatertal SGB for right side paralysis. Patient was also treated with intermittent electro-acupuncture stimulations, to right side first, then left side. Four months of treatment provided good results. This may be the first case, in Korea, of facial nerve paralysis bilaterally within a certain interval, treated with serial SGB and electro-acupuncture stimulation. However, the etiology of this bilateral BP was not fully confirmed as being a cause of viral origin.