• 인터넷정보학회논문지
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.9-19
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• 2012

디지털 콘텐츠에서 HCI로 활용되는 가상 인간은 얼굴 표정과 신체자세와 같은 모달을 이용하여 다양한 감정을 표현하지만 비언어적 다중모달의 조합에 대한 연구는 많지 않다. 감정을 표현하는 가상 인간을 제작하려면 계산 엔진 모델은 얼굴 표정과 신체자세와 같은 비언어적 모달의 조합이 사용자에 의해 어떻게 인식되는지를 고려해야 하기 때문에 본 연구는 가상 인간의 감정 표현 디자인에 필요한 비언어적 다중모달의 영향을 분석하여 제시한다. 먼저 가상 인간에 대한 다중모달 별 감정 인식을 평가하여 다른 모달간의 상대적 영향성을 분석하였다. 그리고 일치하는 얼굴과 자세 모달을 통해 기본 감정 및 정서가와 활성화 인식에 대한 영향을 평가하며 감정이 불일치하는 다중모달을 통해 일상생활에서 빈번하게 드러나는 중첩된 감정의 인식 정도를 관측하였다. 실험 결과, 가상 인간의 얼굴과 신체자세의 표정이 일치하면 감정 인식이 용이하며, 얼굴 표정으로 감정 카테고리를 판별하지만 감정의 활성화 차원 판단에는 자세 모달리티가 선호됨을 확인하였다. 본 연구 결과는 감정을 드러내는 가상 인간의 행동 동기화 및 애니메이션 엔진 시스템 구현에 활용할 수 있다.

• Industrial Engineering and Management Systems
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.20-27
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to compare the consistency of external ear measurements obtained by electronic digital caliper, photocopier scanning and digital photographic methods. Photogrammetric measurements were made after image editing software was used to optimize the brightness, contrast, size and image clarity. The CorelDRAW dimension tool was used to create a dimension line that measured the vertical and horizontal length between any two landmarks. Results of repeated measures analysis of variance revealed no significant differences in length and width of the pinna between the three methods. The reliability of the three measurement techniques showed a high degree of consistency. Further study and efforts could be extended to measurement hands, foots and facial dimensions by present techniques.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2021

이 연구의 목적은 골격성 2급 부정교합 소아·청소년의 상기도 공간을 분석하고, 이에 영향을 미치는 요인을 알아보고자 함이다. 총 67명의 골격성 2급 소아·청소년의 CBCT영상으로 연구를 진행하였다. 상기도 부피와 최소 단면적은 3차원 CBCT 영상을 통해 평가하였으며, 악안면 형태와 골 성숙도는 2차원 두부방사선사진을 통해 평가하였다. 상기도 부피 및 최소 단면적과 다양한 변수들간의 연관성이 분석되었다. 상기도 공간은 최대 성장기 이전의 환자에서 가장 작았으며, 연령과 양의 상관관계를 보였다. 상기도 부피는 전안면 고경 및 연령과, 최소 단면적은 하악 폭경 및 연령과 가장 높은 상관관계를 나타냈다. 골격성 2급 소아·청소년의 상기도 공간은 연령, 골 성숙도, 세 평면에서의 악안면 형태와 유의한 연관성을 가졌다.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.557-566
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• 1995

정상교합자의 사춘기 이후의 두개안면골 성장변화를 평가하기 위하여, 16세와 18세에 촬영한 연속 두부X선규격사진을 분석하였다. 대상은 남자 19명과 여자 14명이였으며 이들의 평균연령은 16.5세와 18.5세이였다. 관찰기간동안에 남자는 상,하악골, 두개저, 전,후방안면높이에서 통계적으로 유의한 증가가 있었으나(P<0.05), 여자에서는 하악골길이(Ar-Gn, Ar-Go) 그리고 전,후방안면높이에서만 유의한 증가가 있었다(P<0.05). 그러나 이 기간 동안 성장량은 여자에서는 전 계측항목에서 1mm이하 였으며, 남자에서는 전체 하악골길이 (Ar-Gn)는 2mm, 하악체길이 (Go-Me), 하악지길이(Ar-Go), 전,후방안면높이 (Na-Me, S-Go)는 $1mm\~1.54mm$였고, 나머지 항목은 1mm이하의 증가를 보였다. 또한 이 기간 동안에도 남자에서는 하악골평면각(SN/Mp)이 $-0.61^{\circ}$로 유의하게 감소하여 하악골의 전방으로 닫히는 변화가 있었다(p<0.01). 종합하면 본 연구기간동안에 여자는 비록 일부 항목에서 통계적으로 유의한 증가가 있었으나 그 양이 미미하여 임상적으로 그 변화를 인지할 수 없을 정도였으나 남자에서는 하악골과 관련된 부위에서 상당량의 증가가 인정되었다.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.105-112
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• 2015

Objective: A recently developed facial scanning method uses three-dimensional (3D) surface imaging with a light-emitting diode. Such scanning enables surface data to be captured in high-resolution color and at relatively fast speeds. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy and precision of 3D images obtained using the Morpheus 3D$^{(R)}$ scanner (Morpheus Co., Seoul, Korea). Methods: The sample comprised 30 subjects aged 24.34 years (mean $29.0{\pm}2.5$ years). To test the correlation between direct and 3D image measurements, 21 landmarks were labeled on the face of each subject. Sixteen direct measurements were obtained twice using digital calipers; the same measurements were then made on two sets of 3D facial images. The mean values of measurements obtained from both methods were compared. To investigate the precision, a comparison was made between two sets of measurements taken with each method. Results: When comparing the variables from both methods, five of the 16 possible anthropometric variables were found to be significantly different. However, in 12 of the 16 cases, the mean difference was under 1 mm. The average value of the differences for all variables was 0.75 mm. Precision was high in both methods, with error magnitudes under 0.5 mm. Conclusions: 3D scanning images have high levels of precision and fairly good congruence with traditional anthropometry methods, with mean differences of less than 1 mm. 3D surface imaging using the Morpheus 3D$^{(R)}$ scanner is therefore a clinically acceptable method of recording facial integumental data.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.337-344
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• 2016

Objective: This study reports on the efficacy of using traditional Korean medical treatments (herbal medicine, Shinbaro pharmacopuncture, and acupuncture) for atypical facial pain.Method: The patient was treated with herbal medicines (Chungsanggyuntong-tang and Yanghyeolgeopung-tang), acupuncture, and Shinbaro pharmacopuncture. The study was measured via the numerical rating scale (NRS) and the EuroQol five dimensions questionnaire (EQ-5D) to assess the treatments’ effectiveness.Results: After the treatments, the patient’s pain was controlled and the NRS score was decreased. The EQ-5D score also showed improvement.Conclusion: This case shows that traditional Korean medical treatments could be effective in easing the clinical symptoms of atypical facial pain.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.754-771
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• 2021

In the task of continuous dimension emotion recognition, the parts that highlight the emotional expression are not the same in each mode, and the influences of different modes on the emotional state is also different. Therefore, this paper studies the fusion of the two most important modes in emotional recognition (voice and visual expression), and proposes a two-mode dual-modal emotion recognition method combined with the attention mechanism of the improved AlexNet network. After a simple preprocessing of the audio signal and the video signal, respectively, the first step is to use the prior knowledge to realize the extraction of audio characteristics. Then, facial expression features are extracted by the improved AlexNet network. Finally, the multimodal attention mechanism is used to fuse facial expression features and audio features, and the improved loss function is used to optimize the modal missing problem, so as to improve the robustness of the model and the performance of emotion recognition. The experimental results show that the concordance coefficient of the proposed model in the two dimensions of arousal and valence (concordance correlation coefficient) were 0.729 and 0.718, respectively, which are superior to several comparative algorithms.

• International Journal of Contents
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.1-5
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• 2007

This paper proposes a technique for principal component analysis (PCA) to raise the recognition rate of a front face in a low dimension by hierarchical image and parallel processing structure. The conventional PCA shows a recognition rate of less than 50% in a low dimension (dimensions 1 to 6) when used for facial recognition. In this paper, a face is formed as images of 3 fixed-size levels: the 1st being a region around the nose, the 2nd level a region including the eyes, nose, and mouth, and the 3rd level image is the whole face. PCA of the 3-level images is treated by parallel processing structure, and finally their similarities are combined for high recognition rate in a low dimension. The proposed method under went experimental feasibility study with ORL face database for evaluation of the face recognition function. The experimental demonstration has been done by PCA and the proposed method according to each level. The proposed method showed high recognition of over 50% from dimensions 1 to 6.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제38권
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• pp.13.1-13.12
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• 2016

Background: Mandibular motion tracking system (ManMoS) has been developed for orthognathic surgery. This article aimed to introduce the ManMoS and to examine the accuracy of this system. Methods: Skeletal and dental models are reconstructed in a virtual space from the DICOM data of three-dimensional computed tomography (3D-CT) recording and the STL data of 3D scanning, respectively. The ManMoS uniquely integrates the virtual dento-skeletal model with the real motion of the dental cast mounted on the simulator, using the reference splint. Positional change of the dental cast is tracked by using the 3D motion tracking equipment and reflects on the jaw position of the virtual model in real time, generating the mixed-reality surgical simulation. ManMoS was applied for two clinical cases having a facial asymmetry. In order to assess the accuracy of the ManMoS, the positional change of the lower dental arch was compared between the virtual and real models. Results: With the measurement data of the real lower dental cast as a reference, measurement error for the whole simulation system was less than 0.32 mm. In ManMoS, the skeletal and dental asymmetries were adequately diagnosed in three dimensions. Jaw repositioning was simulated with priority given to the skeletal correction rather than the occlusal correction. In two cases, facial asymmetry was successfully improved while a normal occlusal relationship was reconstructed. Positional change measured in the virtual model did not differ significantly from that in the real model. Conclusions: It was suggested that the accuracy of the ManMoS was good enough for a clinical use. This surgical simulation system appears to meet clinical demands well and is an important facilitator of communication between orthodontists and surgeons.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.937-946
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• 1998

전치부 개교를 동반하는 수직적으로 긴 안모는 임상교정에서 치료하기 어려운 증례중 하나이다. 이런 증례의 특징을 찾기 위한 많은 시도가 있었으나 골격 및 치성 요소에 대한 개별 파악이 이루어지지 않음으로써 일관된 설명 없이 혼돈 만 초래하게 되었을 뿐이다. .수직적으로 긴 안모의 두부방사선계측학적 륵징을 확인하기 위하여 Sn-GoGn 각에 따라 구분된 109개의 치료 전 두부방사선사진 (35 수직군, 37 평균군, 37 수평군)을 분석하여 비교한 결과 다음과 같은 결과를 발견하였다. 수직적으로 긴 안모일수록 전안모고경, 특히 하전안모고경이 증가하며 후안모고경은 짧아지고, 모든 치조골, 특히 상악에서 의 두께가 깊어진다. 또한 모든 골격적 각계측항목이 커지는데 특히 lower genial angle의 상관성이 컸다. 한편 상악 전치는 점점 설측경사되었고 하악 전치는 순측경사되는 경향을 보였다.